The Effect of Temperature on the Migration of Phthalate Plasticizers from Plastic Sachet into Water (original) (raw)
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Migration of phthalates from plastic products to model solutions
Collegium antropologicum, 2003
The aim of this investigation was to determine the level and rate of migration of phthalates, compounds used as plastic softeners, from various plastic products into model solutions and to assess the possible adverse effects of the phthalate amounts released on human health, thus to contribute to harmonization of the opinions on the maximal allowed human exposure to these compounds through environmental factors. Nine specimens of plastic toys, 16 specimens of plastic food containers and 10 specimens of other plastic consumer goods were analyzed. The specimens of plastic products were submitted to 10-day action of model solutions. Three model solutions were used: distilled water, 10% ethyl alcohol, and 3% acetic acid. Identification and quantification of the phthalates released were performed by the method of gas chromatography on days 1, 5 and 10 of exposure, at a detection limit of 0.005 microgram/kg. On day 10, the highest level of released phthalates (54.5 mg/kg) was measured in ...
This work is an attempt to monitor the most recent hazards of phthalate(s) in bottled drinking water recently consumed in Egyptian markets. A simple and reliable method using GC-MS was validated and applied to detect the most common phthalate esters used in the manufacturing of different sizes of bottles of drinking water. Data of method validation showed that the linear range of the GC-MS calibration of the concentrations of 25, 50 & 100 ug/ ml, had a mean correlation coefficient of 0.991 ± 0.016. The detection limit was < 25 ng./ ul. and the recovery percentages were 90.6 6.9 depending upon the type of phthalate congener. An experimental nested classification design, include the variables of 3 different commercial brands of bottled water in 3 different bottle sizes (1, 3 & 5 liters) stored at 3 different time that, all the random collected samples of the 3 different brands were proved to be phthalate(s)-free at the intervals of 1 and 3 months of production date. By advancing storage time, traces of di-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and din- octyl phthalate (DOP) were determined in small and medium bottled samples of 2 of the tested brands at the interval of 6 month storage. It's worthy to mention that the common used plasticizers had only commercial names with no reference to the contents and/ or the percentages of its components of phthalate esters, which makes the process of inspection or tracing the contaminants very difficult. Thus, further work is recommended to confirm the relation between storage period, temperature and the released phthalate congeners.
Study on the leaching of phthalates from polyethylene terephthalate bottles into mineral water
Science of The Total Environment, 2013
Carbonated and non-carbonated mineral water samples bottled in 0.5-L, 1.5-L and 2.0-L polyethylene terephthalate (PET) containers belonging to three different water brands commercialized in Hungary were studied in order to determine their phthalate content by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Among the six investigated phthalates, diisobutyl phthalate, din -butyl-phthalate, benzyl-butyl phthalate and di(2-ethyl-hexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were determined in non-carbonated samples as follows: <3.0 ng L-1-0.2 μg L-1 , <6.6
Leaching of phthalate esters from different drinking stuffs and their subsequent biodegradation
Environmental science and pollution research international, 2017
Phthalate esters (PAEs) are mainly used as plasticizers, and their release in the environment during the manufacturing, use, and disposal has caused serious environmental health concerns, since some of them are suspected to be mutagens, hepatotoxic agents, and carcinogens. In the present study, leaching of PAEs from different drinking stuffs (water cooler, mineral water bottles) exposed to sunlight and baby feeders subjected to different heating treatments (boiling, autoclave and oven) was studied. Results showed that a total of 10 PAEs were leached and identified. Among them, dimethyl phthalate, bis(2-methoxyethyl) phthalate, diethyl phthalate, and dibutyl phthalate were the major leached PAEs found in the range 9-112.50 μg L(-1). Boiling treatment was found safer for baby feeders as PAE leaching was ~26-54% less as compared to other two treatments. The leached PAEs in water samples were then subjected to biodegradation experiment with Bacillus thuringiensis strain at optimized con...
Fate of four phthalate plasticizers under various wastewater treatment processes
Journal of environmental science and health. Part A, Toxic/hazardous substances & environmental engineering, 2018
The fate of four phthalate plasticizers during wastewater treatment processes at six different wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) was investigated. Concentrations of benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), diisononyl phthalate (DiNP), and diisodecyl phthalate (DiDP) were determined prior to either aerobic or anaerobic (conventional and advanced) treatment, after treatment, and in final, dewatered solids. Despite their elevated use worldwide, the fate of DiNP and DiDP during wastewater treatment have not been well characterized. DEHP was readily degraded during aerobic treatments while anaerobic digestion resulted in either no significant change in concentrations or an increase in concentration, in the case of more advanced anaerobic processes (thermal hydrolysis pretreatment and a two-phase acid/gas process). Impacts of the various treatment systems on DiNP, DiDP, and BBP concentrations were more varied - anaerobic digestion led to significant decreases, in...
