protectiona and security aspect of the children in Bangladesh (original) (raw)

A Critical Assessment of the Minimum Age Convention 138 of 1973 and the Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention 182 of 1999

Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad, 2014

122 / 614 A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE MINIMUM AGE CONVENTION 138 OF 1973 AND THE WORST FORMS OF CHILD LABOUR CONVENTION 182 OF 1999 RA Mavunga  1 Background The International Labour Organisation (ILO) (2010) estimates that there could be more than 306 million children worldwide currently involved in work. 1 Of those children, 215 million are considered to be child labourers. 2 Of the percentage of children who are child labourers, 115 million are exposed to hazardous conditions. 3 Such figures are merely estimates as precise numbers of children in labour are difficult to decipher because many cases of child labour go unreported. 4 Children work in informal settings where they participate in activities such as scavenging, shining shoes, or on family enterprises. 5 Such cases of child labour are not easily visible and are, thus, difficult to regulate. Children also work in the formal sector in a variety of industries such as in agriculture, manufacturing, fishing, construction, and domestic services. 6 The ILO estimates that, of all child labourers, about two thirds (64 percent) are unpaid family workers, while only 21 percent are involved in paid employment, and five percent are self-employed. Children in the rural areas are more likely to work than children in the urban areas. 7 The child labour distribution by

The child labor situation in the commercial and construction sectors in Bangladesh

2012

The participation of under-aged children as child labor in multifarious work-activities is a widespread phenomena throughout the world. Although, child labor is legally restricted in many countries of the world, yet the International Labor Organization (ILO) estimated that there were about 40 million children below 15 years of age who were engaged in paid employment in 1985; and in spite of repeated penalties declared by many nations, the number still remained at 34 million until 1988 (see Jomo 1992). A recent ILO survey indicated that 73 million world’s children are employed as an equivalent to 13 per cent of those aged 10 to 14 is another example of this issue (see ILO 1996). As we come to accept the fact that there are millions of under-aged children who are employed as potential labor-force throughout the world, the imposition of laws could not however, control the family employment when people find it an easy means to circumvent the regulations. It is therefore quite likely tha...

Socio Economic Conditions of Child Labourers in Pakistan: Evidence from the Labour Force Survey

THE LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS, 2004

Child labour has emerged as a serious, widespread and growing problem in many parts of the world. Asia has a large number of children employed as child labourers. Child Labour Survey 1996 reports that there are 3.3 million children working between the ages of 5 and 14 years in Pakistan. Developed countries have linked trade with child labour through the Harkin Bill and the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Agreement (1994), which banned the market manufactured or mined goods produced in whole or in part by children under 15 years of age. Pakistan is also facing restrictions on some of its exports due to allegations of child labour. However, Pakistan has enacted the Employment of Children Act of 1991, which has banned employment of children below the age of 14 years.