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Enterobacteriaceae in Some Fresh and Marine Fish
Benha Veterinary Medical Journal, 2018
A total of 100 random samples of fresh and marine fishes represented by Tilapia niloticus, Mugil cephalus, Sardine and Barboni (25 0f each) were collected from the different fish markets located in Gharbia governorate. All collected samples were subjected to bacteriological examination for isolation and identification of Enterobacteriaceae. The results revealed that the total Enterobacteriaceae counts in the examined samples of fresh and marine fish were varied from 1.4×10 3 to 5.7×10 4 with a mean value (1.9×10 4)cfu/g for Oreochromis niloticus ,7.0×10 2 to 2.40 ×10 4 with a mean value (9.06×10 3)cfu/g for Mugil cephalus , 4.0×10 2 to 8.9×10 3 with a mean value, 4.25×10 3 cfu/g for Sardine , 1.0×10 2 to 3.30 ×10 3 with a mean value (1.18×10 3)cfu/g for Barboni. Also, Salmonella species were recovered from 24 %, 20 %, 8% and 8 % of the examined samples of O. niloticus, Mugil cephalus, Sardine and Barboni, respectively. Enterobacteriaceae count, Coliform count and the isolated Salmonella organisms as well as the public health significance were discussed and the prophylactic measures to reduce contamination in fish were recommended The work was aimed to study occurrence of Enterobacteriaceae in fish sold in different fish markets located in Gharbia governorate.
2016
Aquatic environments are the major reservoirs of Salmonella. Therefore, fishery products have been recognized as a major carrier of food-borne organism. Fish is known to harbor bacteria of public health significance. Aquatic environments are known to influence the bacterial loads in the harvested fish. The present work was undertaken for molecular detection and characterization of Salmonella species isolated from fresh fishes sold in different markets of Jamalpur,Tangail, Kishoreganj and Netrokona districts of Bangladesh. The isolates were identified by their morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics with standard reference organisms, and molecular methods. Out of 20 pangas fish (Pangasius spp.) samples the number of samples found to be positive for Salmonella spp. was 14 (70%); of 20 koi fish (Anabas spp.) samples this number was 17 (85%); and of 20 tilapia fish (Oreochromis spp.) samples it was 15 (75%). All the isolates of Salmonella were confirmed by targeting genus specific histidine transport operon gene. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed to know the susceptibility and resistance patterns of the isolates to different antimicrobial agents. Results of antimicrobial susceptibility test shows that 40 (86.95%) isolates were found to be resistant to azithromycin, 42 (91.30%) were resistant to erythromycin. On the other hand all isolates were 100% susceptible to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin, 38 (82.62%) were susceptible to norfloxacin, 40 (86.95%) were susceptible to streptomycin. INTRODUCTION With a population of more than 30,000 known species, fish forms the biggest group in the animal kingdom that is used for the production of animal-based foods. About 700 of these species are commercially fished and used for food production. Furthermore, some 100 crustacean and 100 molluscan species (for example mussels, snails and cephalopods) are processed as food for humans in fish industry. However, some fishery product processed in a modern fish industry which is a technologically advanced and complicated industry in line with any other food industry, and with the same risks of product being contaminated with pathogenic organisms. Fish is a popular food item in Bangladeshi food menu. It provides good source of animal protein. This sector contributes 60% of the daily per capita animal protein intake, 22.60% of agricultural GDP, and 3.69% of total GDP. Total fish production in Bangladesh in 2013-14 was 3548 thousand metric tons, of which 83.20 % was from inland fisheries and 16.80% was from marine fisheries (Bangladesh Economic Review, 2015). Bacteria present in fish are responsible for economic loss due to mortality. Some pathogens are also known to cause zoonotic disease to the handlers and final consumers. Human infection results from contamination of hands and utensils during processing operations especially at evisceration. Fishes are also known to transmit Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Aeromonas spp. which are the causal agent of human food borne infection and intoxication (Gold and Salit, 1993). Bacteria found in fish are classified into non-indigenous and indigenous bacteria. The non-indigenous bacteria include Clostridium botulinum, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp. and E. coli. On the other hand, indigenous bacteria include
Studies on the Prevalence of E.Coli and Salmonella in Mullet Fish from Different Sources
Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2017
A total of 120 samples of mullet fish were collected from three different sources; marine water (Port Said), fresh water (Kafr ElZayate) and farms (Kafr Elshiekh) (40 samples from each). The samples were examined for the presence of E. coli and Salmonella. Thirty-Seven E. coli isolates (21 from gills, and 16 from muscles) and fifty-six Salmonella isolates (31 from gills, and 25 from muscles) were identified by culture, biochemical analysis. The isolates were studied for their antimicrobial susceptibility using 12 Antibiotics that are mainly used in the veterinary field. E. coli isolates were highly sensitive to Amikacin (100%) and ciprofloxacin (97.3%) while resistant to Streptomycin and Doxycycline. Salmonella isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin (100%) and resistant to Nalidexic acid and Streptomycin. High multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index was detected in E. coli and Salmonella isolates from fresh water fish. By using PCR, the aadA2 gene responsible for resistance to Streptomycin was detected in the examined isolates.
