Pistachio and metabolic syndrome: A review article (original) (raw)
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OBJECTIVE To examine whether a pistachio-rich diet reduces the prediabetes stage and improves its metabolic risk profile. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Prediabetic subjects were recruited to participate in this Spanish randomized clinical trial between 20 September 2011 and 4 February 2013. In a crossover manner, 54 subjects consumed two diets, each for 4 months: a pistachio-supplemented diet (PD) and a control diet (CD). A 2-week washout period separated study periods. Diets were isocaloric and matched for protein, fiber, and saturated fatty acids. A total of 55% of the CD calories came from carbohydrates and 30% from fat, whereas for the PD, these percentages were 50 and 35%, respectively (including 57 g/day of pistachios). RESULTS Fasting glucose, insulin, and HOMA of insulin resistance decreased significantly after the PD compared with the CD. Other cardiometabolic risk markers such as fibrinogen, oxidized LDL, and platelet factor 4 significantly decreased under the PD compared with the CD (P < 0.05), whereas glucagon-like peptide-1 increased. Interleukin-6 mRNA and resistin gene expression decreased by 9 and 6%, respectively, in lymphocytes after the pistachio intervention (P < 0.05, for PD vs. CD). SLC2A4 expression increased by 69% in CD (P = 0.03, for PD vs. CD). Cellular glucose uptake by lymphocytes decreased by 78.78% during the PD (P = 0.01, PD vs. CD). CONCLUSIONS Chronic pistachio consumption is emerging as a useful nutritional strategy for the prediabetic state. Data suggest that pistachios have a glucose- and insulin-lowering effect, promote a healthier metabolic profile, and reverse certain metabolic deleterious consequences of prediabetes.
The effect of pistachios on human health: A review study
2014
Background: Health is an important pillar of human life and the pistachio is among the nuts which have an impact on human health. The aim of this study was to review the effects of pistachios on human health. Materials and Methods: This was a review study. Data were collected from PubMed and from among articles published from the year 2005 to 15 July 2015 using the keyword pistachio in combination with cholesterol, cardiovascular, health, consumption, diabetes, serum lipid levels, glucose, and metabolic syndrome. Results: Of the total of 194 articles searched, 19 articles were included in the study. The consumption of pistachio, due to its minerals, vitamins, proteins, and antioxidants, improved health and had a positive impact on health outcomes, such as fat, blood sugar, and weight control. It also helped in the promotion of a healthy heart and recovery of high blood pressure, diabetes, coronary heart disease (CHD), metabolic syndrome, and pre-diabetes. Conclusions: Pistachio, due to its nutrients, has positive impact on human body health, including the cardiovascular system, blood lipids, and blood pressure. Moreover, because of its unsaturated fats, it also affects the lipoproteins and reduces cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes, and helps in the management of weight and metabolic syndrome. It can also help in the recovery of patients with pre-diabetes through changes in their harmful metabolism. Pistachios are recommended as part of a healthy diet for the human health and prevention of chronic non-infectious diseases.
Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 2020
Publisher: Elsevier NOTICE: this is the author's version of a work that was accepted for publication in Complementary Therapies in Medicine. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 52, (2020)
Nutrition, 2010
Objective: Recent studies have suggested that nuts have favorable effects beyond lipid lowering. We aimed to investigate effect of the Antep pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) on blood glucose, lipid parameters, endothelial function, inflammation, and oxidation in healthy young men living in a controlled environment. Methods: A Mediterranean diet was administered to normolipidemic 32 healthy young men (mean age 22 y, range 21-24) for 4 wk. After 4 wk, participants continued to receive the Mediterranean diet but pistachio was added for 4 wk by replacing the monounsaturated fat content constituting z20% of daily caloric intake. Fasting blood samples and brachial endothelial function measurements were performed at baseline and after each diet. Results: Compared with the Mediterranean diet, the pistachio diet decreased glucose (P < 0.001, À8.8 6 8.5%), low-density lipoprotein (P < 0.001, À23.2 6 11.9%), total cholesterol (P < 0.001, À21.2 6 9.9%), and triacylglycerol (P ¼ 0.008, À13.8 6 33.8%) significantly and high-density lipoprotein (P ¼ 0.069, À3.1 6 11.7%) non-significantly. Total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein ratios decreased significantly (P < 0.001 for both). The pistachio diet significantly improved endothelium-dependent vasodilation (P ¼ 0.002, 30% relative increase), decreased serum interleukin-6, total oxidant status, lipid hydroperoxide, and malondialdehyde and increased superoxide dismutase (P < 0.001 for all), whereas there was no significant change in C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor-a levels. Conclusion: In this trial, we demonstrated that a pistachio diet improved blood glucose level, endothelial function, and some indices of inflammation and oxidative status in healthy young men. These findings are in accordance with the idea that nuts, in particular pistachio nuts, have favorable effects beyond lipid lowering that deserve to be evaluated with prospective follow-up studies. Ó
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 2018
Objective(s): Metabolic syndrome is a multiplex risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Since some dietary fats such as mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) modify metabolic syndrome components the aim of the present study was to evaluate the preventive effects of mixture, kernel and hull oils of wild pistachio (WP) (Pistacia atlantica mutica) as good sources of MUFA on different features of this abnormality in rats under induction. Materials and Methods: In this study rats were randomly assigned to six groups with 12 animals per group. Metabolic syndrome was induced by fructose solution in groups 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. Group 3 received sunflower oil and groups 4, 5, and 6 received mixture, hull and kernel oils of WP (2 ml/kg/day), respectively, for 10 weeks. Then, lipid profiles, glycemic indices, oxidative stress and inflammatory parameters were measured using standard laboratory tests. Results: Different forms of WP oil induced hypotriglyceridemia, but the hypocholesterol...
