Interaction of fungicides with bio-control agents (original) (raw)
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Compatibility tests were conducted under in vitro condition to find out safer insecticides, fungicides and plant growth regulators against Beauveria bassiana and Metrhazium anisopliae. Results of this study revealed that among the insecticides tested, acetameprid (0.004%), thiomethoxam (0.005%), imidachloprid (0.005%), monocrotophos (0.05%), phosphamidon (0.005%), quinalphos (0.005%), profenofos (0.05%), carbosulfan (0.05%), carbaryl (0.2%), endosulfan (0.07%), fenvalerate (0.01%), dimethoate (0.05%), methyl-odemeton (0.025%) and azadirachtin (5%) were highly safe and most compatible to these two entomopathogenic fungi. But B. bassiana and M. anisopliae were most sensitive to chlorpyriphos (0.05%), cypermethrin (0.009%), dicofol (0.07%) and deltamethrin (0.005%). Out of 12 fungicides least percent inhibition of vegetative growth and spore germination was recorded in chlorothalonil (0.1%), thiram (0.2%) and metalaxyl (0.1%). Other nine fungicides viz; benomyl (0.1%), orthocide (0.2%), mancozeb (0.2%), tebuconazole (0.1%), pentachloronitrobenzene (0.1%), hexaconazole (0.1%), propiconazole (0.1%), difenoconazole (0.1%) and copper oxychloride (0.2%), were not compatible with B. bassiana and M. anisopliae and caused complete or strong inhibition of vegetative growth and spore germination. One interesting thing was observed in this study that, azadirachtin (0.5%), enhances the vegetative growth and spore germination of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae as comparing to control. The seven plant growth regulators tested showed good spore germination (above 91.7%) and were compatible with B. bassiana and M. anisopliae. All the seven plant growth regulator tested were compatible and percentage reduction in vegetative growth was below 14.2%. The vegetative growth of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae was also enhanced by BA (benzyl adenine) (250 ppm), Ethrel (250 ppm), IAA, (30 ppm) and NAA (Naphthalene acetic acid) (30 ppm). This incorporation of insecticides with B. bassiana and M. anisopliae may enable to reduce the number of insecticides sprays and thus, may be used for integrated pest management.
Entomopathogenic fungi may be affected by pesticides used to protect crop plants. The in vitro compatibility of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae with three fungicides and 16 insecticides was evaluated. The formulations of pesticides were tested in three concentrations (mean concentration (MC), half MC and twice the MC). All tested fungicides, at three concentrations, were incompatible with these two fungi and significantly inhibited fungal development, germination of spores and spore production. Insecticides, except for spinosad, deltametrin, imidachloprid and abamectin, were incompatible with these two fungi at high concentration and caused complete or strong inhibition of fungal development. The compatible insecticide with B. bassiana and M. anisopliae, at three concentrations, found to be spinosad. Abamectin, imidachloprid and deltametrin, however at half MC and MC were compatible with B. bassiana. Deltametrin, abamectin and hexafloron at half MC were compatible with M. anisopliae. We conclude that these pesticides with the defined formulations could be used with the entomopathogenic fungi in integrated pest management programs.
Sinai Journal of Applied Sciences, 2017
The susceptibility of two selected fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae was performed to certain registered pesticides. The pesticides, commonly used in the experimental area were applied at their recommend concentrations. There were singnificant difference between the tested pesteicide on the growth of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae. The fungicides, cosidal WP 77% achieved the most inhibition effect to the radial growth of both fungi i.e B. Bassiana and M. anisopliae of 90.79 and 90.74% growth reduction, respectively. The lowest effect was recorded by each of the herbicides Stomp Extra on B. Bassiana 57.41% and the fungicide, Super Royl on M. anisopliae (49.88%) growth reduction. From the obtained results, can recommend the pesticides that cause the lowest toxicity effect on the two entomopathogenic to use agents in integrated pest management program.
In Vitro Compatibility of Different Herbicides with Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria Bassiana
Romanian Journal for Plant Protection, 2022
The in vitro effect of three herbicides commonly used in wheat or corn plant protection programs in Romania on mycelial growth of entomopathogenic Beauveria bassiana (BbTd1) were investigated. The formulations with Isoxaflutole 225 g/L + Thiencarbazone methyl 90 g/L + cyprosulfamide (safener) 150 g/L (Adengo), Nicosulfuron 40g/L (Nicogan) and dimethylamine salt 600g/L (Dicopur) were tested at three different concentrations (field recommendation-FR, half and twice the FR) both on solid and liquid media. On the solid media, the radial growth of the fungus was measured for 11 days. On the liquid media mycelial biomass was weighted after 7 days of incubation on a rotary shaker. Dicopur significantly inhibited the vegetative growth of B. bassiana BbTd1 in both culture media at tested concentrations. In liquid media, mycelial growth was stimulated by Adengo and Nicogan at different concentrations. No significant differences caused by Adengo and Nicogan compared to control of radial growth was detected. The results showed that Adengo and Nicogan could be used simultaneously with this entomopathogen in integrated control programs. Further in vivo studies are necessary to establish if Dicopur formulation can cause damage to field populations of entomopathogenic fungi.
