Discrepancy of Air Quality between Developing and Developed Countries: Reasons and Implications (original) (raw)
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Journal of Chemical, Biological and Physical Sciences , 2011
The fast growing economies in the World, and continued urbanization in countries, have increased the demand for mobility and energy in the region, resulting in high levels of air pollution in cities from both point and non point sources. The World Health Organization estimates that about 500,000 premature deaths per year are caused by air pollution, leaving the urban poor particularly vulnerable since they live in air pollution hotspots having wider exposure to variety of pollutants, which have resulted in pollution related diseases besides low respiratory resistance due to bad nutrition, and lack access to quality health care. However, by initiating air quality management measures, reducing the pollutants at source at various stages of economic development, communities and countries can avoid the severity of air pollution impacts and related costs and attain better air quality.
Impact of air pollution in health and socio-economic aspects: Review on future approach
Materials Today: Proceedings, 2020
Air contamination is mainly induced by human activity and environmental pollution. Consumption of Air pollution in fewer amounts leads to a significant range of harmful effects on public safety. Nevertheless, with the accelerated pace of economic growth and modernization and the high quantity of electricity need results in huge amounts of pollutants and waste creates significant air pollution. The latest research has shown that because humans only use a tiny part of their day to drive, their constant air quality intake is primarily attributed to the commuting microenvironment. The nature of life on this planet is dependent on clean air. This article presents the literature to include a review of the effect on different facets of human existence of air emissions. The effect is narrowly classified into health and climate change. The study shows that air contamination has a broad variety of consequences, from infectious illnesses and life-threatening disorders and the breakdown of particular organ systems and psychological health. There is no question that this problem has to be addressed with the utmost focus. Such results should be used to prompt further work and to deliver clean air initiatives to officials.
One of the main outcomes of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20) was the agreement by Member States to launch a process to develop a set of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The goal 3 " Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages " aims at securing a healthy life for all. Measures to achieve this goal involves substantially reducing the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water, and soil pollution and contamination. This paper discusses the health impacts arising from ambient and household air pollution globally and at the national level (India) and recommends policy measures to reduce the health impact from air pollution in the national context.
Managing Air Quality in Developing Countries
2018
study and professional development use. They are intended to be thought-provoking introductions to emerging issues and debates within the subject areas they cover. This document is an output from a project funded by the UK Department for International Development (DFID) through the Research for Evidence Division (RED) for the benefit of developing countries. However, the views expressed and information contained in it is not necessarily those of, or endorsed by DFID, which can accept no responsibility for such views or information or for any reliance placed on them.
AN INTRODUCTION TO AIR QUALITY INDEX AND HEALTH CONCERNS
Air pollution arises due to contamination of solid or liquid particles and gases in the environment. The presence of this contamination in the atmosphere in certain quality and for certain duration implies the effect of harm, or expected to be harm to environment, property and health of human, animal & plant life. Contamination in air is the result of discharge of harmful substances from various sources in the atmosphere and may cause to health effects on the population, which might be either chronic or acute depends upon exposure. Other effects of air pollution include agricultural damage, impairment of visibility, and climate change that leads to global warming.
Improving Air Quality in Asian Developing Countries: Compilation of Research Findings
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Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2022
Air pollution is a major environmental issue that affects human health, global climate regime, ecosystem services, food and human livelihood security worldwide. The sources of air pollutants include natural phenomena induced dust storms and poisonous gases emission through volcanic eruption, earth quacks and flash floods as well as anthropogenic activities induced dust and greenhouse gases including methane, Carbon monoxide (CO), Carbon dioxide (Co2) and other toxic gases emission through agricultural activities, transportation, mining, weapon testing, industrial processes and energy production activities. Particulate Matters (PM), nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide, ozone, black carbon and carbon monoxide are the main pollutants of concern, as they have been found to be linked with high incidence of respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, mental retardation and neurological disorders in both human and animals. The impacts of indoor air pollutants like toxic dust particles, CO, CO2, Methane and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) on human health vary depending on the level and duration of exposure but it can have devastating and long-lasting impacts on human health by causing acute respiratory diseases (ARD), chronic respiratory diseases (CRD), chronic obstructive respiratory diseases (COPD), neurological disorders, Alzheimer, mental retardation and cardiovascular diseases. The short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs) such as tropospheric ozone, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), and black carbon have been reported to have devasting impacts on global climate regime, ecosystem services and threaten food and human livelihood security. To mitigate adverse impacts of air pollutants on global environment and food security, it is important to reduce emissions of major air pollutants including SLCPs through adoption of clean energy sources, implementing emission standards, increase green cover and promoting sustainable occupational and lifestyle practices. Continued research and public education efforts are essential to protect public health and the environment from the detrimental impacts of air pollutants at regional and global scale.
Air pollution: impact and interventions
Springer Nature, 2020
Clean air is a fundamental requirement for the existence of life on earth. However, with the rapid rate of economic development, globalization, and increasing energy demand, large amount of emissions and waste are generated, leading to severe air pollution. This paper surveys the literature to provide an overview of the impact of air pollution on various aspects of human life. The impact is categorized broadly into health and socioeconomic aspects and further subcategorized into multiple dimensions of health and socioeconomic consequences. The survey reveals that the impact of air pollution is comprehensive, ranging from chronic to life-threatening diseases, and from malfunctioning of specific organ systems to subjective well-being. Additionally, evidence of the impact of air pollution on unexpected dimensions such as housing prices, larger economy, academic outcomes, and more is uncovered, leaving no doubt on the need to address this problem with the attention of the highest order. This evidence can be used to trigger more research and give policy-makers a starting point for clean-air campaigns. Merely highlighting the seriousness of the issue is not enough, and hence the paper also surveys the broader literature to identify interventions for clean air developed by public and private stakeholders across the world. While none of them may be ripe for blind duplication, this paper aims to provide decision-makers and researchers a bouquet of solutions to choose from while developing clean air programs and research agenda.
Air Pollution -The Challenges Ahead
International journal Environmental Analysis & Ecology Studies , 2019
Air pollution is global environmental problem that influences mostly health of urban population. Over the past few decades, epidemiological studies have demonstrated adverse health effects due to higher ambient levels of air pollution. Studies have indicated that repeated exposures to ambient air pollutants over a prolonged period of time increases the risk of being susceptible to air borne diseases such as cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and lung cancer (WHO, 2009). Air pollution has been consistently linked to substantial burdens of ill-health in developed and developing countries. The growth of population, industry and number of vehicles and improper implementation of stringent emission standards had made the problem still worse. This mini review is an attempt to visualize what we are going to face due to air pollution in future.