Attacking Human Implants.pdf (original) (raw)
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Implantable Computers and Information Security: A Managerial Perspective
Posthuman Management: Creating Effective Organizations in an Age of Social Robotics, Ubiquitous AI, Human Augmentation, and Virtual Worlds (Second Edition), 2016
The interdisciplinary field of information security (InfoSec) already draws significantly on the biological and human sciences; for example, it relies on knowledge of human physiology to design biometric authentication devices and utilizes insights from psychology to predict users’ vulnerability to social engineering techniques and develop preventative measures. The growing use of computers implanted within the human body for purposes of therapy or augmentation will compel InfoSec to develop new or deeper relationships with fields such as medicine and biomedical engineering, insofar as the practices and technologies that InfoSec implements for implantable computers must not only secure the information contained within such devices but must also avoid causing biological or psychological harm to the human beings within whose organisms the computers are embedded. In this text we identify unique issues and challenges that implantable computers create for information security. By considering the particular scenario of the internal computer controlling a retinal implant, we demonstrate the ways in which InfoSec’s traditional concepts of the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information and the use of physical, logical, and administrative access controls become intertwined with issues of medicine and biomedical engineering. Finally, we formulate a novel cybernetic approach that provides a useful paradigm for conceptualizing the relationship of information security to medicine and biomedical engineering in the context of implantable computers.
Enhanced Protection of Implants from Potential Threats of Data Theft and Misuse
International journal of engineering research and technology, 2017
With modernization, the use of technology has become widespread. Today, our human bodies are also controlled by a number of Technical devices, some of which aid our survival medically like pacemaker and insulin or neuro controllers. This dependence on onboard storage computer devices has also increased the risk of malicious use of technology to hamper the well-being of a person. In consideration of recent implications of a Hacker having killed a man by pacemaker hacking accidentally we propose methods to prevent such accidents or malicious handling of sensitive data on which our lives depend. The procedure is complicated and involves multiple encryption and decryption but comes at a minimal cost in front of the value of our lives.
Ethical And Legal Questions Of Implantable Body Chips For The Purpose Of State Security
Cyberpolitics and Cyber Security, 2019
This presentation is to concentrate on a discussion of the ethical and legal issues of implanting computer chips in the human body. In the beginning of the technology, body chips was used for health purposes, but it is not just limited with this area anymore. This technology will facilitate constant access to information about every citizen when and where it is needed. Then it could be a sort of threat to security and citizenship. Therefore the ethical and legal debates have focused on medical and scientific responsibilities, anxieties about the questions of privacy and autonomy. Because democratic and liberal law systems deny especially excessive governmental control of individuals, policy decisions about chip implants should not be regulated before it’s carefully discussed.
Adding Security to Implantable Medical Devices: Can We Afford It?
2021
Implantable Medical Devices (IMDs) belong to a class of highly life-critical, resource-constrained, deeply embedded systems out there. Their gradual conversion to wirelessly accessible devices in recent years has made them amenable to numerous successful ethical-hacking attempts. These attacks were made possible due to the absence of proper security provisions in IMDs. IMD manufacturers have only very recently started taking cybersecurity threats seriously, a move that will force development teams to overhaul IMD designs and grow sharper reflexes in an industry that has historically opted for small, careful steps. Thus, valid concerns arise regarding the technical feasibility but, chiefly, the economic viability of adding security to IMDs. In this work, we assess the economic repercussions of securing IMDs by employing the concept of technical debt (TD) on the evolving IMD software. Our quantitative analysis reveals that security-related costs are currently well in hand, however, se...
PLOS digital health, 2024
AU : Pleaseconfirmthatallheadinglevelsarerepresentedcorrectly: Advancements in digitalisation with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) allow patients opportunities for improved autonomy, quality of life, and a potential increase in life expectancy. However, with the digital and functional practicalities of CIEDs, there exists also cyber safety issues with transferring wireless information. If a digital network were to be hacked, a CIED patient could experience both the loss of sensitive data and the loss of functional control of the CIED due to an unwelcome party. Moreover, if a CIED patient were to become victim of a cyber attack, which resulted in a serious or lethal event, and if this information were to become public, the trust in healthcare would be impacted and legal consequences could result. A cyber attack therefore poses not only a direct threat to the patient's health but also the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the CIED, and these cyber threats could be considered "patient-targeted threats." Informed consent is a key component of ethical care, legally concordant practice, and promoting patient-as-partner therapeutic relationships [1]. To date, there are no standardised guidelines for listing cybersecurity risks within the informed consent or for discussing them during the consent process. Providers are responsible for adhering to the ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice, both in medical practice generally and the informed consent process specifically. At present, the decision to include cybersecurity risks is mainly left to the provider's discretion, who may also have limited cyber risk information. Without effective and in-depth communication about all possible cybersecurity risks during the consent process, CIED patients can be left unaware of the privacy and physical risks they possess by carrying such a device. Therefore, cyber risk factors should be covered within the patients' informed consent and reviewed on an ongoing basis as new risk information becomes available. By including cyber risk information in the informed consent process, patients are given the autonomy to make the best-informed decision.
