TRIBOLOGICAL FEATURES OF REFINED, BLEACHED AND DEODOURISED (RBD) PALM OLEIN BLENDS WITH MINERAL OIL (original) (raw)
Related papers
TRIBOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE OF REFINED, BLEACHED AND DEODORISED PALM OLEIN BLENDS BIO-LUBRICANTS
JOURNAL OF OIL PALM RESEARCH, 2016
Vegetable oils have been investigated to replace petroleum lubricants due to their environmental-friendly characteristics and have become a vital source of bio-lubricants. In the investigation of the tribological characteristics of palm oil as the vegetable oil, using in its neat form or as partial bio-lubricants, a reciprocating machine was employed. Initially, refined, bleached and deodorised (RBD) palm olein with mineral oil blends were optimised using the design of experiments procedure from the outcomes of the four ball tribotester. The optimised blend was found to have characteristics that were better or at par with mineral oil. Then, a reciprocating machine was used for verifying the blend. In the investigation of the optimised blend, the sample was tested for a total of 60 hr in intermittent operation. Other than having similar viscosity for the ISO requirements, the optimised blend demonstrates decreased in the values of material weight loss and cylinder temperatures as compared with mineral oil. Finally, it is concluded that the RBD palm olein blend (E53.11/RB46.89) could be a potential partial bio-lubricant due to having no negative impact on wear and decent performance as a bio-lubricator.
Tribological features of refined, deodorized and bleached palm olein with mineral oil blend
Vegetable oils have been investigated to replace petroleum-based lubricants due to its environment-friendly characteristics and these oils have become an important source of biolubricants. For the purpose of ensuring the ability of the vegetable oils as a neat or partially biolubricant, an image processing techniques were employed for exploring the tribological characteristics of the vegetable oil with the mineral oil blend. The refined, bleached and deodorized, palm olein blended with the mineral oils was investigated using both four ball tribotester and the design of experiments from volumetric blending ratio of 20 to 80 %. An optimized value E53.11/RB46.89 was obtained from the investigation, all which were in compliant according to the ASTM D4172 standard. From the results, the E53.11/RB46.89 blend reduces the friction coefficient, wear scar diameter as well as the material lost in comparison with neat mineral oil. It is concluded that the E53.11/RB46.89 blend could be a potential partial bio-lubricant due to its negligible negative impact on wear and give satisfactory performance as a lubricant.
Graphical abstract Abstract Vegetable oils are sustainable fluids which have been promoted to replace petroleum-based oils due to its environment friendly characteristics; it is being a very important supply of biolubricant. The excellent advantage of vegetable oil is the fact it is really which can be used environment friendly supplier. In addition, vegetable oil based lubricant clearly show the possibility to minimize carbon monoxide also hydrocarbon emissions when used in IC engines. There are basically two different ways to using vegetable oil to be a bio-lubricant, either one by directly use the pure vegetable oil with additives or use certain blending ratio of vegetable oil with mineral lubricant. In this paper, the influences of the blending ratio of mineral oil with RBD palm olein on the tribological characteristics were investigated and compared with commercial lubricant oil by using the four ball tribotester. The blending ratio was varied from neat with interval of 20% by volume. All experimental works were conforming to ASTM D4172. The results exhibited that the blend of RBD palm olein with commercial lubricant oil has lower the wear scar of ball bearings and coefficient of friction compared to commercial lubricant oil. As a conclusion, the blending of RBD palm olein with commercial lubricant oil has better performance compared to commercial lubricant oil or pure RBD palm olein. Keywords: RBD palm olein; blending ratio; wear scar diameter; coefficient of friction; flash temperature parameter
Vegetable oils are bio-fluids that could replace petroleum-based products due to its environment friendly characteristics and becoming an important source of bio-lubricants. The great advantage of vegetable oils is that they are widely available, renewable source of bio-lubricants. Moreover, vegetable oil based lubricant have shown the potential to reduce carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon emissions when operated in engines. There are two ways to use vegetable oil as a biolubricant, either use directly the neat vegetable oil without any additives or use with certain blending ratio of the vegetable oil with mineral lubricant. In this paper, the influences of the normal load on the tribological characteristics for the blending of two types of vegetable oils were investigated and compared with commercial lubricant oil by the use of the four ball tribotester. The vegetable blends are RBD palm olein and Jatropha oil ratio of RBD40/J60. All experimental works were conforming to ASTM D4172. The results exhibited that the both blending of RBD palm olein and Jatropha oil has lower the wear scar of ball bearings and coefficient of friction compared to commercial lubricant oil. As a conclusion, the blending of RBD palm olein and Jatropha oil has better performance compared to commercial lubricant oil or neat RBD palm olein.
