A Spectrophotometric Analysis on Color Stability of Maxillofacial Silicone Elastomer Exposed Under Different Human And Environmental Conditions – An In Vitro Study (original) (raw)
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The Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society, 2017
Context:Surveys have reported color fading as the most frequent reasons patients given for disliking their prostheses.Aim:The aim of the study is to compare the color variation between two maxillofacial silicone elastomers after subjecting them to extraoral aging conditions.Subjects and Methods:A total of 80 samples were made from M511 Maxillofacial Rubber (Part A: Part B = 10:1) and Z004 Platinum Silicone Rubber (Part A: Part B = 1:1) and divided into two main Groups A and B (40 each). These main groups were then subdivided into five subgroups (A1B1, A2B2, A3B3, A4B4, and A5B5) (n = 8); outdoor weathering, acidic perspiration, sebum (for 6 months), and neutral soap and disinfectant (for 30 h), respectively. Baseline L*a*b* values were recorded. The samples were subjected to the extraoral aging conditions, and the L* a*b* values were recorded after the aging period using a spectrophotometer.Statistical Analysis:The intergroup comparison was done by Kruskal–Wallis test, whereas the intragroup comparison was done by Mann–Whitney test.ResultsAll groups exhibited visually detectable, mean color differences that ranged from 3.06–5.21, except for A4B4. There was no statistical significance between the two materials when subjected to extraoral aging conditions.Conclusions:Visually perceptible and clinically unacceptable color changes occur when exposed to various extraoral aging conditions except for neutral soap solution immersion, for which values of Δ E* were clinically acceptable (ΔE < 3). It can be said for all practical purposes, clinically, the choice between M511 Maxillofacial Rubber (Part A: Part B = 10:1) and Z004 Platinum Silicone Rubber (Part A: Part B = 1:1) would yield more or less the same results, with unacceptable norms in terms of color stability under extraoral aging conditions.
BMC Oral Health, 2019
Background: The inherent colour change in maxillofacial silicone elastomers becomes perceptible 6-12 months after fabrication. Determining the factors that accelerate the degradation of the prosthesis can help the clinicians increase its life span. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of time passage, processing temperature, and molding-stone colour on the colour change of maxillofacial silicone elastomers after darkroom storage for 6000 h. Methods: A total of ten study molds, each incorporating ten specimen gaps were fabricated using five different colors of dental stones. The gaps were filled with coloured Cosmesil M511 maxillofacial silicone elastomer. Five of the study molds, one of each stone color, were processed at room temperature (25°C) for 24 h while the remainder were vulcanized at 100°C for 1 h. Two stainless-steel molds were also fabricated to obtain a total of twenty controlgroup specimens of the same dimensions that were processed under the same conditions as the study molds. Colour measurements of the vulcanized silicone samples were performed using a Konica Minolta spectrophotometer. Initial measurements were obtained after the blocks were removed from the molds and the final measurements were recorded 6000 h after storage in the dark at 25°C and 40% relative humidity. The CIEDE2000 colour-difference formula was used to measure the changes in the colour. One-way and two-way ANOVA, and an independent-sample t-test were used for statistical assessments. Results: For every group, the colour change exceeded the perceptible thresholds. Thus, either the vulcanization temperature or the colour of the molding stone has a significant effect on the colour change over time. Those samples vulcanized in green and white molding stones at 100°C exhibited a significantly higher ΔL*, Δa*, and Δb* values relative to the samples vulcanized at room temperature. Conclusion: The molding-stone colour and vulcanization temperature both affect the degree of colour change after storage in a dark environment. The L*, a*, and b* values for the maxillofacial silicone elastomers are influenced by the direction of the increase or decrease according to the selected colour. This effect varies as the temperature increases.
Journal of Prosthodontics, 2011
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the color stability of MDX4-4210 maxillofacial elastomer with opacifier addition submitted to chemical disinfection and accelerated aging. Materials and Methods: Ninety specimens were obtained from Silastic MDX4-4210 silicone. The specimens were divided into three groups (n = 30): Group I: colorless, Group II: barium sulfate opacifier, Group III: titanium dioxide opacifier. Specimens of each group (n = 10) were disinfected with effervescent tablets, neutral soap, or 4% chlorhexidine gluconate. Disinfection was conducted three times a week for 2 months. Afterward, the specimens were submitted to different periods of accelerated aging. Color evaluation was carried out after 60 days (disinfection period) and after 252, 504, and 1008 hours of accelerated aging, using a reflection spectrophotometer. Color alterations were calculated by the CIE L * a * b * system. Data were analyzed by three-way ANOVA and Tukey test (α = 0.05). Results: Group II exhibited the lowest color change, whereas Group III the highest (p < 0.05), regardless of the chemical disinfection and accelerated aging periods. Conclusion: Opacifier addition, chemical disinfection, and accelerated aging procedures affected the color stability of the maxillofacial silicone.
