HYDROCHEMICAL APPRAISAL OF GROUND WATER QUALITY AND ITS WATER QUALITY INDEX: A CASE STUDY IN MATHURA DISTRICT, INDIA. Analysis of GW Quality in Mathura district View project (original) (raw)

HYDROCHEMICAL APPRAISAL OF GROUND WATER QUALITY AND ITS WATER QUALITY INDEX: A CASE STUDY IN MATHURA DISTRICT, INDIA.

This study focuses on groundwater quality analysis using analytical and geographical information system (GIS) for prospecting suitable groundwater sites in Mathura district for drinking and irrigation purposes. Physio-chemical parameters of major ions for the 65 locations of water samples collected from March 2016 through September 2016 have been experimentally determined and evaluated by comparing their values with World Health Organization (WHO), Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and Water Quality Association (WQA). Results show that Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Hardness(TH), Mg2+ and Cl- are found to be higher than (>50%) the permissible limit when compared with the guidelines of the WHO, BIS and WQA. The piper trilinear diagram shows the majority of the groundwater samples are Na-K type. The spatial distribution of various physio-chemical parameters were also plotted in the GIS environment to determine suitable groundwater prospecting sites for drinking and irrigation. The resultant integrated water quality map shows that except for some parts of the north-west Mathura and Southern region, water quality in the Mathura district is largely unsuitable for drinking and irrigation purpose. Water quality index shows that the maximum area of the Mathura district is unsuitable for drinking.

Evaluation of groundwater quality in and around Nagercoil town, Tamilnadu, India: an integrated geochemical and GIS approach

Applied Water Science, 2013

This study was made to find the ground water quality for samples of the town located in the southern most end of India. The study was carried out to evaluate the major ion chemistry, the factors controlling water composition, and suitability of water for both drinking and irrigation purposes. Totally, 21 ground water samples were collected randomly from bore wells and hand pumps throughout the Nagercoil town and its surroundings. The collected samples were analyzed for major ions and the analytical data were interpreted according to published guide lines. The spatial maps show that the concentration of the chemical constituent in ground water varies spatially and temporarily. Sodium is the most dominant cation with Cland HCO 3 as the dominant anion. The abundant of the major is as follows: SO 4 . Only one-third of the samples best fit for both consumption and agricultural purposes. The spatial maps show high contamination along the southern region of the study area. Total hardness of the collected samples lies between 60 and 490 mg/l reveals that the 33 % groundwater samples exceeds the safe limit of 300 mg/l. Total dissolved solids (TDS) in the study area ranges between 67 and 2,086 mg/l with a mean value of 523 mg/l. High total hardness and TDS in few places identified that the ground water is unsuitable for drinking and irrigation. In these places, the aquifers are subject to contamination from sewage effluents and excess use of fertilizer and pesticides in agriculture. Such areas require adequate drainage and introduction of alternative salt tolerance cropping.

Application of water quality index to assess suitability of groundwater quality for drinking purposes in Ratmao –Pathri Rao watershed, Haridwar District, India

American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 2012

Water Quality Index has been applying in the present study to assess suitability of groundwater quality for drinking purposes in Ratmao-Pathri Rao Watershed, Haridwar District, India. This was carried out by subjecting twenty one groundwater samples, collected from eleven selected site, to comprehensive physico-chemical analysis. Nine parameters have been considered for calculating the WQI such as: pH, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate, chloride, nitrate, sulphate, and total dissolved solids. The computed WQI shows that 48% of water sample falls in excellent categories and 48% falls in the good water category. On the other hand one site located at Teliwala village which represent 4% falls in very poor categories. Such waters are not suitable for drinking purposes under normal condition and further action for salinity control is required. The high value of WQI at this site has been found to be mainly due to the higher values of TDS, Ca +2 , K + , Cl-, Hco 3-, No 3 2and So 4 2where it was found that there is a very high correlation coefficient between them

Assessment of groundwater quality by water quality indices for irrigation and drinking in South West Delhi, India

Data in Brief, 2018

Groundwater quality should be continuously monitored for irrigation and drinking purpose so that risk from geochemical contaminants can be reduced by appropriate treatment method. Therefore, the focus of the present study was to determine the suitability of groundwater collected from South West Delhi, India, for irrigation and drinking purpose on the basis of various water quality indices. In order to assess the groundwater quality, 50 samples were collected from different sites of selected study area and parameters such as pH, EC (electrical conductivity), total dissolved solids (TDS), salinity, total hardness (TH), total alkalinity (HCO 3 −), calcium (Ca þ 2), magnesium (Mg þ 2), sodium (Na þ), potassium (K þ), chloride (Cl −), Fluoride (F −), sulfates (SO 4 −2) and Nitrates (NO 3 −) were determined. Based on the above parameters, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), permeability index (PI), magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR), Kelley's ratio (KR) and Na% were calculated. Water quality index (WQI), which is an important and unique rating to represent the overall water quality in a single term that is useful to determine the suitability of water for human consumption, was also estimated. The present dataset demonstrated the application of water quality indices that would be helpful to policymakers for appropriate management, treatment and sustainable societal development at large.

