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Typology of number systems in languages of Western and Central Siberia
Finnisch-Ugrische Forschungen, 2021
This paper investigates the linguistic expression of number in seven languages from Western and Central Siberia. In a first step the number system of each language is described in detail, and afterwards the most relevant convergences and divergences of the languages are dealt with. Three particularly interesting phenomena are discussed in more detail: First, it is shown that the concept of general number, denoting noun forms underspecified for number, is able to account for a range of related phenomena (unmarked noun forms after numerals, nouns denoting paired objects). Second, singulatives in Selkup, Ket and partly Eastern Khanty are analyzed, whereby it is argued that their similar morphosyntactic and grammaticalization patterns allow for analyzing them as a contact phenomenon. Third, two splits on the animacy hierarchy between the first and second person in Dolgan as well as Chulym Turkic are presented. Finally, the results are evaluated against a broader areal-typological background, whereby it is shown that the category of number does not support any larger areal groupings within Western and Central Siberia, but that the analyzed languages rather adhere to patterns of number marking present all over Northern Eurasia.
Number Words as Number Names (Linguistics and Philosophy 40(4), 2017)
Linguistics and Philosophy, 2017
This paper critically evaluates the view of Hofweber and myself in previous work according to which number words in argument position retain the meaning they have when occurring as determiners or adjectives. In particular, it argues against syntactic evidence from German given by myself in support of that view.
E IJvrnv NEw AppRoACH in linguistics challenges us to reexamine the standard accounts of the handbooks and our own preferred accounts of the synchrony and diachrony of the languages we work with. Even the recent popularity of grammaticalization should do so despite the fact that it contributes little that is new, beyond a host of new examples. The phenomenon has been recognized since the Renaissance, it was well known at the beginning of the current tradition of scholarship in historical linguistics (see Andersen r98z), and in a sense, Meillet's (rylz.) terse description of the typically conjoined developments in grammaticalization-from lexical to grammatical content, from free form to affix, and from full to more or less reduced phonological expression-said what had to be said. Still, the burgeoning interest in grammaticalization during the last couple of decades has made many linguists examine new data and reexamine old accounts in order to test the conceptual boundaries of grammaticalization. The considerable debate that has been generated suggests that such reexaminations may be valuable.
Phraseological Units with Sacred Numbers in Russian and Serbian
2023
Our aim is to study phraseological units that have numbers in their construction. The material was collected from phraseological dictionaries of Russian and Serbian languages. In both languages, phraseological units with sacred numbers appear frequently in speech and writing, for example: Rus. книга за семью печатями-Srb. књига за седам печата [a closed book, literally "a book with seven seals"]; Rus. за семью запорами-Srb. иза седам брава/катанаца [under lock and key, literally "well guarded"]; Rus. семь смертных грехов-Srb. седам смртних греха [capital sins, literally "seven deadly sins"]; Rus. за тридевять земель-Srb. преко седам/девет брда/планина [at (to) the other end of the world, literally "very far away"]; Rus. чувствовать себя на седьмом небе-Srb. бити на седмом/деветом/десетом небу [(be) in seventh heaven, literally "(to be, feel) boundlessly happy"]; Rus. в трех шагах от кого, от чего-Srb. два три корака [within a stoneʼs throw of, literally " very close (to s.o. or sth.), very near"]. Phraseological units with numeric components are regarded as a descriptive metalanguage. This analysis can provide an insight into relationships between culture and language.
Number in natural language from a formal perspective (with Mojmír Dočekal)
Formal Approaches to Number in Slavic and Beyond, 2021
In this introduction, we provide a general overview of a variety of phenomena related to the encoding of the cognitive category of number in natural language, e.g., number-marking, collective nouns, conjunctions, numerals and other quantifiers, as well as classifiers, and show how Slavic data can contribute to our understanding of these phenomena. We also examine the main strands of the study of number in language developed within formal linguistics, linguistic typology, and psycholinguistics. Finally, we introduce the content of this collective monograph and discuss its relevance to current research.
Fixed Expressions with Sacred Numerals (on the Basis of Kazakh and English Languages)
Asian Social Science, 2014
The numerals are specified by their symbolic meanings along with digital ones. One can find them mostly in fixed expressions, legend stories, zhyr-dastans. The article is devoted to the use of the sacred numbers in fixed expressions. The names of the numerals frequently appear in phraseological units, fixed expressions in Kazakh and English languages relating to religious beliefs, customs and traditions have been collecting from the early times depict all specific features of wealthy sentience and considered to be a word-hoard. The actual materials were collected from phraseological dictionaries of Kazakh, Russian and English languages. And also examples were taken from art works. There are different numerals used in phraseologisms and proverbs (two, four, five, six, eight, fifty, hundred, thousand and so on). The authors define a series of numbers which are considered to be sacred ones according some concept beliefs. In article are determined the peculiarities of using numbers three, seven, nine, thirteen, twenty five, forty, fifty in fixed expressions and the use of these numbers in different meaning, to possess the sacred name.
Numberless kinds: Evidence from Russian
Catalan Journal of Linguistics
As is well-known from both descriptive and formally oriented literature, kind referring nominal phrases in Russian can appear in both morphologically singular and plural forms (Chierchia 1998; Doron 2003; Dayal 2004). The main contribution of this article is to argue that morphologically singular kind expressions are, in fact, numberless nominal phrases. In other words, we will argue that the best way to analyse these expressions, which we refer to as definite kinds, following the terminology of Borik & Espinal (2012, 2015), is by representing them as lacking both syntactic and semantic Number. We base our analysis on the theoretical postulate that, semantically, Number can be viewed as a Realization Operator converting properties of kinds into properties of objects, and that definite kinds do not activate such an operator whatsoever. We show how the analysis we propose for definite kinds can be extended to explain the peculiarities of the word order found in modified kind expressions in Russian.
Numbers are frequent expressions used in daily communication to count objects, compare amounts, calculate, determine order, make measurements, encode information and transmit data. In traditional and modern grammars of Turkish, numerals are covered under adjectives. Other studies on numerals in Turkish discussed the use of numerals with reference to their etymological and mythological roots instead of their structural properties. In this study, I will try to give a fully detailed explanation of numeral expressions in Turkish following the categorial classification of Booij (2009) and the syntactic analyses of Hurford (2007, 2010). In addition to these, I will propose a new set of phrase structure rule for the fractional numeral expressions to explain their syntactic structure. The new set of phrase structure rules presented in the study can explain all kinds of numeral expressions, ordinal, cardinal, and fractional. The new phrase structure rules can also explain different constructions for fractional numerals which seem very diverse using a unified approach.