Security and Privacy for Implantable Medical Devices
IEEE Pervasive Computing, 2008
Protecting implantable medical devices against attack without compromising patient health requires balancing security and privacy goals with traditional goals such as safety and utility. I mplantable medical devices monitor and treat physiological conditions within the body. These devices-including pacemakers, implantable cardiac defibrillators (ICDs), drug delivery systems, and neurostimulators-can help manage a broad range of ailments, such as cardiac arrhythmia, diabetes, and Parkinson's disease (see the "Pacemakers and Implantable Cardiac Defibrillators" sidebar). IMDs' pervasiveness continues to swell, with upward of 25 million US citizens currently reliant on them for lifecritical functions. 1 Growth is spurred by geriatric care of the aging baby-boomer generation, and new therapies continually emerge for chronic conditions ranging from pediatric type 1 diabetes to anorgasmia and other sexual dysfunctions. Moreover, the latest IMDs support delivery of telemetry for remote monitoring over long-range, high-bandwidth wireless links, and emerging devices will communicate with other interoperating IMDs. Despite these advances in IMD technologies, our understanding of how device security and privacy interact with and affect medical safety and treatment efficacy is still limited. Established methods for providing safety and preventing unintentional accidents (such as ID numbers and redundancy) don't prevent inten
Implantable Smart Technologies (IST): Defining the 'Sting' in Data and Device
Health care analysis : HCA : journal of health philosophy and policy, 2015
In a world surrounded by smart objects from sensors to automated medical devices, the ubiquity of 'smart' seems matched only by its lack of clarity. In this article, we use our discussions with expert stakeholders working in areas of implantable medical devices such as cochlear implants, implantable cardiac defibrillators, deep brain stimulators and in vivo biosensors to interrogate the difference facets of smart in 'implantable smart technologies', considering also whether regulation needs to respond to the autonomy that such artefacts carry within them. We discover that when smart technology is deconstructed it is a slippery and multi-layered concept. A device's ability to sense and transmit data and automate medicine can be associated with the 'sting' of autonomy being disassociated from human control as well as affecting individual, group, and social environments.
Legal Requirements towards Enhancing the Security of Medical Devices
International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 2020
Over 25 million Americans are dependent on medical devices. However, the patients who need these devices only have two choices, thus the choice between using an insecure critical-life-functioning devices or the choice to live without the support of a medical device with the consequences of the threats presented by the disease. This study therefore conducted a stateof-the-art on security requirements, concerning medical devices in the US and EU. Food, Drugs and Cosmetic Act, HIPAA, Medical Device Regulations of EU and GDPR were some of the identified regulations for controlling the security of these devices. Statutory laws such as computer Fraud and abuse Act (CFAA), Anti-Tempering Act, Panel Code as well as Battery and Trespass to Chattel in the civil law, were also identified. In analyzing the security requirements, there are less motivations on criminal charges against cyber criminals in addressing the security issues. Because it is often challenging to identify the culprits in medical device hacks. It is also difficult to hold device manufactures on negligence of duty especially after the device has been approved or if the harm on patient was as a result of a cyber attacker. Suggestions have been provided to improve upon the regulations so that both the regulatory bodies and MDM can improve upon their security conscious care.
Security of implantable medical devices: limits, requirements, and proposals
Security and Communication Networks, 2013
Implantable Medical Devices (IMDs) are surgically implanted into a human body to collect physiological data and perform medical therapeutic functions. They are increasingly being used to improve the quality of life of patients by treating chronic ailments such as cardiac arrhythmia, diabetes, and Parkinson's disease. Wireless IMDs have shown recently important security concerns. In particular, it has been stated that lethal attacks can be launched on these devices. In this paper, we propose a solution to secure IMDs against unauthorized access, battery depletion, and denial of service attacks. A Radio Frequency energy harvesting solution is used to design a powerless mutual authentication protocol. A technique for dynamic biometric keys extraction from electrocardiogram signals collected at both sides (the programmer and the IMD) is used, allowing to secure access to the IMD devices in regular and emergency situations.