Electrical and structural studies of lithium-ion battery (original) (raw)
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2017
Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are currently best energy storage devices providing rechargeable electrical storage to wide variety of applications-from portable electronics to automobiles. Though, these batteries are fully adopted, widely used and commercialized, but researchers are still extensively working on their constituent materials and developing technology to improve their performance. A major part of related research activities is devoted to the electrode of the battery for improvement in its performance thereby addressing issues like safety, lifetime, specific capacity, energy density and most importantly abundance and cost. There are number of cathode materials that have been proposed and tested at laboratory scale and subsequently utilized in commercialized batteries ever since the appearance of LIBs. Owing to the availability of improved computational resources in the last decade, first principles calculation has become a reliable tool and played a vital role to predict the material properties of electrodes prior to their experimental analysis. This review gives a comprehensive insight and thorough analysis of the global research effort s related to the cathode materials based on first principles framework, sheds light on current status of knowledge and explores the ways forward. Mr. Irslan Ullah is currently Persuing M.Phil. research degree at UOG. He is also coordinator of his research group, and DFT lab at University of Gujrat. He did the B.S. in Physics from UOG in 2015 and worked on monolayer materials especially Gd doped MoS 2 , He has also helped several junior group fellows to conduct their research work and analyse the results related to computational experiments on doping and defect study of materials. He has been working in energy storage devices and materials especially for Li ion batteries using computational techniques mainly DFT and Molecular Dynamics. Abdul Majid , Ph.D. in Physics, is a Tenured Associate Professor in (A. Majid). Miss Naema Rani is Student of B.S. (Hons) Physics at University of Gujrat and currently doing her B.S. Research in this department under supervision of Dr. Abdul Ma-jid with research on topic "Upgradation of cathode materials for lithium ion batteries''. Her research interests include exploring new energy materials using computational technique mainly focusing on Density Functional Theory (DFT). Currently she is working on energy storage devices based on pure and Gd Fe based LiFePO 4 and related materials. Though she is at the very beginning of her research carrier but she has gained good repute of a hardworking and active researcher.
Characterization of commercial Li-ion batteries using electrochemical–calorimetric measurements
Journal of Power Sources, 2000
Commercial Li-ion cells of Type 18650 dimensions and prismatic designs from different manufacturers have been tested to evaluate their performance and to study their thermal behavior using electrochemical-calorimetric methods. All cells tested in this work showed good performance and cyclability under normal operating conditions. The measured heat effect for the cells were exothermic during discharge and partially endothermic during charge. Cell impedance was measured for selected cells and showed some dependence on the state of charge or depth of discharge, with significant increase at the end of discharge due to concentration polarization. The entropy
2018
In this study, spinel LiMn2O4, Li1.025(Mn1.95Ni0.025Fe0.025)O4 and Li1.025(Mn1.9Ni0.025Fe0.05)O4 cathode materials were effectively synthesized by two steps solid state reaction method. The thermal, structural and electrochemical properties of thesecathode materials were characterized by Thermogravimetric and Differential thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTA),x-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Galvanostatic charge/discharge Test (GCDT).TGA/DTA analysis confirmed that 800 o C is the appropriate temperature for synthesizing LiMn2O4, Li1.025(Mn1.95Ni0.025Fe0.025)O4 and Li1.025(Mn1.9Ni0.025Fe0.05)O4 cathode materials using Li2CO3, Fe2O3, MnO2 and NiO precursors.The XRD analysis reveals that all synthesized spinel cathode materials are in cubic spinel structure with Fd-3m space group. From obtained XRD data, different structural parameters are also `suggested. To examine the surface morphology of the pure ...
2020
This article reviews the development of cathode materials for secondary lithium ion batteries since its inception with the introduction of lithium cobalt oxide in early 1980s. The time has passed and numerous cathode materials are designed and developed to realize not only the enhanced capacity but also the power density simultaneously. However, there are numerous challenges such as the cyclic stability of cathode materials, their structural and thermal stability, higher operating voltage together with high ionic and electronic conductivity for efficient ion and charge transport during charging and discharging. This article will cover the development of materials in chronological order classifying as the lithium ion cathode materials in different generations. The ternary oxides such as LiTMOx (TM=Transition Metal) are considered as the first generation materials, whereas modified ternary and quaternary oxide systems are considered as the second generation materials. The current i.e....
Elektrotechnik Und Informationstechnik, 2020
Thanks to its exceptional performance in terms of high energy and power density as well as long lifespan, the lithium-ion secondary battery is the most relevant electrochemical energy storage technology to meet the requirements for partial or full electrification of vehicles (plug-in hybrids or pure electric vehicles), and thanks to decreasing cost and ongoing technical improvements, it will maintain this role in the near to mid-term future. This study benchmarks eight different (five 21700 and three 18650 format) high-energy cylindrical cells concerning their suitability for automotive applications and aims to give a holistic overview and comparison between them. Therefore, an ante-mortem material analysis, a benchmark of electrical and thermal values as well as a cycle life study were carried out. The results show that even when applying similar concepts like Nickel-rich cathodes with graphite-based anodes, the cells show wide variations in their performance under the same test conditions.