Migration of phthalate-based plasticizers from PVC and non-PVC containers and medical devices
Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 2012
A presença de cinco plastificantes derivados de ftalatos em equipamentos para administração intravenosa de soluções e em hemodialisadores (HD), que são feitos tanto de policloreto de vinila (PVC) quanto de outros materiais poliméricos, foi investigada. Destes ftalatos, o único autorizado por agências reguladoras é o di-(2-etilhexil) ftalato (DEHP) em equipamentos de PVC. A determinação foi feita por chromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC) com detecção UV. Os resultados mostraram que as bolsas para infusão que são feitas tanto de PVC quanto de etil vinil acetato (EVA) contêm apenas DEHP. Entretanto, as mangueiras dos equipos de infusão e dos HD, bem como as fibras capilares dos HD feitas de celulose, contêm não só DEHP, mas também ftalato de dibutila (DBP). Todos os cinco ftalatos investigados foram encontrados nos capilares dos HD feitos de polisulfona. A migração de DEHP para soluções (aminoácidos, glicose e salina) armazenadas em bolsas ocorreu com taxas diferentes para os dois polímeros. Enquanto que para as bolsas de PVC o DEHP foi encontrado em soluções já nos primeiros dias de contato, para as bolsas de EVA a migração iniciou após aproximadamente 6 meses de armazenamento. Como os dispositivos analisados, com exceção das bolsas, contém, além do DHEP, outros ftalatos, o risco posto aos pacientes deve ser motivo de preocupação. The presence of five plasticizer phthalates in bags and sets for intravenous administration and hemodialyzers (HD), which are made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and of other polymeric materials, was investigated. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in PVC is the only authorized phthalate by regulatory agencies. Phthalate determination was carried out by high resolution liquid chromatograph (HPLC) with UV detection. The results showed that the infusion bags that are made of both PVC and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) contained only DEHP. In contrast, the tubing of infusion sets and of HD (as well as the cellulose capillaries of HD) contained not only DEHP but also dibutyl phthalate (DBP). Moreover, all five investigated phthalates were found in HD polysulfone capillaries. Migration of DEHP into the stored solutions (amino acids, glucose and saline) in bags occurred at different rates from one polymer to another. While DEHP from PVC bags was found in solutions within the first days of contact, the migration from EVA bags started only after approximately 6 months of solution storage. Since PVC and non-PVC devices (as well as capillaries of HD sets) contain DEHP and other phthalate-based plasticizers, the extent of the risk that they pose to patients remains a matter of concern.
Revisiting analysis of phthalate plasticizers concentration in poly(vinyl chloride)
Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology, 2014
The method of the efficient analysis of di(2-diethylhexyl) phthalate, tri(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate, di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate, and other phthalate plasticizers concentrations in plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) was developed. The method is based on quantitative dissolution of the PVC sample in methyl ethyl ketone with the consequent precipitation of PVC with hexane and concentration of phthalate in an organic layer. A capillary column-based gas chromatographic technique for phthalates separation and quantification was developed and used in conjunction with the PVC and phthalates dissolution technique. The developed method of phthalate plasticizers analysis proved to be relatively fast, reproducible, and straightforward. J.
A promising method for the quantitative determination of phthalate esters was optimized in nine different Jordanian commercial bottled water samples using liquid chromatography tandem -mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The present study described an efficient method for the determination of this compound using LC-MS/MS as the analysis technique. The compound was separated with C18 Thermo fisher gold column (100mm x 5µm) through a flow rate of 1ml/min using isocratic mobile phase). The method was validated using triplicate analyses, recovery experiment and statistical analysis. Liquid-liquid extraction was employed as a preconcentration step with methanol as the extraction solvent and methanol: ammonium acetate: de-ionized water: formic acid (68%:30%:2%:0.1%) as the mobile phase. The molecular ion was found to be m/z 390.56 and the base peak was found to be m/z 149. The correlation coefficient (R 2 ) was found to be 0.9996. The LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.02ng/ml and 0.06 ng/ml respectively. This method showed satisfactory recovery of 98.08%, CV of 0.960%, SD of 0.006, error of 0.929 and 95% CI of 0.960 + 0.007 . The ranges of the calculated concentrations of the commercial mineral bottled waters were found to be from 0.729-1.26ng/ml.
STUDY ON REMOVAL OF PHTHALATE FROM DRINKING WATER BOTTLES
Phthalates is used to improve the structural properties of drinking water bottles such as flexibility. Phthalate is considered as a dangerous carcinogen. The demand for the drinking water bottles (PET bottles) increases daily. Since there is no regulations about the industrial usage of phthalate in Sri Lanka the manufacturers add phthalates in products more than safer limits for the human body. Also the recycling of PET bottles are allowed in Sri Lanka and it makes a worse situation. So the investigation of applicable phthalates removal methods is a necessary requirement. Therefore this study is done for the removal of phthalate from drinking water bottles in Sri Lankan market due to its prejudicial situation. The first part of this study describes about what is phthalate, its physical and chemical properties and its molecular structure. The preparation method and the commercial names for the commonly used phthalate esters are also shown in the first part. The main uses of the phthalates, the arisen issues due to the uses of phthalates in worldwide and in Sri Lankan context are explained in the second chapter. Here the more concern is paid for the health and environmental issues. The different previous and existing removal techniques of phthalate from the water is considered in the third part of this study area. The advantages and disadvantages of these method are explained here to aware the applicability of these methods. Then the fourth part is used to describe the suggested new solar method and its applicability. The explanation of the solar bag and TiO2 is contained here. The special concern is paid for the enhanced properties of solar bag and TiO2 due the uses of Nano-technology. Finally the conclusion part is done mentioning the final results of the suggested phthalate removal method.
Evaluation of the Occurrence of Phthalates in Plastic Materials Used in Food Packaging
Applied Sciences, 2021
Phthalates are multifunctional synthetic chemicals found in a wide array of consumer and industrial products, mainly used to improve the mechanical properties of plastics, giving them flexibility and softness. In the European Union, phthalates are prohibited at levels greater than 0.1% by weight in most food packaging. In the current study, headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was optimized, through the multivariate optimization process, and validated to evaluate the occurrence of four common phthalates, di-iso-butyl phthalate (DIBP), butyl-benzyl phthalate (BBP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DOP), and 2,2,4,4-tetrabromodiphenyl (BDE), in different food packaging. The best extraction efficiency was achieved using the polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) fiber at 80 °C for 30 min. The validated method showed good linearity, precision (RSD < 13%), and recoveries (90.2 to 111%). The limit of detection (LOD) and...