An Experimental Study on Citric Acid Production by Aspergillus niger Using Gelidiella acerosa as a Substrate (original) (raw)
Related papers
Production and Optimization of Citric Acid by Aspergillus Niger Using Molasses and Corncob
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2015
Objective: The present study made an attempt to produce commercially valuable citric acid by the fungal strain Aspergillus niger from molasses and corncob using submerged fermentation, as the best alternative to the sugar substrate. Methods: Three types of production media were prepared including control (sucrose) by following standard fermentation conditions. The acid production was indicated by the reduction of pH levels. The citric acid content and residual sugars of the final hydrolysate were estimated by the Marrier and Boulet method and Anthrone Sulphuric acid method respectively. Results: The control production medium gave yield of 4.6 milligrams per milliter (mg/ml) at pH 3.0 on 10 th Conclusion: Molasses and corncob when replaced with sucrose in the fermentation medium produced significant amount of citric acid. The results imply the effective use of molasses and corncob as an alternative substrate for the production of commercially valuable, citric acid with a cost effective approach. day. The medium containing molasses and other compositions gave the yield of 10.4 mg/ml, whereas corncob medium and other compositions gave the yield of 5.3 mg/ml at pH 2.5. The medium containing molasses and corncob separately with 5 percent (%) sucrose gave the highest yield of 12.6 mg/ml and 6.7 mg/ml at pH 3.0 respectively. Different factors affecting citric acid production by fermentation were also studied. Sucrose was found superior for maximum citric production at optimum incubation temperature at 30 degree Celsius (⁰C). The nitrogen supplements, ammonium sulphate and ammonium chloride at a concentration of 0.25 % and 0.5% respectively gave the highest yield, whereas the methanol concentration of 2% was found optimum for obtaining maximum yield of citric acid.
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2015
Objective: The present study made an attempt to produce commercially valuable citric acid by the fungal strain Aspergillus niger from molasses and corncob using submerged fermentation, as the best alternative to the sugar substrate. Methods: Three types of production media were prepared including control (sucrose) by following standard fermentation conditions. The acid production was indicated by the reduction of pH levels. The citric acid content and residual sugars of the final hydrolysate were estimated by the Marrier and Boulet method and Anthrone Sulphuric acid method respectively. Results: The control production medium gave yield of 4.6 milligrams per milliter (mg/ml) at pH 3.0 on 10 th Conclusion: Molasses and corncob when replaced with sucrose in the fermentation medium produced significant amount of citric acid. The results imply the effective use of molasses and corncob as an alternative substrate for the production of commercially valuable, citric acid with a cost effective approach. day. The medium containing molasses and other compositions gave the yield of 10.4 mg/ml, whereas corncob medium and other compositions gave the yield of 5.3 mg/ml at pH 2.5. The medium containing molasses and corncob separately with 5 percent (%) sucrose gave the highest yield of 12.6 mg/ml and 6.7 mg/ml at pH 3.0 respectively. Different factors affecting citric acid production by fermentation were also studied. Sucrose was found superior for maximum citric production at optimum incubation temperature at 30 degree Celsius (⁰C). The nitrogen supplements, ammonium sulphate and ammonium chloride at a concentration of 0.25 % and 0.5% respectively gave the highest yield, whereas the methanol concentration of 2% was found optimum for obtaining maximum yield of citric acid.
Journal of Experimental Food Chemistry, 2016
In this study the main emphasis is given on the techniques by which citric acid can be produced at low cost. The potential of agricultural waste (Apple pomace, carrot waste and pineapple peel) as a substrate was examined for citric acid production by Aspergillus niger using Solid State Fermentation technique. The citric acid concentration and biomass was determined during fermentation period. The amount of citric acid was determined by titration using 0.1 N NaOH and biomass was determined by oven drying method. The optimization of three parameters (temperature, Low molecular weight alcohol and nitrogen source) was carried out. The study revealed that these parameters effect citric acid production extremely. The maximum yield was obtained in case of apple pomace followed by pineapple peel and then the carrot waste. In case of alcohol, 4% methanol gives the maximum yield as compared to isopropyl alcohol. In case of carbon and nitrogen source, sucrose 5% and NH 4 NO 3 0.25% give more citric acid yield as compared with the glucose 5% and NH 4 NO 3 1% respectively. When fermentation media was kept at different temperature the maximum yield was obtained at temperature 30°C as compared with the 4°C. The study has revealed that food waste material can be used for citric acid production by SSF using Aspergillus niger. The use of these wastes might represent an efficient method of reducing the environmental problem due to their disposal and also help in the reduction of the substrate cost.
Production of citric acid by Aspergillus niger
The present investigation deals with the kinetics of submerged citric acid fermentation by Aspergillus niger using blackstrap molasses as the basal fermentation media. A laboratory scale stirred fermentor of 15-L capacity having working volume of 9-L was used for cultivation process and nutritional analysis. Among the 10 stock cultures of Aspergillus niger, the strain GCBT7 was found to enhance citric acid production. This strain was subjected to parametric studies. Major effects were caused due to oxygen tension (1.0 l/l/min), pH value (6.0) and incubation temperature (30ºC). All fermentations were carried out following the growth on 150 g/l raw molasses sugars for 144 hours. Ferrocyanide (200 ppm) was used to control the trace metals present in the molasses medium. Ammonium nitrate (0.2%) was added as nitrogen source. Maximum citric acid production (99.56 ± 3.5a g/l) was achieved by Aspergillus *Corresponding author niger GCBT7. The dry cell mass and sugar consumption were 18.5 and 96.55 g/l, respectively. The mycelia were intermediate round pellets in their morphology. The specific productivity of GCBT7 (qp = 0.074 ± 0.02a g/g cells/h) was several folds higher than other strains. The specific production rate and growth coefficient revealed the hyperproducibility of citric acid using mutant GCBT7.
