Islam, Politics, and Cyber Tribalism in Indonesia A Case Study on the Front Pembela Islam (original) (raw)

INDONESIAN MUSLIM IDENTITY CONSTELLATION IN THE DIGITAL MEDIA: Labeling Arrogant Islam by Permadi Arya on Social Media

2021

The emergence of various negative religious prototypes and labels has become an increasingly problematic tempest in Indonesia. Especially in Islam, dedicating meaning to a particular topic and model of the diversity of groups has recently been public hot discussions. The presence of social media creates a constellation of national narratives that have various contents. In this case, the researcher will formulate how the interactions that occur in society, especially on social media, are related to the verdict in the form of symbols addressed to certain religious models. The researcher starts with terms such as “Islam Radikal” and “Islam Arogan” which are specifically used by Permadi Arya in showing his reaction to the public on religious opinions on social media. This study uses a qualitative approach by collecting Permadi Arya’s digital record data on social media as the primary source of the analysis. The data analysis was carried out by conducting collaborative topics on the mode...

The Discourse of Indonesian Muslim Identity Politics Represented in Online News Portals

2017

Media plays important role in reshaping political constellation and identity in the post Indonesian reform era. One major event that attracted national and international media coverage in 2016 was “Aksi Bela Islam”, which was held to resist against Basuki Tjahja Purnama (Ahok) nomination as a candidate of Jakarta governor. This paper will discuss this event that occurred on 14 October 2016 and on subsequent demonstration that followed in November and December 2016. This “Aksi Bela Islam” is important to understand the trend and shift of identity politics of contemporary Islam and its relation to the idea of haria law application in Jakarta proposed by Ahok’s contenders and citizenship (pribumi vs non-pribumi). This research focuses on how the discourse of “Bela Islam” (Defending Islam) is represented in online (national and international-based) news portal. It will explore four online news portal, two are national online news portal, namely Kompas and Republika and two others repres...

Religious Identity Politics on Social Media in Indonesia: A Discursive Analysis on Islamic Civil Societies

Jurnal Studi Pemerintahan, 2018

Since 2014, religious sentiment in Indonesian social media has been increasingly overwhelming. The strong religiosity of society leads to religious packaging to help convey any political articulation in social media mainly conducted by the Islamic civil societies. This article examines the political articulation uttered by Muhammadiyah, NU, and Muslim Cyber Army (MCA) as a representation of the democratization of Islamic civil society in responding to the contemporary political situation. Using the sentiment analysis and discursive analysis, this paper attempts to explain how Islamic organizations and groups build discourse and maintain its influence in social media as an alternative tone of political articulation. The results of this study indicate that social media has become a contested space of Islamic organizations and group to show their political position upon the government. The more an organization is close to the power the more it tends to reveal articulations that are in line with the government interest. Meanwhile, the opposing and incapable groups are securing the social media as a tool to delegitimized the authorities. The use of social media as a tool for political articulation is popular in the democratization among Islamic civil society but within the limits of democratic values applied. Social media can also be used to strengthen the discourse of religious politicisation that has the potential to contradict democratization itself.

Contextualizing jihad and mainstream Muslim identity in Indonesia: the case ofRepublika Online

Asian Journal of Communication, 2017

Jihad in the history of Islam has developed into a contested doctrine over a period of time. The term jihad as related to any exertion of power has been used by Muslim leaders to justify wars. On the other hand, the non-violent interpretation of jihad has been promoted by so-called moderate Muslim groups to support a moderating attitude towards colonial powers, un-Islamic authorities and non-Muslims in general. This paper investigates the discourse of jihad presented by Republika Online as the biggest Islamic commercial online news service in Indonesia. The paper argues that the description of jihad in Republika Online represents the contextual interpretation of jihad which is commonly held by the mainstream moderate Muslim groups in Indonesia. The description of contextual jihad can be seen as a process of negotiation between national identity and Islamic identity in Indonesia. This contextual interpretation suggests the possibility of the interpretation of the doctrine of jihad as an armed struggle as well as other generalised struggles depending on specific local conditions. This contextual interpretation also represents the construction of an integrated identity formation by projecting a distinct Indonesian Muslim identity which is Islamic in nature but also bounded by the awareness of a nationalist and an anti-imperialist identity.

Lim, M. (2017). Freedom to hate: social media, algorithmic enclaves, and the rise of tribal nationalism in Indonesia, Critical Asian Studies, 49(3): 411-427

Critical Asian Studies, 2017

Empirically grounded in the 2017 Jakarta Gubernatorial Election (Pilkada DKI) case, this article discusses the relationship of social media and electoral politics in Indonesia. There is no doubt that sectarianism and racism played significant roles in the election and social media, which were heavily utilized during the campaign, contributed to the increasing polarization among Indonesians. However, it is misleading to frame the contestation among ordinary citizens on social media in an oppositional binary, such as democratic versus undemocratic forces, pluralism versus sectarianism, or rational versus racist voters. Marked by the utilization of volunteers, buzzers, and micro-celebrities, the Pilkada DKI exemplifies the practice of post-truth politics in marketing the brand. While encouraging freedom of expression, social media also emboldens freedom to hate, where individuals exercise their right to voice their opinions while actively silencing others. Unraveling the complexity of the relationship between social media and electoral politics, I suggest that the mutual shaping between users and algorithms results in the formation of “algorithmic enclaves” that, in turn, produce multiple forms of tribal nationalism. Within these multiple online enclaves, social media users claim and legitimize their own versions of nationalism by excluding equality and justice for others.