Factors influencing activity of triazole fungicides towards Botrytis cinerea
Crop Protection, 1996
The activity of triazole fungicides towards Botrytis cinerea was investigated in vitro (radial growth on fungicide-amended agar) and in vivo (foliar-sprayed tomato plants and dip-treated grapes). In both tests the benzimidazoles, benomyl and thiabendazole, and the dicarboximides, iprodione and vinclozolin, were used as reference fungicides. In all experiments benomyl and tebuconazole proved to be the most active fungicides. The transfer ratio, which is defined as the ratio between the ECUS (the concentration inhibiting growth by 50%) of a particular fungicide determined in vivo and in vitro, was lowest for benomyl. The transfer ratio of tebuconazole was comparable to or lower than that of vinclozolin. Hence, no obvious correlation between in vitro and in vivo activity was observed. Field rates of tebuconazole recommended for control of B. cinerea are relatively low compared to those of benzimidazoles and dicarboximides. Tomato leaf homogenates and various biological compounds antagonized the activity of triazoles and dicarboximides but did not affect inhibitory potency of benzimidazoles. It is suggested that the factors mentioned account only partly for the limited field performance of triazoles towards B. cinerea .
Effect of different Fungicides on Growth of Beauveria Bassiana
2021
Beauveria bassiana is an entomopathogenic fungus that grows naturally in soils throughout the world,which acts as a pathogen with significant host range and host specificity. Use of chemical products to protect plants and other environmental factors affects the conidial survival of beauveria bassiana fungus. This research paper mentions the compatibility of beauveria bassiana with fungicides such as Chloramphenicol, Tetracycline, Amoxicillin, Gentamicin, Mancozeb + Metalaxyl, Fluconazol. A positive result was obtained for Fluconazole, Mancozeb+Metalaxyl, Dithane (Amoxicillin + Streptomycin + Tetracycline + Chloramphenicol + Mancozeb).
Biocontrol Science and Technology, 2009
The influence of 15 commercially available fungicides on the germination, growth and virulence of Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana, Isaria fumosorosea, and Lecanillium longisporum was evaluated. The influence of the fungicides on conidial germination was dependant on the fungicide type and dose. Most fungicides retarded conidial germination of all the fungi tested at 10) and at the recommended rate of application, however, their toxicity declined at lower concentrations. Most of the fungicides inhibited mycelial growth of B. bassiana, whereas L. longisporum growth was unaffected. Only two and eight fungicides influenced mycelial growth of I. fumosorosea and M. anisopliae, respectively. None of the fungicides influenced the virulence of B. bassiana and L. longisporum, however, tolylfluanid and azoxystrobin reduced the virulence of M. anisopliae and I. fumosorosea, respectively. These studies clearly show that certain fungicides have the potential to inhibit germination of entomopathogenic fungi in vitro but appear to have little or no effect on their virulence against target insects.
World applied sciences journal, 2014
The in-vitro effect of some commonly used fungicides, insecticides and herbicides on the mycelial growth of Trichoderma harzianum PBT 23 were evaluated. Nine fungicides, 6 insecticides and 7 herbicides were tested. A progressive increase in percent inhibition of radial growth in the fungus was observed as the concentrations of the fungicides increased. Among fungicides, Captaf, Thiram, Chlorothalonil and Copper hydroxide were found compatible with the test antagonist up to 100 µg a.i. /ml, while Mancozeb up to 250 µg a.i. /ml, as these did not adversely affect the growth of test antagonist. However, Benomyl, Thiophanate methyl, Bayleton and ipridione were found incompatible with the test antagonist even at 25 µg a.i. /ml. Among insecticides, Monocrotophos, Dichlorvos, Profenophos and Triazophos were found compatible up to 250 µl a.i./ml; while Deltamethrin and Quinalphos up to 100 µl a.i./ml. Seven herbicides, 2, 4-D ethyl ester, Pretilachlor, Aniliofos, Alachlor, Butachlor, Fluchlo...
Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry
This review provides the summarized current knowledge on the degradation and effects on the non-target organisms from soil and aquatic environment of the triazole fungicides approved to be used in most of the European Union also taking into account stereospecific differences. Synthetized data reveal that triazole fungicides are usually persistent in aqueous environment and soil, and manifest moderately acute and chronic toxicity against the organisms living in these environments. Furthermore, the enantiomers of triazole fungicides proved to have distinct distribution and effects on these environments. These data are important for assuring a sustainable agriculture by production and use of single-stereoisomer and/or encouraging a management of agricultural crops with minimum effects on environment.