Effect of mechanical factors on tribological properties of palm oil methyl ester blended lubricant
Wear, 2000
The effects of mechanical factors viz. applied load and temperature on the tribological performance of 5% palm oil methyl ester (POME) blended lubricant were studied using a steel-cast iron pair. Wear and frictional measurements were made using a stationary steel ball and a reciprocating cast iron plate in a modified universal wear and friction testing machine. The test conditions were contact pressure, 400 MPa; mean contact velocity, 0.34 m/s; reciprocating stroke, 80 mm; loads, 100-1100 N (fixed temperature); and temperature, 40-140°C (fixed load). Wear scar surfaces were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to understand the wear mechanisms involved. Analysis of post bench test lubricating oils was performed using an ISL viscometer and TAN/TBN analyzers to investigate the lubricating oil degradation properties. Results showed that at lower loads (up to 500 N) and temperatures (up to 100°C), the wear rates under 5% POME lubricant are lower, whereas at higher loads and temperatures, the wear rates are higher. The friction behavior of POME as an additive in commercial lubricant indicates the prevalence of the boundary lubrication regime. The viscosity test results showed that 5% POME can improve the viscosity index (VI) properties of mineral-based lubricant up to 500 N load. However, in this investigation, corrosive wear and pits on the damaged surface are the dominant wear mode at higher temperature. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. The effects of mechanical factors viz. applied load and temperature on the tribological performance of 5% palm oil methyl ester (POME) blended lubricant were studied using a steel-cast iron pair. Wear and frictional measurements were made using a stationary steel ball and a reciprocating cast iron plate in a modified universal wear and friction testing machine. The test conditions were contact pressure, 400 MPa; mean contact velocity, 0.34 m/s; reciprocating stroke, 80 mm; loads, 100-1100 N (fixed temperature); and temperature, 40-140 °C (fixed load). Wear scar surfaces were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to understand the wear mechanisms involved. Analysis of post bench test lubricating oils was performed using an ISL viscometer and TAN/TBN analyzers to investigate the lubricating oil degradation properties. Results showed that at lower loads (up to 500 N) and temperatures (up to 100 °C), the wear rates under 5% POME lubricant are lower, whereas at higher loads and temperatures, the wear rates are higher. The friction behavior of POME as an additive in commercial lubricant indicates the prevalence of the boundary lubrication regime. The viscosity test results showed that 5% POME can improve the viscosity index (VI) properties of mineral-based lubricant up to 500 N load. However, in this investigation, corrosive wear and pits on the damaged surface are the dominant wear mode at higher temperature. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0043164800003197#
Materials Science Forum, 2017
Sustainable manufacturing has become popular among manufacturers and industrialists due to the increase in environmental issues, health impacts and stringent law enforcement. The use of vegetable oils as metalworking fluids is one way to implement manufacturing sustainability. Palm oils are commonly used as cooking oils. Further, palm oil is also the main oil sources in Southeast Asia besides petroleum. Therefore, the potential use of palm oil as functional lubricant for future replacement of petroleum-based oil is indeed important. In this study, the refined, bleached and deodorized (RBD) palm olein has been formulated into various properties of modified RBD palm oil (MRPO) by transesterification process at different molar ratio of RBD methyl ester (FAME) with trimethylolpropane (TMP). Next, the MRPOs are compared with synthetic ester on lubrication and tribology tests according to standard based on American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). The results observed that MRPO h...
Modifications Required for Palm Oil to be Qualified as a Mechanical Lubricant
International Journal of Manufacturing, Materials, and Mechanical Engineering
Adaptation of apt chemical modifications and incorporation of suitable additives, especially, nano-additives, could improve the properties of bio-lubricants derived from palm oil. This makes it one of the best alternatives to mineral oil lubricants. Possible chemical modifications are hydrogenation, esterification/ transesterification, epoxidation and metathesis. Feasible additives and nano-additives available in the market for minimizing the drawbacks of palm oil as a lubricant are ionic liquids, phosphorus, sulphur, zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate, metal, metal oxides, metal sulphides, carbonates, borates, carbon materials, organic materials, hexagonal boron nitride, alumina, CaO, CuO, ZnO, TiO2 and lanthanum borates. Few of them may not be environmental friendly. In line with market potentials and demand, it could be predicted that ROI of funding for the research and development of palm oil as a bio-lubricant may be significantly high. The study addresses tribological performance an...
Investigation on the Use of Palm Olein as Lubrication Oil
2006
The research work is on the possibility of producing lubricating oil from vegetable oil with palm olein as a case study. The sample analysed was obtained from Vandeikya Local Government Area of Benue State. Some of the physical and chemical properties such as viscosity, flash/fire point, pour point and specific gravity were analysed. This sample was bleached to remove the red colour (carotene) and gummy materials. The bleached sample was tested to determine the above mentioned properties. Comparison of the crude palm olein and the bleached sample with the conventional lubricants obtained from Elf Plc, Kaduna and Unipetrol Plc, Kaduna was made. Finally, it was discovered that the crude palm olein and the bleached sample exhibit a good base as a
Evaluation of the Lubricating Properties of Palm Oil
2010
There has been an increase in effort to reduce the reliance on petroleum fuels for energy generation and transportation throughout the world. Among the proposed alternative fuels is biodiesel. Over the years, a little attention was paid to the industrial use of palm oil. Laboratory tests such as viscosity, fire point, flash point, pour point and densities were conducted on raw palm oil and bleached palm oil using standard procedures. The flash points of palm oil and the bleached sample are 250 and 301°C while their fire points are 260 and 308°C while the flash and fire points of the SAE 40 and SAE 30 are 260/300(°C) and 243/290(°C) respectively. It was discovered that palm oil has a better prospect as lubricating oil if necessary improvements are made.