Brazilian Oral Research, 2009
One of the greatest challenges faced by buccomaxillofacial prosthetists is to reproduce the patient's exact skin color and provide adequate esthetics. To reach this objective, professionals must use materials with easy characterization and that maintain color over long periods of time. The objective of this study was, thus, to evaluate the color stability of two types of silicones, Silastic 732 and Silastic MDX4-4210. Twenty-four test specimens were made from each type of silicone and were divided into a colorless group and groups intrinsically pigmented with ceramics, cosmetics or iron oxide. The specimens were submitted to an accelerated system of aging for non-metallic materials. Readings were carried out initially and after periods corresponding to 163, 351, 692 and 1,000 hours of aging, using a reflection spectrophotometer analysis, and color alterations were calculated by the CIE L*a*b* system. The data were submitted to variance analysis and Tukey's test at a 5% level of probability. The results demonstrated that, irrespective of the period of time analyzed, all the materials underwent some type of chromatic alteration (∆E > 0). The test specimens made with Silastic 732 and MDX4-4210, without pigmentation, presented the lowest color alteration values after 1,000 hours of aging. Of the pigments, ceramic presented the lowest color alteration values and cosmetic powder presented the highest values. Thus, it may be concluded that the materials without the incorporation of pigments presented similar color alteration values, and did not differ statistically. The cosmetic powder used in this study was the pigment that most altered the color of the test specimens.
Spectrophotometric Analysis of the Effect of aging on Color change of Maxillofacial Silicone
Egyptian Dental Journal, 2021
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to estimate the change in color stability of maxillofacial silicon after exposing it to natural weathering and disinfection using neutral soap (shampoo). Material and Methods: 60 specimens were prepared from addition linking vinyl polydimethyl siloxane and divided into 3 groups (n=20). The specimens were then conditioned differently as follows, Group I: Dark room storage (control group); Group II: Neutral soap disinfection; Group III: Outdoor natural weathering for 2 months. The color changes of the specimens were measured using a Reflective spectrophotometer (X-Rite, model RM200QC, Neu-Isenburg, Germany) using the Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage (CIE). 5 The measurements were taken after 1 month then after two months (follow up period). Results: There was insignificance increase in color change in neutral soap (shampoo) group. There was significance increase in color change in natural weathering group. In addition, there was significance difference between groups after 1 month and two months. Conclusions: Exposure to outdoor natural weathering and the disinfection with neutral soap (shampoo) causes color alteration of the maxillofacial silicone.
Journal of Prosthodontics, 2018
Purpose: To evaluate the effect of chemical disinfection on the color stability of room temperature vulcanizing (RTV) maxillofacial silicone elastomer with and without pigment addition. Materials and Methods: Sixty specimens were obtained from a RTV maxillofacial silicone. The specimens were randomly divided into 6 groups according to pigments and disinfectant to be used (n = 10). NP-DW-nonpigmented silicone specimens to be immersed in distilled water (control). NP-S-nonpigmented silicone specimens to be rubbed with an anti-bacterial soap. NP-CHX-nonpigmented silicone specimens to be immersed in chlorhexidine gluconate solution (2%). P-DW-pigmented silicone specimens to be immersed in distilled water (control). P-S-pigmented silicone specimens to be rubbed with antibacterial soap. P-CHX-pigmented silicone specimens to be immersed in chlorhexidine gluconate solution (2%). Disinfection was conducted 6 times a day for 60 days simulating 1 year of usage. Color was evaluated after 60 days (disinfection period) using a reflectance spectrophotometer. Color alterations were calculated by the CIE L ࢩ a ࢩ b ࢩ system. Data were analyzed by t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey test (α = 0.05). Results: NP-S and P-S exhibited the highest color alterations, whereas NP-DW and P-DW the lowest color alterations. Conclusion: Disinfection procedures affect the color stability of maxillofacial silicone. Chlorhexidine gluconate solution (2%) can be effectively used as a chemical disinfectant for maxillofacial prostheses. Antibacterial soap produced clinically unacceptable color changes in the silicone, hence is not advisable as a disinfectant.
