Enhancing Service Availability during Handover in Wireless Communication-Based Train Control Systems (original) (raw)
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A Survey : Handover scheme of High-Speed Train Environment
2016
In mobile communication, a handover is a process in which cellular data session is transferred from one cell site (base station) to another without disconnecting the session. Cellular services are based on mobility and handover, allowing the user to be moved from one cell site range to another or to be switched to the nearest cell site for better performance. Network mobility has a very challenging issue of long handover latency and QoS as the mobile devices moving with vehicular speed. In high speed train existing number of MT required the high quality communication and internet access services. As train speeds increases, wireless communication between MT in the train and the device mounted on the train encounters difficulties. In such case maintaining communication quality is a major challenge. The proposed system can resolve this issue by using an LTE femtocell based network mobility scheme that uses multiple egress network interface to support seamless handover for high speed train and avoid packet loss in network during handover.
Improvement of Handoff Decision in GSM-Railway Using Fuzzy Logic
In this paper, we present two algorithms, are based on fuzzy logic, Conventional algorithm and Proposed algorithms. Both handoff algorithms are used average handoff factor to decide when to handoff and when not in case of high speed mobile terminals. Conventional algorithm is of two types, one is Conventional I and other is conventional II. Also Proposed algorithm is of two types, one is proposed I and other is proposed II. The difference among these algorithms is its hysteresis margin. Proposed algorithms are used under the scenario of high speed trains. Proposed algorithm can make handoff efficient at speed of 270-350km/hr. also the probability of unnecessary handoff is reduced.
A SENSOR FAULTLESS HANDOVER RESOLUTION FOR EXPRESS TRAIN ACCESS NETWORKS (ETANS)
Abstract: Express train transportation is becoming a major tool for carrying approximately one million passengers daily in China today. To provide broadband information services for train passengers, the greatest challenge is achieving a seamless handover solution to guarantee wireless service continuity. This motivates us to incorporate sensor technology into Radio over Fiber architecture to construct an Express Train Access Network (ETAN), where the deployed sensor network captures the train movement status, which can indicate the wireless signal strength. Since the train moves on a fixed rail with fixed direction, it is possible to form an intelligent handover decision system, in which a critical movement state can exactly trigger an optical switch unit in the central station to carry out the handover procedure. Theory analyses and simulation results demonstrate that the proposed architecture can perform handover within 22 ms at a train speed of 350 km/h, providing wireless services for users without disruption, even for a cell radius as small as 100 m. Keywords: Express Train Access Network, ISDN, PSTN, EDI, Wireless Network Technology, Train Access Devices, Access point. Title: A SENSOR FAULTLESS HANDOVER RESOLUTION FOR EXPRESS TRAIN ACCESS NETWORKS (ETANS) Author: Ms. A. Sivasankari, Mrs. R. Saranya International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology Research ISSN 2348-120X (online), ISSN 2348-1196 (print) Research Publish Journals
IRJET-Seamless Handover Scheme in Broadband Wireless Communication Systems for High- Speed Rail
Due to frequent handovers in broadband wireless-communications in communication interru-ption, high-speed rail during handover could seriously degrade the experiences of passengers on the train. Intending to reduce the interruption time, a seamless handover scheme based on a dual-layer and dual-link system architecture has proposed in this paper, where a Train Relay Station is employed to execute handover for all users in a train and two antennas are mounted at the front and rear of a train. The front antenna executes handover while the rear antenna is still communicating with Base Station (BS), so that the communication can keep non-interruptive throughout the handover. Additional, bi-casting is adopted to eliminate the data forwarding delay between the serving BS and target BS in the prospective scheme. A exhaustive handover protocol is designed and the performance of the proposed scheme is examined. It can be seen from analytical results that the handover failure probability decreases as cell overlap increases and the communi-cation interruption probability decreases with the decrease of train handover location and the increase of cell overlap. The communication interruption proba-bility is smaller than 1% when the handover and the simulation results show that in the proposed scheme. Location is properly selected and the system throughput is not affected by handover is shown. In conclusion, both theoretical and simulation results show that the proposed scheme can efficiently perform seamless handover for high-speed rail with low implementation overhead.
