Cheat meals: A benign or ominous variant of binge eating behavior? (original) (raw)
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Binge eating in a Slovenian population-based sample of adults
Slovenian Journal of Public Health, 2022
Introduction: Binge eating is the most common form of disordered eating associated with obesity, reduced quality of life, and medical and psychological comorbidities. It therefore affects the well-being of individuals. This underscores the fact that it is a serious public health problem. The study aimed to investigate binge eating and anxiety across gender, age and body mass index in a large population sample of adults in Slovenia. Methods: A total of 3,310 adult volunteers participated in this cross-sectional study. Questionnaires, including a binge eating and anxiety scale and an eating behaviour questionnaire, were completed by 1,487 subjects (90.9% female, ages 18 to 69). Results: The frequency of reported binge eating was 29.9%, with 9.8% of participants reporting severe binge eating, and the presence of overweight and obesity was high (41.8%). BMI was associated with this problematic eating, and explained 5.4% of the variation in binge eating. Importantly, anxiety was the most important factor related to binge eating, with younger participants and women reporting significantly more anxiety. Conclusion: The high presence of binge eating, obesity and anxiety in the Slovenian population-based sample is worrying. Anxiety is clearly an important factor in understanding the relationship between negative affect and binge eating, as it accounts for a greater proportion of the variance in binge eating symptoms than BMI. Particularly concerning was the fact that the youngest participants showed the greatest anxiety. Targeting anxious adolescents and females is important from a health perspective because it can impact the physical and mental health of the population in the long term. Uvod: Hranjenje z izgubo nadzora (angl. binge eating) je najpogostejša oblika motenega prehranjevanja, povezana z debelostjo, zmanjšano kakovostjo življenja, zdravstvenimi komorbidnostmi in psihološko disfunkcijo ter tako vpliva na dobro počutje posameznika. Gre torej za resen javnozdravstveni problem. Namen raziskave je bil raziskati to moteno prehranjevanje in anksioznost glede na spol, starost in indeks telesne mase na velikem populacijskem vzorcu odraslih v Sloveniji. Metode: V tej presečni študiji je sodelovalo 3.310 odraslih prostovoljcev. 1.487 (90,9 % žensk, starih od 18 do 69 let) je izpolnilo vprašalnike v celoti. Uporabili smo vprašalnik hranjenja z izgubo nadzora, anksioznosti in vprašalnik o prehranjevalnem vedenju. Rezultati: Pogostost motenega prehranjevanja je bila 29,9-odstotna, pri čemer je 9,8 % udeležencev poročalo o hudem hranjenju z izgubo nadzora. Prisotnost prekomerne telesne mase in debelosti je bila visoka (41,8 %). ITM je bil povezan s tem problematičnim prehranjevanjem. Anksioznost je bila statistično pomembno povezana z motenim prehranjevanjem, izgubo nadzora, pri čemer so mlajši udeleženci in ženske poročali o znatno višji anksioznosti. Sklep: Zaskrbljujoče je visoko poročanje o hranjenju z izgubo nadzora, debelosti in anksioznosti med odraslimi v Sloveniji. Predvsem pa rezultati opozarjajo na pomen anksioznosti, saj je očitno pomembno povezana s problematičnim hranjenjem, ki skupaj z visokim ITM lahko dolgoročno vpliva na fizično in psihično zdravje v populaciji. Skrb vzbujajoč je rezultat, da so bili mladi tisti, ki so izkazovali najvišjo anksioznost. Usmerjanje na anksiozne mladostnike in ženske tako ni pomembno samo z vidika duševnega zdravja, zdi se, da tudi za preprečevanje potencialno resnih posledic, kot so debelost ali druge zdravstvene komorbidnosti.
Eating Behaviors, 2011
Males and females engage in comparable rates of binge eating, but gender differences in what constitutes a "binge" may contribute to the disproportionate likelihood of females meeting diagnostic criteria for binge eating disorder (BED). Using data from one university enrolled in the 2010 Healthy Minds Study, we investigated the differences in "eating binge" definitions as a function of gender, BED status, and their interaction. This sample of 969 undergraduate college students was 64.0% female, and 9.3% (10.7% of women; 6.9% of males) met the screening criteria for BED. Open-ended responses defining a "binge" were coded into psychological/behavioral and food themes. Females with BED were most likely to mention loss of control when defining an eating binge, and relative to males with BED, they were significantly more likely to mention sweet foods; males with BED were significantly more likely to mention pizza. Findings suggest that among those without BED, females mentioned mood, type of food, and engaging in compensatory behaviors significantly more often than males. Results suggests that the diagnostic emphasis on binge eating as involving "loss of control" may lead to a heightened diagnosis of BED among females, yet both genders may experience a comparable weight-related sequelae from binge eating.
Eating patterns in patients with spectrum binge-eating disorder
The International journal of eating disorders, 2011
We sought to describe meal and snack frequencies of individuals with recurrent binge eating and examine the association between these eating patterns and clinical correlates. Data from 106 women with a minimum diagnosis of recurrent binge eating were used. Meal and snack frequencies were correlated with measures of weight, eating disorder features, and depression. Participants who ate breakfast every day (n = 25) were compared with those who did not (n = 81) on the same measures. Breakfast was the least, and dinner the most, commonly consumed meal. Evening snacking was the most common snacking occasion. Meal patterns were not significantly associated with clinical correlates; however, evening snacking was associated with binge eating. Our findings largely replicated those reported in earlier research. More research is needed to determine the role of breakfast consumption in binge eating.