Isolation of Salmonella and Shigella from fish harvested from the Winam Gulf of Lake Victoria, Kenya
The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 2009
Background: Human infections caused by pathogens transmitted from fish are quite common. The aim of this study was to isolate enteric pathogenic bacteria from fish that might be transmitted to humans after the handling or consumption of such fish. Methodology: One hundred and twenty Nile tilapia fish harvested using various fishing methods were collected from fishermen in five fish landing beaches within Winam Gulf and disinfected externally using 70% ethyl alcohol for 2 minutes then washed three times with autoclaved distilled water. Isolation of Salmonella and Shigella species from fish samples was performed using standard bacteriological procedures. Five milliliters of each fish tissue slurry was microbiologically analyzed for any Enterobacteriaceae. Twelve Nile tilapia collected from three open-air markets were analyzed for Enterobacteriaceae comparison as controls. Identification of Salmonella by using housekeeping genes and species-specific primers was performed. Results: Among 120 Nile tilapia, 63 (52.5%) were infected with Enterobacteriaceae. Out of these, 25 (39.7%) were Shigella spp, 9 (14.3%) Salmonella typhimurium, 7 (11.1%) S. typhi, 4 (6.3%) S. enteritidis, 16 (25.4%) Escherichia coli, 1 (1.6%) Proteus spp. and Enterobacter aerogenes respectively. Ten fish collected from open-air markets yielded E. coli (50%), S. typhimurium (20%), S. paratyphi (10%) and S. typhi (20%). Conclusion: Nile tilapia within Winam Gulf are infected by human enteric pathogens. Shigella spp., Salmonella and E. coli were the most frequently isolated, an indication that the beaches may be contaminated by untreated municipal sewage, runoff, and storm-water. S. typhimurium, S. typhi and S. enteritidis were the most common Salmonella isolates.
Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal, 2017
Bacteriological examination of 400 fish samples taken from Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus), Clarias gariepinus, Cyprinus carpio.l (Common carp) and Mugil cephalus (100 from each) revealed isolation of (317) bacterial isolates, which were identified as 171 E.coli isolates and 146 Salmonella sp isolates with an incidence of (53.94% and 46.06 %) respectively. The incidence of E.coli and Salmonella spp. differ among different species of fish under investigation, the higher percentage of bacterial isolates observed in Clarias garipinas (53.31%), followed by (29.97 %), Cyprinus carpio.l (11.99 %), and the lower incidence was observed in Mugil cephalus (4.73%). Frequency distribution of isolated bacteria from the surface lesions and internal organs of examined fish and the antibacterial susceptibility to different chemotherapeutic agents were discussed. PCR based technique was used in identification of E. coli and Salmonella sp., the results showed that E. coli O26 & O111 were positive strains for stx1, stx2 and eaeA genes, E. coli O55 was positive strain for stx2 and eaeA genes, E. coli O91 & O103 were positive strains for stx1 and stx2 genes, E. coli O119 was positive strain for stx2 gene, E. coli O124 was positive strain for eaeA gene and E. coli O128 was positive strain for stx1 gene. In case of Salmonella sp, S. Typhimurium strain was positive for stn, invA and hilA genes, S. Enteritidis strains was positive for stn, invA and hilA genes, S. Virchow strain was positive for invA gene, S. Typhi strain was positive for invA and hilA genes and S. Infantis strain was positive for invA genes.
A Review of Salmonella sp. In Tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus): Public Health Importance
Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 2020
Tilapia fish or Oreochromis niloticus is a food security commodity from the fisheries sector and is traded internationally, but in Asian countries tilapia aquaculture is mostly maintained using traditional systems, besides that homemade feed is used to reduce production costs. Cultivation of tilapia with traditional systems and artificial feed that is integrated with other livestock has the potential to cause the danger of transmitting zoonotic pathogens from other livestock manure and feed residue. Salmonella sp. which is one of the zoonotic pathogens that can be transmitted from tilapia. The use of antibiotics in livestock and cultivation causes Salmonella sp. able to withstand some antibiotics. Salmonellosis in humans has become an important public health problem, incurring significant economic and medical costs worldwide. The incidence of salmonellosis due to fish consumption has become a concern of public health agencies in several countries, because increased consumption of fishery products, especially raw products, increases the risk. Pathogen exposure, especially in vulnerable groups, such as the elderly, has increased significantly. pregnant women and babies. The importance of this pathogen in fish can be assessed and evaluated, as records show that most Salmonella infections in humans are related to fish consumption.
Isolation of Salmonella and Shigella from fish harvested from the Winam
2014
Background: Human infections caused by pathogens transmitted from fish are quite common. The aim of this study was to isolate enteric pathogenic bacteria from fish that might be transmitted to humans after the handling or consumption of such fish. Methodology: One hundred and twenty Nile tilapia fish harvested using various fishing methods were collected from fishermen in five fish landing beaches within Winam Gulf and disinfected externally using 70 % ethyl alcohol for 2 minutes then washed three times with autoclaved distilled water. Isolation of Salmonella and Shigella species from fish samples was performed using standard bacteriological procedures. Five milliliters of each fish tissue slurry was microbiologically analyzed for any Enterobacteriaceae. Twelve Nile tilapia collected from three open-air markets were analyzed for Enterobacteriaceae comparison as controls. Identification of Salmonella by using housekeeping genes and species-specific primers was performed. Results: Amo...
