Mapping press ideology. A methodological proposal to systematise the analysis of political ideologies in newspapers (original) (raw)
Related papers
Ideology in Media Studies: How the Media Work
Social Science Research Network, 2009
Historically the role of ideology in media studies was largely determined by the paradigm shifts-from Marxist to pluralist, from pluralist to critical theory, from critical theory to neo-Marxist, from neo-Marxist to critical paradigm. These paradigm shifts in turn were determined by different historical and political contexts of society. With the advent of technology and major changes in socio-legal, economic and political institutions of society over the past decades, the content, form, ownership pattern, control and function of the media have mediated into a very complex structure which requires a combination of different theoretical views in media studies. By analyzing both the strengths and weaknesses of each of these different theoretical views, this paper suggests that a critical analysis of 'ideology' is essential in any media studies when the question is how the media work.
Ideology and Discourse in Prime News Bulletin
2016
One of the major tools of media as the main source of discourse and ideology for modernity is the television. TV channels construct hegemony over individuals through the discourses they produce by news bulletins. TV news that call the individuals as subjects, function as ideological apparatus to align the society. In that manner, each TV channel try to pass its own ideology and discourse. In this research, two TV channels which are the first examples of their categories will be examined in terms of their hegemony- constructing efforts through news broadcasting. The data for the research was collected by watching the evening news for two months. The data was analyzed using content analysis methods. The major result of the analysis was the fact that each of the TV channels produced their ideologies and discourses using different representations in relation to their specific audience.
Journalists often impose upon the audience a biased perspective on events. Their purpose is not objectivity, but the delivery of enough information to make it free and self-governing. The fact that the audiences mistakenly expect from journalists the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth is contradicted both by practice, and by the latter's own deontological codes. The market economy in the global context determines media outlets to provide the public with what they want to hear, and the emergence of a huge variety of television and radio broadcast stations, newspapers and forms of new media, have fragmented the audience to an extent never seen before. It is this ideological role of the journalists' that we will analyze, focusing on the manner in which global news have been presented from different perspectives in the English, French and Romanian press, using the framework of the critical discourse analysis. Ideology is linked to knowledge, beliefs and value systems of the individual (in our case, the journalistic producer) and the society in which he or she operates. Being related sometimes to manipulation and power relations, ideology has become increasingly central to work in translation studies. Most studies have focused on literary and religious texts, consequently limiting a wider understanding of how ideological clashes and encounters can influence a certain audience. However, the relationship between language and ideology has raised interest among media discourse and translation scholars, some of which believe that there is a determinant relation between ideological processes and linguistic processes. More precisely, theorists believe that the linguistic options bear ideological meaning and that substratal ideologies are " planted " in linguistic structures such as vocabulary and syntax. The ideology of the news writers is not always apparent, but it is obscured within the sophisticated use of linguistic forms, and only by analyzing linguistic structures critically could the ideological implications of news discourse be made obvious. Some believe that all forms and content of texts bear the imprint of ideological processes and structures, a statement which is not denied by the media conduct organisms. For instance, Article 1 from the Romanian Press Club Code of Conduct (Codul deontologic al ziaristului) states that the journalist has the primary duty of telling the truth, despite the consequences it may have, an obligation derived from the constitutional right of the public to be well informed. Similarly, the French Code déontologique de la Société des journalistes professionnels claims that a journalist has to check the degree of truthfulness of the information and never intentionally distort the facts. Moreover, the American media official viewpoint concerning its purpose is that of providing citizens with the necessary information for being free and self-governing, to create common language and knowledge. We thus notice that none of these regulations claim that journalists have to be objective, as the truth can differ according to ideology. Journalists feel that their job is to present the audience enough information to enable it to make its own decisions. People want the whole
Words Speak Louder than Actions: A Critical Analysis of Ideological Perspectives in Media Discourse
This paper critically analyses the discourses of a news report of one Pakistani and one British newspaper on the same incident. The analysis suggested that both newspapers, in line with and , managed to fulfill the expectations of their primary audience and give their own interpretation of reality. The analysis indicated how social and cultural identities played a role in shaping these newspapers' ideologies regarding the incident. Though, Dijk (1988)
TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa), 2020
Aware of the well-studied non-neutrality of media and the challenge that represents to have mechanisms to objectively identify the ideological bias, this thesis provides a methodological proposal to assess the political ideology of newspapers. The model’s originality lies on merging the contribution from political and communication sciences, as it is built considering the core values of political ideologies. The model is qualitatively inspired by the Critical Discourse Analysis perspective, and quantitatively by the traditional Content Analysis. It allows to compare samples according to an ideological framework and classify the outlets in four categories: elitism, egalitarianism, communitarianism and individualism. The model was applied to study the one-year time frame (2018) of editorial content (n=2,195) from the eight most read online newspapers in Brazil. The results show the feasibility of the model and draw a scenario dominated by a strong elitist discourse with only one off-key Brazilian newspaper leaning towards an egalitarian worldview.
