EVALUATION OF IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL OF MEDICINAL PLANT: SOLANUM VIRGINIANUM L (original) (raw)
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In vitro evaluation of phytochemical and antibacterial activity of wild species of Solanum L
IOSR Journals , 2019
The potential antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants need identification and screening due to increasing use of synthetic drugs, side effects and antibiotic resistance of pathogenic microorganisms. In-vitro, antimicrobial activity of methanolic extracts of Solanum nigrum, S.villosum, S.torvum, S.surratense, S.sysimbrifolium, S.diphyllum and S.incanum against two Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and three Gram negative bacteria (E.coli, Salmonella typhi and Proteus vulgaris) have been screened and evaluated phytochemically in this study. The zone of inhibition was determined by agar disc diffusion method varied with plant to plant extract and the organism tested. It reveals that methanolic extract of S.sysimbrifolium at10gm/100ml conc.is effective to all the bacterium, while S. aureus with inhibition zone of 23.66±0.72 mm is most susceptible to all extracts. The above results suggested that antimicrobial activities were specific against the growth of bacteria. Moreover, medicinal plant species lead to the development of new drugs, if fully explored phytochemically. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins and steroids as a major compound in the plants.
The use of plants as medicine is an ancient practice common to all societies especially the African societies and particularly some part of Northern Nigeria. Solanum americanum leaf sample was collected at Kona Road Garden, Bakin Kogi, Jalingo, Nigeria. The plant material was air-dried under shade and pulverized into coarse powder. After extraction with reflux apparatus for four hours using 70% methanol, the air-dried concentrated extract was then subjected to phytochemical evaluation and subsequent antimicrobial activities against some pathogenic microorganisms: Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans using standard methods of analyses. The phytochemical results of the crude extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, anthraquinones, cardenolides, saponins, tannins and flavonoids. The antimicrobial activity of the plant extract was assayed using disc diffusion technique. The crude extract of S. americanum had the highest zone of inhibition of 15.00±0.00 mm against Candida albicans while the least inhibition zone of 7.33±0.47 mm was found against Streptococcus pyogenes. Other microorganism Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were found to be resistant at all concentrations. These findings shows that S. americanum can only be effective against infections related to Candida albicans and Streptococcus pyogenes. Hence, the use of S. americanum in traditional medical practice for the treatment of some microbial-related infections. Keywords: Solanum americanum, phytochemistry, Candida albicans, leaf, solanaceae
2015
Solanum virginianum belongs to the family Solanaceae, with medicinal properties as per folk medicine. Solanum virginianum is used for treating in cough and fever in India, especially Manipur. The objective of the present study was to scientifically evaluate typhoid potential of Solanum virginianum. Phytochemicals present in leaves, stem, roots and fruit of Solanum virginianum was studied in the current study by biochemical tests. It was found that various phytochemical were present in high proportion alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, coumarins, tannin, proteins and amino acids. The antimicrobial activity was tested by agar well diffusion method. It was found that the aqueous extract of S. virginianum inhibited the growth of bacterial pathogens. The most susceptible Gram-negative bacterial pathogens were Salmonella typhi leaf (2.5 cm), stem (2 cm), root (1.5 cm), fruit (1.4 cm), and Escherichia coli leaf (2.2 cm), stem (3.3 cm) root (1.2 cm), fruit (1.6 cm). Solanum virginianum inhibited the growth of Gram-positive bacterium S. aureus stem (2.6 cm), Klebsiella pneumonia leaf (1 cm), stem (1 cm), root (1 cm), fruit (1.6 cm).This study findings can be useful in considering the studied plant for preparing drugs in near future and also justifies the age old practice of ayurvedic treatment. However, large scale advanced studies followed by animal study needs to be carried out before large scale commercial application of the plant.
American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences, 2019
This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the aqueous extract of Solanum torvum leaves (EASt) on multidrug-resistant bacterial strains to common antibiotics. This plant is used in traditional medicine against diarrhoea. Solid agar diffusion and liquid dilution methods were respectively used to assess the sensitivity of bacterial strains to EASt and to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Tests performed on ten (10) bacterial strains, isolated from various biological products, showed that Staphylococcus aureus 234 UB/17 and Escherichia coli 135 UB/17, were significantly sensitive to EASt, with a higher sensitivity for the latter strain. This sensitivity was shown by an inhibition of bacterial growth in solid agar and liquid medium, by a decrease in turbidity caused by EASt sensitive germs growth as the concentration of this plant extract increased (25 to 100 mg/ml). This demonstrate that EASt is an antibac...
Antimicrobial Activity of Plants Belong to Solanaceae Family
Introduction The plant kingdom comprises many species of plants containing substances of medicinal value, which are yet to be explored. A large number of plants are constantly being screened for their possible medicinal value.[12] The use of plant extracts in traditional medicine has been going on from ancient time.[13] Herbalism and folk medicine, both ancient and modern, have been the source of much useful therapy.[14-16] In the recent years, the development of resistance of pathogens against antibiotics has become a difficult issue caused by the indiscriminate use of modern antibiotics.[17-23] Therefore, the demand for new and effective antimicrobial agents with broad spectrum activities from natural sources are increasing day by day. Infectious diseases account for approximately one-half of all deaths in tropical countries. The use of and search for drugs and dietary supplements derived from plants have accelerated in recent years. Ethnopharmacologists, botanists, microbiologist...
Objective: To study the antimicrobial activity ethanolic extracts of dried fruits of Solanumtorvum (family-solanaceae) along with preliminary phytochemical analysis. Methods: The ethanolic extract of dried fruits of the herb Solanumtorvum (family-solanaceae) were prepared and analyzed for phytochemical constituents using standard methods. The antimicrobial activity of the plant extracts were examined against 2 bacterial strains among one is gram positive and other is gram negative and 2 fungus using agar well diffusion method. Results: The present experiment shows the phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extract of dried fruits of the plant Solanumtorvum (family-solanaceae). Various phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponin, flavonoids, carbohydrates, glycosides, Steroids, proteins and amino acids and tannins. All the extracts of the plant showed antimicrobial activity against most of the test organisms. Conclusion: It can be concluded ethanolic extract of whole aerial parts of the Solanumtorvum (family-solanaceae) contain the high presence of phytochemicals. This extract was found to possess promising antimicrobial activity when compared with the standards.
Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics
The fruits of Solanum torvum (Swartz), a vegetable-fruit, are used in traditional medicine in Togo in the treatment of infectious diseases and as an anti-anemic. This study then focused on the antimicrobial activity assessment of the hydroethanolic extract of these fruits in the interest of contributing to the valorization of this Togolese flora’s species. A hydroethanolic extraction (50 % - 50 %: v/v) was performed followed by preliminary phytochemical tests. Antimicrobial activity was determined on fourteen bacterial strains using the agar diffusion method. Qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, reducing compounds, tannins, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, coumarins, triterpenes, saponins, total carbohydrates and free quinones. The extract was active on the reference strains of S. aureus, E. coli, S. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa. However, this activity was only observed on clinical strains of S. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa. The extract showed MICs ...