Color Stability Comparison of Silicone Facial Prostheses Following Disinfection
Journal of Prosthodontics, 2009
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the color stability of two silicones for use in facial prostheses, under the influence of chemical disinfection and storage time.Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight specimens were obtained half made from Silastic MDX 4-4210 silicone and the other half from Silastic 732 RTV silicone. The specimens were divided into four groups: Silastic 732 RTV and MDX 4-4210 with disinfection three times a week with Efferdent and Sliastic 732 RTV and MDX 4-4210 disinfected with neutral soap. Color stability was analyzed by spectrophotometry, immediately and 2 months after making the specimens. After obtaining the results, ANOVA and Tukey test with 1% reliability were used for statistical analysis.Results: Statistical differences between mean color values were observed. Disinfection with Efferdent did not statistically influence the mean color values.Conclusion: The factors of storage time and disinfection statistically influenced color stability; disinfection acts as a bleaching agent in silicone materials.
Journal of Biomedical Optics, 2011
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the color stability of a maxillofacial elastomer with the addition of a nanoparticle pigment and/or an opacifier submitted to chemical disinfection and artificial aging. Specimens were divided into four groups (n = 30): group I: silicone without pigment or opacifier, group II: ceramic powder pigment, group III: Barium sulfate (BaSO 4) opacifier, and group IV: ceramic powder and BaSO 4 opacifier. Specimens of each group (n = 10) were disinfected with effervescent tablets, neutral soap, or 4% chlorhexidine gluconate. Disinfection was done three times a week during two months. Afterward, specimens were submitted to different periods of artificial aging. Color evaluation was initially done, after 60 days (disinfection period) and after 252, 504, and 1008 h of artificial aging with aid of a reflection spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed by three-way ANOVA and Tukey test (α = 0.05). The isolated factor disinfection did not statistically influence the values of color stability among groups. The association between pigment and BaSO 4 opacifier (GIV) was more stable in relationship to color change (E). All values of E obtained, independent of the disinfectant and the period of artificial aging, were considered acceptable in agreement with the norms presented in literature. C 2011 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).
ISRN Dentistry, 2013
Objective. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different storage solutions that simulate acidic, alkaline, and sebum conditiions on the physical properties of pigmented (colorant elastomer) cosmesil M511 maxillofacial prosthetic material.Materials and Methods. Sixty specimens were prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions and were tested before and after immersion of different storage conditions for six months at 37 °C. The following tests were performed: color changes (group I), solution absorption (group II), surface roughness (group III), and scanning electron microscopy (group IV).Results. There were no significant changes observed in the color and solution absorption tests while surface roughness revealed significant difference between control group and other testing storage medium groups, and this result was supported by SEM analysis that revealed limited surface changes.Conclusions. Cosmaseil material is an acceptable cross-linked formulation that withs...
International Journal of Applied Dental Sciences
Maxillofacial prostheses require enhancement or replacement due to deterioration in their color during their use. The major factors that affect the color of the prostheses are ultraviolet (UV) light exposure, temperature changes, and cleaning and handling by the patient. The aim of the study was to find the effect of extraoral aging conditions on the color stability of high temperature vulcanizing (HTV) and room temperature vulcanizing (RTV) maxillofacial silicone elastomers. Specimens of 25mm x3mm dimensions were fabricated in Techsil S25 HTV silicone and Factor II RTV silicones and processed according to the manufacturer's instructions. Eight groups with eleven specimens each were made. The color stability test was conducted with a Ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectrometer (Shimadzu) before and after exposure to outdoor weathering and disinfection. The results of the two groups were compared using independent t test. The results of the subgroups were compared with One way ANOVA test followed by Scheffe multiple comparison test. The average color change was found highest in subgroup 4(3.90) and least in subgroup 3(2.3) in HTV samples. The average color change was found highest in subgroup 1(2.70) and least in subgroup 2(1.78) in RTV samples. Color changes caused by HTV samples were significantly greater than that caused by RTV samples. Color changes caused in subgroups 2 and 4 between HTV and RTV samples were significantly greater than in the other groups. There were no significant differences in color change in other subgroups.