Ideology in the BBC and Press TV’s Coverage of Syria Unrest: A Schema-Based Approach
The present paper investigates how far ideologies can be teased out in discourse by examining the schemata employed by two ideologically opposed news media, the BBC and Press TV, to cover the Syrian crisis during a period of nine months in 2011. By assuming that news is not a value-free construction of facts and drawing on micro structural approach of schema theory a comparative analysis of twenty six news texts posted by the two news agencies was conducted. Every attempt was made to choose the news posted by the agencies on the same topic on the same date. The analysis showed that the BBC and Press TV employed not only exclusive but also common schemata, which were significantly different in number hammering their contrasting perspectives in the minds of their viewers. The results are discussed from an educational perspective and suggestions are made for future research.
News and ideology: an evaluation of" critical studies" of news
1984
The author has placed restrictions on the PDF copy of this thesis. The PDF is not printable nor copyable. If you would like the SFU Library to attempt to contact the author to get permission to print a copy, please email your request to thesis@ sfu. ca.
Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 2013
As one of the most important sites in which and through which national agenda is articulated and disseminated, national newspapers play particularly important roles in representing and interpreting news stories (Li, 2009, p. 85). Drawing on Van Dijk's (1998) socio-cognitive approach and Fairclough's (1995) approach of intertextual analysis of news discourse and within the paradigm of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), this study examined how three cases of ideologically conflicting ideas are interpreted and represented in western printed media. The conflicting ideas taken into account included Iran Nuclear Program, Iran Sanctions, and Syria Crisis for which the ideological stances of Iranian officials and most of the western countries strongly differ. Meanwhile, the study attempted to clarify how linguistic tools can carry ideological traits in their discoursal properties resulting in misrepresentation of above-mentioned news stories while at the same time legitimating the ideological stances of their favorite sources. Interestingly, the findings revealed that linguistic tools are among the most important devices through which ideological proclivities can be placed in the news stories of newspapers. Besides, such linguistic tools as lexicalization and collocational patterns, presupposition, intertextuality, and modality were identified as the items with the highest frequency of use in the representations of such news stories.
“FRAGILE" AND "FLEXIBLE" CONSTRUCTION OF IDEOLOGY IN MEDIA: THE CROWN EXAMPLE
Ideology in Communication Studies, 2020
Any format that takes place in mass media has to be inevitably ideological. Ideology is consciously or unconsciously permeated in media texts. There is a wide range of literature and various approaches focusing on the mass media and ideology relationship. In the most general terms, there are two essential approaches to the relationship between media and ideology (Yağlı, 2009, p. 17-19). The first of these, the liberal pluralist approach, defends that media reflects the outer social reality. According to this approach, media does not produce ideology, it reflects the ideology that already exists in social reality. On the other hand, according to the critical approach, media is a tool that does not reflect reality but constructs it. Accordingly, ideology is produced throughout media texts. This study adopts the critical approach defending that ideology is produced through media texts. However, unlike the Marxist critical theory, instead of the idea that ideology is a concept with only a negative meaning, it is accepted as the general knowledge pattern in the society as Mannheim expressed in his conceptualization of “total ideology”. The field in which the ideology is mostly generated is the media texts. It is obvious that mainly fascist, nazist or socialist ideologies, as strict ideologies, were apparent in media texts in the Second World War, where the media was used as a direct propaganda tool. However, according to the approach that accepts ideology as a map of meaning, every text contains ideology. Thus, today all kinds of media products in media, from news programs to advertisements, cinema films to competition programs, directly or indirectly contain ideology. And among the productions especially in which ideology is constructed, historical tv series have a significant place. In this study, The Crown tv series, which is aired by Netflix and about Queen Elizabeth II, is analyzed. In terms of the delimitation of the subject, the first ten episodes of the tv series will be examined, and discourse analysis will be used as the method of the analysis. The ideology behind the identified discourses will be evaluated comparatively within the framework of "fragile" and "flexible" ideology concepts which we have developed in the light of Mannheim's conceptualization of ideology and utopia.