Archives of Ecotoxicology
Utilization of cassava pulp wastes for citric acid production was investigated using Aspergillus niger in a submerged culture. A series of experiments were designed on various fermentation parameters to establish the optimal conditions for citric acid production from cassava pulp. This study revealed that production parameters such as cassava pulp concentration, initial pH, incubation temperature, agitation, and nitrogen source and fermentation period had effect on the amount of citric acid produced from cassava pulp. Citric acid concentration increased as the concentration of cassava pulp increases up to 20% with maximum citric acid concentration of 14.9 ± 0.413 g/l after 120 hours of fermentation. pH 5.5 was the optimum with maximum citric acid concentration of 16.8 ± 0.23 g/l after 120 hours of fermentation. Incubation temperature at 300 C was the optimum, with citric acid concentration of 19.15 ± 0.43 g/l. Increased in agitation speed from 100 to 225 rpm gave the maximum citric...
Citric Acid Production From Sugar-Cane Molasses by Cultures of Aspergillus Niger
…, 1998
Aspergillus niger, one of the most important fungi used in industrial microbiology, has been employed for many years for the commercial production of citric acid. However, citric production and recovery may vary greatly depending upon type of substrate as well as the fermentation conditions like temperature, fermentation time and the type of culture/strain. The present study was aimed to investigate the potential of Aspergillus niger to convert sugarcane molasses into citric acid through fermentation carried out for 8 days at three different temperatures 20°C, 24°C and 28°C and five substrate levels 0, 6%, 12%, 18% and 24%. The optimum citric acid production was achieved after 6 days of fermentation from 24% substrate level at 28°C. The maximum citric acid yield was 6.87±0.12 g 100 mL-1 (68.7 g L-1) with a mean recovery of 51.62% with respect to initial total sugar contents of the media. However, the optimum recovery of citric acid (59.64%) with respect to initial total sugar contents was achieved from 18% substrate level after the completion of fermentation period of 6 days. The study suggested that the 6 days of fermentation period with 18% substrate level and temperature 28 º C were the optimum conditions for citric acid recovery from sugarcane molasses through Aspergillus niger.
Under surface culture condition, a number of cheap indigenous raw materials like cane molasses and jackfruits were selected for citric acid fermentation and gamma ray induced mutant strains of 14/20 and 79/20 of Aspergillus niger were used. The rate of citric acid production was also influenced by biomass production and residual sugar used. In both cases on the day 13 without presence of Prescott salt for the mutant strain of Aspergillus niger 14/20 the citric acid production was highest. The biomass production was found different in various fermentation medium. It was found to increase with the increase of fermentation period and maximum biomass was found on day 13. It is also found that biomass production was higher in mutant strain of A. niger 14/20 than 79/20. In addition to this, wet-weight biomass was higher than dry weight biomass. Without presence of Prescott salt, wet weight of mycelial body of the fungus Aspergillus niger 14/20 was found highest on day 13 in mixed substrates which was 160.15. Mixed substrate prepared with molasses and jackfruit media was proved to be the best and potential for biomass production. Sugar utilization rate was also different in various media during citric acid production by A. niger 14/20 and 79/20. Prescott salt was also found to have remarkable effect on sugar utilization for citric acid production except on days 0, 3 and 5. In presence of Prescott salt, sugar utilization was lower than without presence of Prescott salt in the molasses, jackfruit and mixed fermentation media during production of citric acid. With the increase of fermentation period, sugar concentration in the medium was reduced and maximum reduction was found on day 13. Without presence of Prescott salt and in mixed fermentation medium the highest production of citric acid was found by further mutated Aspergillus niger 14/20 which was about 16.16mg/ml.
Citric acid production by Aspergillus niger grown on orange peel medium fortified with cane molasses
Annals of Microbiology, 2012
Citric acid production (CAP) by Aspergillus niger was obtained following culture on an orange peel medium (OPM) fortified with cane molasses. The key physicochemical parameters influencing CAP, such as bed loading, moisture levels, volume and age of inoculum, initial pH, incubation temperature and duration, agitation rate, sugar concentration, addition of nitrogen and phosphorus sources, treatment of molasses and the addition of different low levels of alcohols, were assessed. The suitability of molasses to increase the concentration of sugar in the fermentation medium without previous treatments with EDTA or ferro-cyanide was indicated. Maximum amounts of CA (640 g/kg orange peel) were obtained after 72 h of incubation on an OPM moisturized to 65 %w/v, with bed loading of 20 %, an initial pH of 5, a temperature of 30°C, an agitation rate of 250 rpm, with fortification of the medium with molasses at a final sugar concentration of 14 % in the presence of 3.5 % methanol.