Psychiatric disorders among obese binge eaters
International Journal of Eating Disorders, 1990
This study compared the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among obese binge eaters (n = 25) and obese non-binge eaters (n = 25) of similar age and weight. Subjects were interviewed by clinicians who were blind to the patients' binge status using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Sixty percent of bingers met criteria for one or more psychiatric disorders, compared with 28% of nonbingers, with differences most apparent in affective disorder; 32% of obese bingers reported a history of affective disorder versus only 8% of nonbingers. Obese binge eaters also reported significantly more psychiatric symptoms, especially symptoms of depression, anxiety, and sexual dysfunction.
A cognitive-behavioural comparison of binge eating and non-binge eating in a non-clinical population
2005
Binge eating episodes occur in a significant proportion of the non-clinical population, although only a small proportion of these individuals progress to developing disabling eating disorders. The purpose of this research was to examine the nature of binge eating episodes verses non-binge eating episodes and the nature of subjective binge eating episodes and objective binge eating episodes as they occur in a nonclinical population. This study consisted of 113 undergraduate psychology students who completed a range of self-report measures including the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2), demographics questionnaire and binge diary. Sixty-seven percent reported that they had experienced a binge-eating episode in the previous 12 months, whilst only 40% had experienced a binge-eating episode as measured by DSM-IV criteria. The results indicate that the Bulimia, Body Dissatisfaction and Interoceptive Awareness subscales of the EDI-2 differentiate between binge eating episodes and non-bin...
Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2023
Introduction: Research on binge eating disorder continues to evolve and advance our understanding of recurrent binge eating. Methods: This mixed-methods, cross-sectional survey aimed to collect information from experts in the field about clinical aspects of adult binge eating disorder pathology. Fourteen experts in binge eating disorder research and clinical care were identified based on receipt of relevant federal funding, PubMed-indexed publications, active practice in the field, leadership in relevant societies, and/or clinical and popular press distinction. Anonymously recorded semi-structured interviews were analyzed by ≥ investigators using reflexive thematic analysis and quantification. Results: Identified themes included: () obesity (%); () intentional/voluntary or unintentional/involuntary food/eating restriction (%); () negative a ect, emotional dysregulation, and negative urgency (%); () diagnostic heterogeneity and validity (%); () paradigm shifts in understanding binge eating disorder (%); and () research gaps/future directives (%). Discussion: Overall, experts call for a better understanding of the relationship between binge eating disorder and obesity, including a need for clarification around the extent to which the two health issues are separate vs. related/overlapping. Experts also commonly endorse food/eating restriction and emotion dysregulation as important components of binge eating disorder pathology, which aligns with two common models of binge eating disorder conceptualization (e.g., dietary restraint theory and emotion/a ect regulation theory). A few experts spontaneously identified several paradigm shifts in our understanding of who can have an eating disorder (beyond the anorexi-centric "thin, White, a uent, cis-gendered neurotypical female" stereotype), and the various factors that can drive binge eating. Experts also identified several areas where classification issues may warrant future research. Overall, these results highlight the continual advancement of the field to better understand adult binge eating disorder as an autonomous eating disorder diagnosis.
Binge eating behavior in patients with eating disorders
Obesity research, 1994
The purpose of this study was to determine whether the objectively observed binge eating behavior of obese subjects meeting the proposed DSM-IV criteria for binge eating disorder would be similar to that observed in patients with bulimia nervosa. Non-obese patients with bulimia nervosa (BN), obese subjects with binge eating disorder (BED), obese and non-obese women without eating disorders were each instructed to binge eat single- and multiple-item meals. In the multiple-item meal, the obese subjects with BED ate significantly more (1515 kcal) than obese subjects without BED (1115 kcal), but they ate less than the normal-weight bulimic patients (2680 kcal). The non-obese controls ate amounts similar to the obese non-binge-eating-disordered group (1093 and 1115.2 kcal, respectively). In the single-item meal, consisting of ice cream, patients with BN ate significantly more than any other group (1307 kcal), while obese subjects with or without binge-eating disorder ate significantly more (762 kcal) than non-obese controls (308 kcal). This study has demonstrated that although both BN and BED are characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating, quantitatively there appear to be differences between the eating disturbances in the two disorders. Because single- and multiple-item meals differ in external cues, these results also suggest that the obese subjects with BED may be disinhibited by external cues, while obese subjects without BED may be inhibited by external cues.
Nutrition & Food Science, 2021
Purpose Understanding humans’ food intake practices is helpful in reducing health problems. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between eating behaviours and binge eating and to examine the influence of sex and weight status on these relationships. Design/methodology/approach A total of seventy-eight participants (39 with overweight; mean age: 38.1 ± 6.3 years; body mass index [BMI]: 25 ± 5.7 kg/m2) underwent measurements of binge eating, eating styles and body compositions. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed to predict binge eating as a function of eating styles and demographic variables. Findings Women presented higher levels of binge eating symptomatology and emotional eating than men. The analysis showed that age and gender did not emerge as important predictors of binge eating. In contrast, emotional and external eating and BMI were found to be important predictors of binge eating. The results indicate that higher emotional and ...
Validity and utility of the current definition of binge eating
International Journal of Eating Disorders, 2009
Objective: Binge eating, a cardinal symptom of bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED), continues to pose challenges in terms of its definition and thus construct validity and clinical utility. This article reviews the available empirical data that support or refute the current DSM-IV-TR defined characteristics of a binge episode.