The Cyber Islam Contestation In Indonesia

2020

The paper focuses on the contestation among the moderate, the radical, and the liberal Indonesian Islamic groups in cyberspace. This study aims to find the typology and expression of each group in Indonesian cyber Islam. It is important to understand the position of each group in Indonesian communities, especially in the aftermath of the Election of Jakarta Governor in 2017, in which many important identities, ideologies, and discourses are contested in contemporary Indonesian Islam. Many groups make their own cyberspace as a new battleground in order to show and propagate their existence, as they realize that the winner of the cyberspace battle will give a huge impact on the face of Indonesia in the future. Using content analysis of news and articles in online media, this paper found typology and expression of Indonesian cyber Islam. By finding the typologies and expressions, this paper shows that all Islamic groups nowadays make their own cyberspace as a new battleground in order ...

The Contestation of Religious Radicalism Discourses by Indonesian Muslim Netizens

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2022

The point of this study is to examine the patterns of Islamic discourses constructed by radical Islamic groups on social media. This study examines sever Despite the fact that Islamic radicalism discourse was not a novel concept, it has become one of the most discussed phenomena today. This study examines the discourse of Islamic radicalism on goals is to advance the concept of formalizing Islamic sharia in Indonesia. This study employs qualitative descriptive research methods. The analysis then applies Foucault's perspective on power relation theory to these issues. The data collection techniques were observation and documentation techniques. Islamic Khilafah discourse that carries "anti-democracy" and a campaign to marginalize women's role in the public sphere were identified as forms of Islamic radicalism on social med via social media because these platforms are deemed strategic and effective for promoting their discourses as a form of ideological conflict. Fundamentalist Islamic groups are eager to read the gap; t modern society's way of life that cannot be separated from the device. Therefore, they attempt to control and construct Islamic discourses in cyberspace from their point of view without allowing for contextual differences.

Islamic Clictivism: Internet, Democracy and Contemporary Islamist Activism in Surakarta

Since the collapse of the New Order regime, social development has led Indonesia to become a more democratic and modern than any other Muslim majority countries. The development of democracy in Indonesia has also seen the proliferation of modern Islamist activism online. This form of cyber activism, named here as Islamic “clicktivism,” has a discursive function. This paper examines how the proliferation of a cyber Islamist movement can be related to ongoing democratization in Indonesia. It was found that Islamic clicktivism has emerged in the process of democratization, modernization and globalization. Clicktivism encourages members of Islamist groups to adopt the principles and logic of the pillars of democracy, and to perpetuate their struggle and promote their existence during the development of democracy in Indonesia. Through their clicktivism, they bring the discursive voices of Islamism democratically to national issues in the common interest of Indonesians.

Indonesia and the Malay World THE ART OF DAKWAH: social media, visual persuasion and the Islamist propagation of Felix Siauw

THE ART OF DAKWAH: social media, visual persuasion and the Islamist propagation of Felix Siauw, 2018

Felix Siauw, a popular if controversial Chinese Muslim preacher, is well known for his affiliation with the transnational Islamist movement, Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI), as well as for his extensive use of social media and visual aesthetics. As of September 2017, he had more than four million followers on Facebook, two million followers on Twitter, one million followers on Instagram and 20,000 subscribers on YouTube, making him one of the leading social media preachers in Indonesia today. Based on online research, offline participation and face-to-face interviews with Felix Siauw and d his dakwah (proselytisation) team members in 2016 and 2017, this article highlights (a) the intersection between online activities and offline events in contemporary Islamic preaching; (b) multiple forms of oral, textual and visual expressions of on-offline dakwah; and (c) the politics and poetics of dakwah. In brief, it illustrates how online and visual dakwah are complementing rather than replacing offline and textual dakwah. I examine how and under what conditions Felix Siauw creatively uses social media and visual l images to propagate HTI ideology among young Indonesian Muslims. His dakwah approach is entertaining yet conservative, casual but dogmatic, and personal if political. His preaching attempts to reconcile these contradictions, which represents a strategy to normalise religious radicalism and to attract a broader audience.

Online Radicalization and Extreme Islamic Values in Social Relations: a Case Study on the Use of Social Media in the Indonesia Tanpa Pacaran Movement

2021

Nowadays, as Indonesia is preparing its human resources to reach the Industry 4.0 stage, it turns out that other parts of the world have reached the Industry 5.0 stage. Unlike Industry 4.0, Industry 5.0 continues to rely on the role of human beings, and is human-centered in its use, so that the role of human beings is not degraded or replaced. The role of humans in Industry 5.0, in addition to having a positive impact, also has the potential of leading to negative impacts, which are now widely found in the circulation of hoaxes, online persecution (doxing), and also online radicalization, which are spread using the Internet. The sources of the data in this study are the results of in-depth interviews with social observers, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and Indonesia Tanpa Pacaran members as primary data sources. The findings of this study reinforce the notion that Indonesia Tanpa Pacaran is a highly exclusionary movement. This movement is hostile to people outside their gro...