Cathode Materials for Lithium-ion Batteries: A Brief Review
Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems, 2021
Layered lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 ) as a pioneer commercial cathode for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is unsuitable for the next generation of LIBs, which require high energy density, good rate performance, improved safety, low cost, and environmental friendliness. LiCoO 2 suffers from structural instability at a high level of delithiation and performance degradation when overcharged. Besides, cobalt, a significant constituent of LiCoO 2 is more costly and less environmentally friendly than other transition metals. Therefore, alternative cathode materials are being explored to replace LiCoO 2 as cathode materials for high-performance LIBs. These new cathode materials, including lithiated transition metal oxides, vanadium pentoxides, and polyanion-type materials, are reviewed in this study. The various challenges hampering the full integration of these cathode materials in commercial LIBs and viable solutions are emphasised.
Optimization of Cathode Material Components by Means of Experimental Design for Li-Ion Batteries
Journal of Electronic Materials, 2020
Table I. Review on studies on electrode preparation and cathode type Author Description Cathode Material References Dominko Uniform distribution of carbon black LCO, LFP, LMO Refs. 18-20 Zheng Cooperation between active material, binder and conductive carbon NCA Ref. 17 Chia-Chen Li Distribution of binder (water-based SBR/SCMC and organic-based PVDF) LCO Ref. 21 Bauer High shear Dry mixing Distribution of carbon black Additional graphite or carbon black and calendering Not mentioned Ref. 22 Fransson Carbon black and binder Not mentioned Ref. 27 Cao Surface modified graphite Not mentioned Ref. 28 Guy Binder PEO/CB ratio Li 2 V 3 O 8 Ref. 23 Li Carbon conductive additive with different dimensions (MWCNT, CB, graphite) LFP Ref. 29 Bockholt Processing Additive selection + slurry preparation + calendering NCM Ref. 24 Zhang Carbon nanomaterial Carbon black, super P, acetylene black, carbon nanofiber, carbon nanotubes Not Mentioned Ref. 25 Spahr Comparing carbon black (C45,C65) and graphite (KS6, KS6L,SFG6L) LCO Ref. 26 Optimization of Cathode Material Components by Means of Experimental Design for Li-Ion Batteries
Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal, 2015
There are technical barriers for penetration market requesting rechargeable lithium-ion battery packs for portable devices that operate in extreme hot and cold environments. Many portable electronics are used in very cold (-40 °C) environments, and many medical devices need batteries that operate at high temperatures. Conventional Li-ion batteries start to suffer as the temperature drops below 0 °C and the internal impedance of the battery increases. Battery capacity also reduced during the higher/lower temperatures. The present work describes the laboratory made lithium ion battery behaviour features at different operation temperatures. The pouch-type battery was prepared by exploiting LiCoO 2 cathode material synthesized by novel synthetic approach referred as Carbon Combustion Synthesis of Oxides (CCSO). The main goal of this paper focuses on evaluation of the efficiency of positive electrode produced by CCSO method. Performance studies of battery showed that the capacity fade of pouch type battery increases with increase in temperature. The experimental results demonstrate the dramatic effects on cell self-heating upon electrochemical performance. The study involves an extensive analysis of discharge and charge characteristics of battery at each temperature following 30 cycles. After 10 cycles, the battery cycled at RT and 45 °C showed, the capacity fade of 20% and 25% respectively. The discharge capacity for the battery cycled at 25 °C was found to be higher when compared with the battery cycled at 0 °C and 45 °C. The capacity of the battery also decreases when cycling at low temperatures. It was important time to charge the battery was only 2.5 hours to obtain identical nominal capacity under the charging protocol. The decrease capability of battery cycled at high temperature can be explained with secondary active material loss dominating the other losses.
Investigation of new types of lithium-ion battery materials
Journal of Power Sources, 2002
This paper reports part of the activities in progress in our laboratory in the investigation of electrode and electrolyte materials which may be of interest for the development of lithium-ion batteries with improved characteristics and performances. This investigation has been directed to both anode and cathode materials, with particular attention to convertible oxides and defect spinel-framework Li-insertion compounds in the anode area and layered mixed lithium±nickel±cobalt oxide and high voltage, metal type oxides in the cathode area. As for the electrolyte materials, we have concentrated the efforts on composite polymer electrolytes and gel-type membranes. In this work we report the physical, chemical and electrochemical properties of the defect spinel-framework Li-insertion anodes and of the high voltage, mixed metal type oxide cathodes, by describing their electrochemical properties in cells using either``standard'' liquid electrolytes and`a dvanced'' gel-type, polymer electrolytes.