Novel Machines: Introduction (original) (raw)

The Novel and the Machine in the Eighteenth Century

Novel: A Forum on Fiction

The dynamic structural model for the erotics of narrative in the eighteenth century was l’homme machine of French philosopher Julien de la Mettrie. Set in this context, the narrative digressions symbolized by Corporal Trim’s arabesque in Tristram Shandy do not exemplify narrative desire, as Peter Brooks argued in Reading for the Plot, so much as frustrate it. A close reading of Tristram Shandy shows that Sterne intended his novel to resist what he saw as a series of related mid-eighteenth-century cultural developments: a paradigm shift towards using mechanical philosophy in science, the disciplining of the body in order to maximize production and reproduction, and the increasing popularity of novel reading. Sterne’s novel features stopped clocks, broken machines and stories that, despite titillating beginnings, fail to satisfy the concupiscence of readers who turn the pages only to get to the end. The coach whose stages are compared to the breaks between chapters in Fielding’s Joseph Andrews becomes in Sterne’s text the speeding post chaise, a new technology in the mid-eighteenth century, which carries Tristram in his flight from death in Volume VII. Just as the accident that shatters Tristram’s post-chaise allows him to discover the ancient pleasures of mule-travel, so the disruption of narrative is designed to awaken readers to the polymorphous pleasures of older, slower kinds of reading, now facing eclipse in the age of the novel.

Literary Studies in the Age of Mechanical Thinking

The paper explores the application of ideological principles to the study of literature. In the first part it discusses the fears for the current study of literature as expressed by René Wellek in some of his late essays, and contrasts them with the opinions expressed in the Bernheimer Report on Professional Standards submitted to American Comparative Literature Association. The second part consists of the analysis of recent views on the proliferation of ideological principles in literary studies and their consequences for the reading and studying of literature. It concludes by emphasising the need to rehabilitate literary criticism, suppressed by the excesses of literary theory.

Mediums in Literary Settings: The Leverage of Technology in the Modern Novel

2015

Literary theorists have always been in search of new ways of expression and new experiments, so much so with reference to the modern novel like, for instance James Joyce 's Ulysses , Dubliners , or Portrait of the Artist . Generally, modern writers made use of theoretical notes or marginal ia in order to approve or disapprove of certain terms and ideologies, and to set forth their distinct aesthetic philosophy well into the 20th century. The fact that modern writers such as Joyce were in a constant process of changing perspectives and denouncing Realism 's infatua- tion with objectivity can be traced back to their common habit of leaving behind works unfin- ished just to have a glance into the newly launched technologies on the market, and to put to the test the functionality of subjectivism through the stimuli mediated by scientific discoveries such as waves communication, atonality or techniques similar to the stored-program architec- ture. The question remains for us, and...

Technology and Formal Innovation in the Contemporary Novel

Etudes britanniques contemporaines, 2020

The recently-established Goldsmiths Prize, rewards ‘creative daring [and] fiction that breaks the mould or extends the possibilities of the novel form’. The prize’s existence suggests a resurgence in the interest in questions of formal novelty, the prestige of which has historically fluctuated in the U.K. Several recently shortlisted novels have broached the topic of contemporary communications technologies and their relationship to narrative and self-definition, while deploying stylistic devices which encourage readers to associate formal experimentation with these themes. In a societal context in which human individuality is seemingly being undermined by technology, it seems pertinent to investigate the ways in which the ‘experimental’ novel can represent character and thought while possibly providing answers to the question of their potentially frightening uniformization.

‘The Origins of Science Fiction: The Rise of the Machine – An examination of the importance of technology in early science fiction’

Trinity College Dublin Journal of Postgraduate Research, vol. 6 , 2007

By the late nineteenth century the fundamental dependence of society on technology was indisputable. Due to a combination of fortunate economic circumstances and the influence of Social Darwinism, the Victorians increasingly believed that social progress was inevitable and were developing a quasi-religious faith in their technology as the means of progress. Fascination with new technology was apparent in the literature of the time, especially in early works of science fiction, or scientific romance as H. G. Wells originally referred to the genre. One of the key reasons for the emergence of this genre was to explore the ever-widening influence of the machine on society. By machine I am referring collectively to scientific research and development, and the technology and machinery that resulted from it, both industrial and military. The widely-held view of the role of the machine in society was optimistic: advances in technology that provided a competitive advantage over rival countries or the ability to expand overseas colonies were to be welcomed. But the corollary was a cause for concern – the technological advance of rivals was to be feared. Not everyone believed in technological progress as inherently beneficial: some worried that it moved too quickly for its full consequences to be understood, others worried about technology falling into the wrong hands. In spite of the general optimism, there was an underlying anxiety about the unchecked development of the machine.

The New Technologies and the Novel: Re-coding Narrative in Book Form

Recherches Sémiotiques / Semiotic Inquiry

The focus of this paper is on the novel in book form and on the influence and impact of the new media and their technologies, both as hardware and software, including the Internet and varied web content — web pages, online magazines, blogs, chat rooms, forums, social networks and media — as well as mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets and therefore text messaging (SMS) and instant messenger services. Three main questions guide this paper. Have the Internet, the new media and digital devices altered the way authors conceive, design and weave together their narratives in books? How is the interaction or mutual relation between various old and new media (art, cartoons, cinema, and TV included) achieved within the codex book? Do authors expunge or expose the phenomenon of media merging and interaction? By analysing works by five writers - British, Canadian and American - Matt Beaumont and Jeanette Winterson, Douglas Coupland, Mark Z. Danielewski and Jennifer Egan - this paper looks at the codex form as one medium among others, and as a diagrammatic, phenomenal and performative space (see Drucker 2007) rather than a representative/figurative space, and as an ur-coding practice now existing among newer ones.