2018
This study was undertaken to determine total viable count (TVC), total salmonella count (TSC) and total vibrio count (TVibC) in fresh fishes collected from markets of Mymensingh, Gazipur and Sherpur districts. Isolation and identification of Salmonella spp. and Vibrio spp. was also done from pangas (n=20), tilapia (n=20) and koi (n=20) collected from different markets of Mymensingh, Gazipur and Sherpur districts. Samples were cultured on plate count agar to determine TVC, xylose-lysine deoxycholate agar (XLD) to determine TSC and thiosulfate citrate bile salt sucrose agar (TCBS) to determine TVibC. The mean value of logarithm colony forming units (CFU±SD/g) of TVC, TSC and TVibC in pangas were log 9.090.616, log 5.320.391 & log 3.140.557CFU/g; log 8.460.441, log 5.260.589 & log 3.590.823 CFU/g and log 7.580.466, log 3.280.493 & log 2.880.386 CFU/g of Mymensingh, Gazipur and Sherpur, respectively. Similarly, the mean values of TVC, TSC and TVibC in tilapia were log 6.600.790, log 3.590.388 & log 3.750.176 CFU/g; log 6.550.553, log 3.260.502 & log 3.670.021 CFU/g and log 6.740.372, log 3.440.411 & log 3.050.609 CFU/g of Mymensingh, Gazipur and Sherpur, respectively and in koi were log 7.510.537, log 3.490.459 & log 3.350.390 CFU/g; log 7.660.752, log 3.250.465 & log 3.590.581 CFU/g and log 7.130.393, log 3.270.384 & log 3.430.297 CFU/g of Mymensingh, Gazipur and Sherpur respectively. The targeted Vibrio spp. and Salmonella spp. were isolated and identified from collected fishes. All the isolates of Salmonella were confirmed by targeting genus specific histidine transport operon gene. Antimicrobial sensitivity test was done for all the isolates of Salmonella and Vibrio species by disc diffusion method. Out of forty five isolates of Salmonella, seven were found multidrug resistant. The bacteria isolated from fish were of public health significance as well as responsible for spoilage of fish.
Consumption of contaminated fish lead to many of zoonotic bacterial diseases causes severe problems to human health. So, this study aimed to isolate some zoonotic bacteria from fish markets including E. coli, Pseudomonas, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococci. This study was carried-out on four hundred samples of fish species classified as; Clarias gariepinus, Cyprinus carpio (common carp), Mugil cephalus and Oreochromis niloticu (tilapia) (100 of each). These fishes were obtained from different markets located in Eastern Delta governorates, Egypt. The fishes were subjected to clinical and bacteriological examinations to identify the types of bacterial isolates. The current results indicated that higher incidence of bacterial isolates was observed in Clarias garipinus, followed by common carp, Mugil cephalus and while low incidence was reported by O. niloticus. Although, Pseudomonas, Streptococci, Salmonella spp. recorded higher loads, while lower was reported by E. coli and Staphylococci were observed the public health impotence of zoonotic spp. Isolates were discussed. INTRODUCTION Fish is considered one of the most nutritive and highly desirable foodstuffs as fish meat has excellent nutritional value being rich in proteins, vitamins and unsaturated fatty acids. It is also extremely perishable and the safe consumption requires adequate sanitary conditions from the moment of catch, through preparation, sale and consumption (Alghabban, 2014). The most popular freshwater fish species in Egypt are Oreochromis niloticus, Bagrus bayad and Clarias lazera. The fish flesh, which is the main edible part, the majority of fish infections are usually related to exposed stress. Most food borne illness caused by Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Escherichia coli, usually related to fish consumption. Human infection by fish pathogens is usually through contact with abraded skin, with infected fish while handling or with water or other constituents of an aquatic environment (Acha and Szyfres, 2001; Gauthier, 2014).
Consumption of contaminated fish lead to many of zoonotic bacterial diseases causes severe problems to human health. So, this study aimed to isolate some zoonotic bacteria from fish markets including E. coli, Pseudomonas, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococci. This study was carried-out on four hundred samples of fish species classified as; Clarias gariepinus, Cyprinus carpio (common carp), Mugil cephalus and Oreochromis niloticu (tilapia) (100 of each). These fishes were obtained from different markets located in Eastern Delta governorates, Egypt. The fishes were subjected to clinical and bacteriological examinations to identify the types of bacterial isolates. The current results indicated that higher incidence of bacterial isolates was observed in Clarias garipinus, followed by common carp, Mugil cephalus and while low incidence was reported by O. niloticus. Although, Pseudomonas, Streptococci, Salmonella spp. recorded higher loads, while lower was reported by E. coli and Staphylococci were observed the public health impotence of zoonotic spp. Isolates were discussed.