A serological study of the role of Mycoplasma genitalium in pelvic inflammatory disease and ectopic pregnancy (original) (raw)
Related papers
Associations between Mycoplasma genitalium, Chlamydia trachomatis and pelvic inflammatory disease
Journal of Clinical Pathology, 2003
Objective: To evaluate the association between Mycoplasma genitalium, Chlamydia trachomatis, and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) Methods: A case-control methodology was used. Swab eluates were processed using the QIAamp DNA mini kit. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for M genitalium was carried out using a real time in-house 16S based assay. An endocervical swab was taken and tested for the presence of C trachomatis (ligase chain reaction, Abbott Laboratories), and a high vaginal swab was taken and tested for the presence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and bacterial vaginosis. Results: Of the PID cases 13% (6/45) had evidence of M genitalium infection compared to none of the controls (0/37); 27% (12/45) of the cases had C trachomatis infection compared to none of the controls; and 16% (7/45) of cases only had serological evidence of C trachomatis infection compared to 5% (2/37) of controls. Cases were more likely to present with M genitalium and/or C trachomatis than controls (p<0.001).
Mycoplasma genitalium among women with nongonococcal, nonchlamydial pelvic inflammatory disease
Infectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology, 2006
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a frequent condition of young women, often resulting in reproductive morbidity. Although Neisseria gonorrhoeae and/or Chlamydia trachomatis are/is recovered from approximately a third to a half of women with PID, the etiologic agent is often unidentified. We need PCR to test for M genitalium among a pilot sample of 50 women with nongonococcal, nonchlamydial endometritis enrolled in the PID evaluation and clinical health (PEACH) study. All participants had pelvic pain, pelvic organ tenderness, and leukorrhea, mucopurulent cervicitis, or untreated cervicitis. Endometritis was defined as > or =5 surface epithelium neutrophils per x400 field absent of menstrual endometrium and/or > or =2 stromal plasma cells per x120 field. We detected M genitalium in 7 (14%) of the women tested: 6 (12%) in cervical specimens and 4 (8%) in endometrial specimens. We conclude that M genitalium is prevalent in the endometrium of women with nongonococcal, nonchlamy...
Mycoplasma genitalium: An Emerging Cause of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2011
Mycoplasma genitaliumis a sexually transmitted pathogen that is increasingly identified among women with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). AlthoughChlamydia trachomatisandNeisseria gonorrhoeaefrequently cause PID, up to 70% of cases have an unidentified etiology. This paper summarizes evidence linkingM. genitaliumto PID and its long-term reproductive sequelae. Several PCR studies have demonstrated thatM. genitaliumis associated with PID, independent of gonococcal and chlamydial infection. Most have been cross-sectional, although one prospective investigation suggested thatM. genitaliumwas associated with over a thirteenfold risk of endometritis. Further, a nested case-control posttermination study demonstrated a sixfold increased risk of PID amongM. genitaliumpositive patients. Whether or notM. genitaliumupper genital tract infection results in long-term reproductive morbidity is unclear, although tubal factor infertility patients have been found to have elevatedM. genitaliumantibo...
Serological investigation of Mycoplasma genitalium in infertile women
Human Reproduction, 2001
BACKGROUND: The role of Mycoplasma genitalium in the pathogenesis of pelvic inflammatory disease has not been characterized. METHODS: Sera from 308 infertile women were investigated for antibodies to M. genitalium by immunoblotting. Women with tubal factor infertility (TFI) made up 132 of the patients, 67 of the women had an infertile male partner and 109 were infertile for unknown reasons. RESULTS: Of the TFI patients 29 (22.0%) were seropositive to the major adhesin, MgPa, of M. genitalium versus 11 (6.3%) in the group of women with normal tubes. No cross-reactions between MgPa and P1 of the related Mycoplasma pneumoniae were found. Besides, MgPa positive sera were confirmed by immunoblotting using a cloned fragment of the C-terminal part of MgPa specific to M. genitalium. Chlamydia trachomatis is known to be able to cause infertility as a result of salpingitis. Therefore, the sera were tested against C. trachomatis using a commercial ELISA test. Seventy-five (56.8%) of the TFI patients were seropositive to C. trachomatis. Eight (27.6%) TFI patients seropositive to MgPa were negative to C. trachomatis. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that M. genitalium may be an independent risk factor in the development of an inflammatory process leading to scarring of the uterine tubes in women and thereby causing infertility.
