Characterization of brain plasticity in Alzheimer's disease patients and healthy subjects (original) (raw)

Alzheimer ' s disease-immunological aspects 1 2

2009

Alzheimer's Disease (A.D.) is a multifarious, complex syndrome, which probably comprises different etiopathogenic subunits. Work by several authors has shown immunological disturbances in A.D. underlining the importance of immunological imbalance in the explanation of the etiopathogenesis and progress of some forms of A.D. An early diagnosis of A.D. is important because changes in central nervous system respond well to immunomodulatory treatment in the early course of disease. This justifies a search for diagnostic methods permitting an early diagnognosis of the disease and establishment of immunological disturbances and consequently an early start of treatment. In the present paper, the literature regarding immunological disturbances observed in A.D. patients is reviewed.

Immune pro fi ling of Alzheimer patients

2012

a Department of Internal Medicine II, Center for Medical Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen Aging and Tumor Immunology group, Waldhörnlestr. 22, 72072 Tübingen, Germany b Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Immunos Building, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore c Immunosenescence Unit, Department of Pathobiology and Medical and Forensic Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Corso Tukory 211, 90134, Palermo, Italy d U.O. di Neurologia, Ospedale di Vittoria, ASL7-Ragusa and Clinica Neurologica Università di Catania, Catania, Italy

Alzheimer's Disease and Immune Response: A Brief Overview

Journal of Alzheimers Disease & Parkinsonism, 2017

Alzheimer disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease, which it occurs degeneration of the neurons. The early symptom of AD is short-term memory loss and in chronic, it is characterized by language problems, insidious in onset problems, impairment of activities, mood swings, loss of motivation, hoarding, not managing self-care and behavioral issues. AD is neuropathologically characterized by amyloid beta plaques surrounded by neurons containing neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. The molecules of amyloid beta become toxic to the area, and they are flagged by the body to be cleared. Immune cells as Microglia, Astrocytes and neurons are liable for inflammatory reaction that activate and produce inflammatory mediators to clear cellular debris from the damage area. However, these clearing processes are triggered by the different immunological processes, which can provide through immunotherapeutic approach. The purpose of this review article is to brief cellular neuroimmunological aspects of AD, describes advances in the use of immunotherapy for treatment of AD and highlights ongoing efforts to develop novel therapies.