Spatial assessment of groundwater quality using water quality index and hydrochemical indices in the Kodavanar sub-basin, Tamil Nadu, India

The purpose of this study was to assess the drinking and irrigation groundwater quality in Kodavanar sub-basin, Dindigul and Karur region, Tamil Nadu, India. Water samples were measured according to the geological and hydrogeological aspects. Geographically, the study area is situated in 10°11 0 37 00 -10°27 0 30 00 N and 77°37 0 46 00 -78°01 0 10 00 E with an entire area of 2255 km 2 . Overall, 82 groundwater samples were taken from bore wells and various physicochemical parameters and major ion chemistry like pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, chloride, sulfate, nitrate, and phosphate were analyzed. According to the groundwater quality, Gibbs, United States Salinity Laboratory and Wilcox's diagrams were plotted; and groundwater quality has been illustrated for domestic and agricultural purposes. Gibbs plot results showed that 87% of the sample falls under the rock dominance. Sodium absorption ratio 100%, sodium percentage 85%, and Kelly's ratio 51% recommends that majority of the sample falls under the acceptable border of irrigation and drinking utility. Using geospatial analysis, the water-quality index was calculated. The result shows that most of the area comes under excellent (402 km 2 ) and good (1297 km 2 ) groundwater categories. Based on the studies, the quality of groundwater is safe for drinking purposes, but in a limited sample, which exceed the limit, due to anthropogenic activities.

GIS based Water Quality Index Method for Groundwater Quality Assessment– Using Hydro Geochemical Data: Karur District, Tamil Nadu, India

The two important criteria needed for the healthy life of human being at this moment are the adequate supply of drinking water with safety in its quality. In order to satisfy the quality of drinking water, the Hydro geologists have made detailed studies and brought out certain standards for quality thresholds for almost all the elements dissolved in groundwater that is being used by humans. Further, several studies have also been made on determining the groundwater quality of certain areas through conventionally analyzing the hydro chemical data derived through groundwater samples. A GIS based attempt has been made for the first time in the state of Tamil Nadu to evaluate and characterize the quality of groundwater in Karur District through Water Quality Index (WQI) method, for drinking purpose. GIS and WQI method had been applied to visualize the spatial pattern of the groundwater quality in the study area. A total of 32 pre-(July-2012) and post monsoon (Janauary-2013) groundwater geochemical samples were collected and analyzed for major cations and anions. It is very clear from the study that the chemical composition of groundwater in the study area has strong influence by effective weathering and leaching action of feldspar bearing rocks and along with anthropogenic activities like direct disposal of industrial effluents and the use of phosphatic fertilizers in urban environments. The results from the present study area showed a higher WQI, indicating the deteriorated nature of the groundwater quality. The WQI designed for the pre-monsoon period exhibited poor quality in greater percentage when compared with the post-monsoon period. This had indicated that the over exploitation and anthropogenic events such as, the release of wastes from industries, leftover use of manures and insecticides for agriculture and improper dumping of domestic wastes into the potential river systems. Majority of the groundwater chemical parameters are higher during pre-monsoon than the post-monsoon. The effect of rain fall in monsoon and successive natural groundwater recharge in to the aquifer leads to dilution of the groundwater. From this study, the potential of GIS tool in handling, analyzing and mapping the hydro chemical parameters, and the methodology in determining the WQI are dealt in detail.

HYDRO-GEOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF GROUND WATER QUALITY AND DELINEATES DRINKING WATER QUALITY ZONES IN TIRUVANNAMALAI DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU, INDIA – A GEOSPATIAL APPROACH

Ground water is a vital resource for drinking water around the world. The economic and ecological stability of many countries heavily relay upon groundwater availability. With rapid developments in industrial and agricultural sectors, the need for ground water is greater than ever before. Consequently, the quality of ground water is affected by fertilizers, effluents run off from industries, chemical dumping sites, domestic sewage, etc. Hence, it is necessary to constantly monitor ground water quality as it has a serious impact on human health. In this paper, we have analyzed ground water quality of Tiruvannamalai District of Tamil Nadu, India. The ground water samples are taken from 13 locations per area. Water Quality Index (WQI) is estimated for each area to ascertain for the portability of water. The physicochemical parameters like pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Nitrates, Fluorides, and Chlorides sample data are compared against World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Geographical information system (GIS), an efficient tool for estimating water quality is used both in spatial and temporal domain. The results are useful in efficient monitoring and assessment of ground water and thus, for taking relevant measures to curb unrestrained exploitation

Application of water quality index for groundwater quality assessment: Thirumanimuttar sub-basin, Tamilnadu, India

Environmental …, 2010

An attempt has been made to understand the hydrogeochemical parameters to develop water quality index in Thirumanimuttar sub-basin. A total of 148 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for major cations and anions. The domination of cations and anions was in the order of Na>Mg>Ca>K for cations and Cl>HCO 3 >SO 4 in anions. The hydrogeochemical facies indicate alkalis (Na and K) exceed alkaline earths (Ca and Mg) and strong acids (Cl and SO 4 ) exceed weak acid (HCO 3 ). Water quality index rating was calculated to quantify overall water quality for human consumption. The PRM samples exhibit poor quality in greater percentage when compared with POM due to effective leaching of ions, over exploitation of groundwater, direct discharge of effluents and agricultural impact. The overlay of WQI with chloride and EC correspond to the same locations indicating the poor quality of groundwater in the study area. SAR, Na%, and TH were noted higher during both the seasons indicating most of the groundwater locations not suitable for irrigation purposes.

Assessment of Groundwater Quality of Bijnor District, India using Water Quality Index

Journal of Water Engineering and Management, 2020

In the present paper, geochemical characteristics of groundwater have been studied using Water Quality Index (WQI) and Piper trilinear diagram. The water quality index offers a quantitative representation of overall quality of water for any intended use and helps in pollution abatement programmes and management. Whereas, the Piper diagram shows graphical representation of the hydrochemical facies of a set of water samples. In the present work, twenty-five groundwater samples were collected from various locations in the Bijnor district. The samples were investigated for pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, carbonate, bicarbonate, chloride, sulphate, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, total hardness, fluoride and trace metals. The Piper trilinear diagram showed ++ - that groundwater of the district is Ca-Mg-HCO type. Ca and HCO were found dominant ions among cations and 3 3 anions, respectively. The WQI was found in the range of 71 to 8...