Mycoplasma genitalium, Chlamydia trachomatis, and tubal factor infertility—a prospective study
Fertility and Sterility, 2008
Objective: To determine the presence of M. genitalium and C. trachomatis in women attending fertility clinics and to follow these women for the effects of previous infections or tubal damage on pregnancy rate and outcome. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Fertility clinics and university. Patient(s): Two hundred twelve couples attending fertility clinics. Intervention(s): Blood and cervical swab samples from the women. Tubal status was assessed by culdoscopy and/ or laparoscopy. Main Outcome Measure(s): Presence of M. genitalium and C. trachomatis was determined by polymerase chain reaction. Serum samples were tested for antibodies against M. genitalium and C. trachomatis. Result(s): One swap sample was positive to C. trachomatis and none positive to M. genitalium. Thirty of the 194 women had tubal factor infertility (TFI); 23% and 17% of women with TFI had antibodies to C. trachomatis and M. genitalium, respectively, compared with 15% and 4%, respectively, of women with normal tubes; 36% and 14% of women with a self-reported history of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) were seropositive to C. trachomatis and M. genitalium, respectively, compared with 10% and 6%, respectively, of women without past PID. Conclusion(s): A strong antibody response against M. genitalium or C. trachomatis but no sign of current or chronic infection was found in women with TFI, indicating that previous infections caused by these microorganisms may have resulted in permanent damage and occlusion of the fallopian tubes.
Bjog: An International Journal Of Obstetrics And Gynaecology, 2009
The prevalence and complications of Mycoplasma genitalium and Chlamydia trachomatis infections among women undergoing termination of pregnancy were studied in this nested case-control study at Malmo University Hospital, Sweden, during 2003 to 2007. The study comprised 2079 women presenting for termination of pregnancy. Forty-nine women with M. genitalium infection and 51 women with C. trachomatis infection, together with 168 negative control women, were evaluated. The prevalences of M. genitalium and C. trachomatis were 2.5% and 2.8%, respectively. The M. genitalium was strongly associated with posttermination pelvic inflammatory disease (odds ratio 6.29, 95% CI 1.56-25.2). The increased risk for pelvic inflammatory disease associated with M. genitalium infection after termination of pregnancy suggests a causal relationship.
Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2011
Objective. To assess associations ofChlamydia trachomatisandMycoplasma genitaliumantibodies with epithelial ovarian tumors.Methods. Plasma samples from 291 women, undergoing surgery due to suspected ovarian pathology, were analyzed with respect toC. trachomatisIgG and IgA, chlamydial Heat Shock Protein 60-1 (cHSP60-1) IgG andM. genitaliumIgG antibodies. Women with borderline tumors (n=12), ovarian carcinoma (n=45), or other pelvic malignancies (n=11) were matched to four healthy controls each.Results. Overall, there were no associations of antibodies with EOC. However, chlamydial HSP60-1 IgG antibodies were associated with type II ovarian cancer (P=.002) in women with plasma samples obtained >1 year prior to diagnosis (n=7).M. genitaliumIgG antibodies were associated with borderline ovarian tumors (P=.01).Conclusion. Chlamydial HSP60-1 IgG andM. genitaliumIgG antibodies are in this study associated with epithelial ovarian tumors in some subsets, which support the hypothesis linki...
South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde, 2000
To determine the prevalence of antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis in women presenting with ectopic pregnancies to Groote Schuur Hospital. C. trachomatis antibody titres were measured using a modified micro-immunofluorescence test in women presenting with ectopic pregnancy. Control subjects were drawn from women with term pregnancies and an uneventful reproductive history. Seventy-four patients and controls were studied. Demographic variables were controlled for at time of entry into the study. A significant association between the number of lifetime sexual partners and exposure to C. trachomatis was noted (P = 0.001). Patients with ectopic pregnancies had significantly higher antibody titres than control subjects (P = 0.001), and in both groups the prevalence of background antichlamydial antibody was high (ectopic pregnancies 59%, pregnant controls 32%). While the role of C. trachomatis infection in women who develop ectopic pregnancies needs to be explored further, it seems wise t...
Prevalence and Clinical Significance of Mycoplasma genitalium in Gynecologic Patients
Journal of AIDS and Clinical Research, 2017
Objective: Mycoplasma genitalium has been recognized as a cause of male urethritis, and there is now evidence suggesting it causes cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women. Methods: Prevalence, risk factors and co-infections with other sexually transmitted pathogens were collected in a cross-sectional study looking at 400 women at the gynecologic clinics of a university medical center in the United States. Bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis were diagnosed using Amsel's criteria, gram stain and trichomonas culture respectively. Cervicitis and PID were clinically diagnosed. After testing for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the residual cervical swab transport medium (Gen-Probe/Hologic ®) was stored at-70°C. Stored samples were later analyzed for M. genitalium by a research use only transcription-mediated amplification assay using procedures similar to those established for APTIMA Combo2 assay for C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae (Gen-Probe/Hologic ®). Results: The overall prevalence of infection with C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, T. vaginalis and M. genitalium was found to be 7.8%, 1.8%, 10.43% and 8.9%, respectively. Prevalence of M. genitalium was comparable to that of C. trachomatis and greater than the prevalence of N. gonorrhoeae. Univariate analysis of M. genitalium status showed that participants with lower condom use had an increased probability of M. genitalium (p=0.037). Conclusion: Prevalence of M. genitalium was comparable to C. trachomatis in our study, but more research is needed to clarify pathogenicity.