The Review of Diabetic Studies, 2014
BACKGROUND: Diabetes is a chronic, potentially debilitating, and often fatal disease. Dietary strategies to reduce postprandial glycemia are important in the prevention and treatment of diabetes. Nuts are rich in mono-and polyunsaturated fatty acids, which may reduce hyperglycemia and improve metabolism. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of pistachio nut supplementation on glycemic and inflammatory measures in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: In this double-blind, randomized, placebocontrolled, crossover trial, 48 diabetic patients were equally assigned to groups A and B. Patients in group A received a snack of 25 g pistachio nuts twice a day for 12 weeks and group B received a control meal without nuts. After 12 weeks of intervention, the patients had an 8-week washout. Then the groups were displaced, and group B received the same amount of pistachios for 12 weeks. RESULTS: With respect to the total change in variables over both phases, there was a marked decrease in HbA1c (-0.4%) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) concentrations (-16 mg/dl) in the pistachio group compared with the control group (p ≤ 0.001 for both). There was no overall significant change in BMI, blood pressure, HOMA-IR, and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations. Analysis of the two phases separately showed a decrease in FBG by 14 mg/dl and in HbA1c by 0.45% in the treatment group (A) after 12 weeks, while no significant differences were seen in group B (control group). In the second phase, FBG decreased from 151.36 ± 39.22 to 137.28 ± 28.65 mg/dl (-14 mg/dl) and HbA1c decreased from 7.42 ± 0.97 to 7.15 ± 0.68 mg/dl (-0.28%, p = 0.013 and p = 0.033, respectively) in the pistachio group (B). Pistachio consumption reduced systolic blood pressure (p = 0.007), BMI (p = 0.011), and CRP (p = 0.002) in patients from the treatment groups, but not insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary consumption of pistachio nuts as a snack has beneficial effects on glycemic control, blood pressure, obesity, and inflammation markers in diabetic patients.
2021
Introduction: Nuts are known for their health properties, and they play a special role in Mediterranean diets. This study aimed to determine Iranian pistachio effects on serum lipid levels in type II diabetic patients. Methods: In this randomized crossover single-blind trial, 48 diabetic patients were randomly assigned to 2 groups: one that consumed 50 g of Iranian pistachios and one that followed the usual diet for 12 weeks. After an 8-week washout period, the participants were crossed over to the alternate arm. Results: Systolic blood pressure was significantly lower in the pistachio phase than the usual diet. Changes in diastolic blood pressure, lipid values (cholesterol, triglyceride, lowdensity lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein), weight, and body mass index were not significantly different between the 2 intervention phases. Conclusions: In diabetic patients, an Iranian pistachio intake (50 g daily) improved systolic blood pressure. Additionally, no detrimental effects w...
Journal of occupational health and epidemiology, 2015
The pistachio is a nut produced by about 20 species of shrub. Present-day studies show the health benefits of pistachio in preventing or treating diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancer, multiple sclerosis (MS), and erectile dysfunction. Materials and Methods: MEDLINE / PubMed, and Google Scholar databases were searched using the keywords of Pistacia vera, Pistacio, chemical composition, anticancer, anti-inflammation, antidiabetic, and antioxydative. Relevant articles published in the last decade were identified and reviewed. Results: The chemical composition (macronutrients, micronutrients) of pistachio and the main outcomes of treatment with pistachio species were categorized. The possible mechanisms of action of treatment with pistachio species are discussed in this article. Numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the beneficial effects of nuts such as pistachio on health, lipid profile, and diseases. Conclusions: It is commonly believed that pistachio can be used in the prevention and treatment of diseases such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, coronary heart disease (CHD), cancer, inflammatory diseases, and MS. This study showed that nuts such as pistachio have many beneficial effects on health, and can be used for controlling different diseases. It seems that the pistachio may have antiinflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemia, and anti-proliferation effects and may be recommended for the prevention, improvement, or treatment of diseases such as diabetes, CVD, inflammatory bowel disease (IBS), cancer, and MS.
Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine, 2007
A., TARAKCIOGLU, M., SOYDINC, S., SARI, I. and DAVUTOGLU, V. Pistachio Intake Increases High Density Lipoprotein Levels and Inhibits Low-Density Lipoprotein Oxidation in Rats. Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 2007, 212 (1), 43-48 There is increasing evidence that nuts have protective effects against coronary artery disease by improving lipid profile and inhibiting lipid oxidation. However, data about pistachio nuts are limited, and to our knowledge, there is no study investigating the effects of pitachio intake on lipid oxidation and serum antioxidant levels. This study, therefore, sought to determine the effects of pistachio intake on serum lipids and determine whether consumption of pistachio would alter serum antioxidant levels. Rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 12 for each): control group fed basic diet for 10 weeks and treated groups fed basic diet plus pistachio which constituted 20% and 40% of daily caloric intake, respectively. Consumption of pistachio as 20% of daily caloric intake increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and decreased total cholesterol (TC)/HDL ratio, compared with those not taking pistachio. However, TC, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglyceride levels were unaffected by pistachio consumption. Consumption of pistachio as 20% of daily caloric intake increased serum paraoxonase activity by 35% and arylesterase activity by 60%, which are known to inhibit LDL cholesterol oxidation, compared with the control group. However, increased antioxidant activity was blunted when pistachio intake was increased to 40% of daily caloric intake. In conclusion, the present results show that consumption of pistachio as 20% of daily caloric intake leads to significant improvement in HDL and TC/HDL ratio and inhibits LDL cholesterol oxidation. These results suggest that pistachio may be beneficial for both prevention and treatment of coronary artery disease.