Novel system architecture for railway wireless communications
IEEE EUROCON 2017 -17th International Conference on Smart Technologies
Railway communications are essential nowadays enabling passengers to stay connected to entertainment as well as other bandwidth-demanding applications. This is particularly challenging because wireless communication standards are not fully customized to overcome railway environment challenges including high handover frequency, group handover and Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees. In this paper, a novel system architecture for railway wireless communications is proposed. The proposed heterogeneous system utilizes the Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP), the 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) cellular protocol and as well as the IEEE 802.11n (Wi-Fi) wireless protocol. The goal of the proposed system is to quantify the overall system performance through several metrics (such as the data loss ratio, average packets dropped, handover delay and LTE delay) thereby ensuring that the proposed system can meet the required entertainment benchmarks. A performance simulation-based study is conducted to validate the feasibility of the proposed system in an urban railway environment. Simulation results show that the proposed architecture achieves improved performance for a high-load scenario even with added background traffic as compared to a conventional railway architecture for wireless communications.
A Bayesian Regression Based LTE-R Handover Decision Algorithm for High-Speed Railway Systems
IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2019
In this paper, we propose a machine learning based handover decision algorithm for high-speed railway systems. In a standard LTE-R network, a mobile relay (MR) on a train connects a DeNB and various onboard devices, including train controllers. The standard LTE-R handover decision scheme assumes the moving node may move back and forth. Thus, it makes the serving DeNB keep the inferior connection with the MR during the predefined Time-To-Triger, even though the MR gets closer to the cell boundary and can make a better connection with the neighbor DeNB. However, a train keeps moving forward and never moves backward during the operation. Thus, it is expected that improved quality of wireless connection can be attained if the serving DeNB starts the handover of the MR earlier than the standard by predicting the cell boundary crossing time. Especially, the Gaussian Bayesian regression model outputs the predictive distribution that contains prediction values as well as information of their uncertainty. Thus, we can decide whether to accept the prediction according to the predictive distribution. Based on the prediction, the serving DeNB decides the handover initiation time to make the MR cross the cell boundary during the handover execution. We evaluate the performance of handover decision algorithm through simulations. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the standard handover decision algorithm and the H2-based scheme in terms of communication reliability at cell boundary regardless of the moving speed.
Mobile Relay Handover Procedure in Train for 4G LTE-Advanced Network
Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2017
High speed train has been the most prominent transportation that been used by the public to save the travel time due to the road congestion especially during the peak hour. In parallel with the development of high speed trains nowadays as the trains’ speed can reach up to 350km/h, there have been extensive researches to improve the data rates for mobile wireless communication. Higher data rate and reliable mobile communication are desirable when moving in high speed train. These are a challenge when moving in high speed mobile environment. The major concern is the handover process when travelling from one cell to the other is unable to complete successfully. This is due to the time delay allocates for the handover process to take place is lesser than the time taken for the train to travel across a cell area. Therefore, a solution is solution is required to maintain continuity of services for the passengers on board in order to avoid simultaneous call drop. LTE-Advanced technology se...
Development of mobile communication systems for high-speed railway
Science, Engineering and Technology
Development of high-speed railways set up challenges for new communication technologies. With the increase in speed, new requirements for communication systems have emerged that HSR requires greater reliability, capacity and shorter response time for efficient and safe operations. Mobile communication systems are crucial for the competitiveness of the railway industry and therefore have become one of the priorities addressed by the participants in the railway system to take advantage of technological opportunities to improve operational processes and the quality of provided transport services. The European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS) uses the Global System for Mobile Communications for Railways (GSM-R) for voice and data communication to communicate between trains and control centers. The International Railway Union is exploring new ways of communicating for high-speed railways because as speed increases this system becomes unreliable in information transmission. This pap...
2018
Under the SAFE4RAIL project, we are developing a simulation platform based on a discrete-events network simulator. This platform models the Train-to-Ground (T2G) link in the framework of a system-level simulation of Train Control Management System (TCMS). The modelled T2G link is based on existing wireless technologies, e.g. Wi-Fi and LTE. Different T2G scenarios are defined in order to evaluate the performances of the Mobile Communication Gateway (managing train communications) and Quality of Services (QoS) offered to TCMS applications in the context of various environments (regular train lines, train stations, shunting zones, etc.) while varying the number of communicating trains, train’s speed, radio channel characteristics (delay spread, channel attenuation, etc.). This paper focusses on the design and validation of the TCMS transmission over Wi-Fi/LTE via an approach based on simulation. This simulation platform aims to be also used to test actual TCMS equipment’s, i.e. Mobile ...
Wireless Technologies in the Railway: Train-to-Earth Wireless Communications}
Among the technologies of communication "train-to-earth", one of the most important advances of the last decade has been the GSM-R (Global System for Mobile Communications -Railway) (International Union of Railways, 2011). This system is based on the GSM telephony, but has been adapted to the field of railways. GSM-R is designed to exchange information between trains and control centres, and has as key advantages its low cost, and worldwide support.