Evaluate the effectiveness of various nematicides and bio-agents in controlling nematode diseases on certain fruit crops under Ismailia governorate conditions in Egypt (original) (raw)
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A field treatment was conducted to evaluate the nematicidal activity of chicken manure and biopesticides (bio-arc , bio-zeid and nemex) viz. chemical nematicides (fydal 24 % SL , tervigo (2% SC), laguna (40% EC) and nemathorin (10% G) against plant -parasitic nematodes infecting fruit orchard located in Sharkia Governorate during 2018. Treatments of chicken manure was at the rate of 30 Kg/ tree , while that of biopesticides were applied at rate of 160 g/tree with bio-arc and bio-zeid , whereas nemex was applied at rate of 24 mL/ tree. Chemical nematicides were applied at rates of 15 mL//tree , 50 g/ tree , 24 mL/tree and 12 mL with fydal 24 % SL, tervigo , laguna and nemathorin , respectively. Samples were taken monthly during three months after application. Results indicated that of the eight tested materials, fydal was the most effective in suppressing umbers of phytonematodes followed by chicken manure while among biopesticides , bio-arc was the least effective one. After one month of application, remarkable decreased in numbers of plant-parasitic nematodes was detected. For instance, in fydal and chicken manure treatments, percentages of reduction in numbers of Tylenchulus semipenetrans, Pratylenchus spp., Tylenchorhynchus spp., Hoplolaimus spp. and Helicotylenchus spp. were diminished by 49.75 %(40.92 %) ,56.97% (53.54%), 55.47% (55.83%), 50.53% (50.53%) and 52.52 % (50.42%), respectively. After two months of application, percentage of reduction was increased to reach 69.25 %(68.53%) ,81.26% (71.37%), 83.18% (80.08%), 86.92% (83.00%) and 81.77 % (61.93%), respectively for mentioned nematodes. On the other hand, after three months of application, no significant differences ( P ≤ 0.05) was noticed between fydal and chicken manure whereas, the biopesticides were the least effectiveness against plant -parasitic nematodes. Generally, results emphasized that chicken and biopesticides could be used to minimize the population density of plant-parasitic nematodes in citrus orchards.
ORIGINAL ARTICLES Effects Of Some Fungi And Bacteria As Bio-Control Agents Against Citrus Nematode
2012
The nematicidal effect of bacterial bio-control agents, i.e. Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Sarratia marcescens and fungal bio-control agents, i.e. Aspergillus niger, Penicillium digitatum, Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma viride were examined against Tylenchulus semipenetrans in vitro and in vivo tests. In vitro tests, the effect of cultural filtrates of bio-control agents was evaluated at concentrations of S and/or S/2. All bio-control agents were found to be highly nematostatic against J 2 of citrus nematode. B. subtilis at S concentration was more effective against j 2 of nematode after 72h exposure time, since the nematode mortality % was 100.0%, 99.9% and 99.2% for B. subtilis, S. marcescens and P. fluorescens, respectively. The effect of fungal bio-agents against j 2 was less compared with bacterial bio-control agents. As nematode mortality was 97.6%, 97.0%, 89.4% and 87.8%. For T. viride, T. harzianum, P. digitatum and A. niger, respectively At S concent...
Fungal and bacterial nematicides in integrated nematode management strategies
Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control
Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) pose a serious threat to quantitative and qualitative production of many economic crops worldwide. An average worldwide crop loss of 12.6% (equaled $215.77 billion) annually has been estimated due to these nematodes for only the top 20 life-sustaining crops. Due to the growing dissatisfaction with hazards of chemical nematicides, interest in microbial control of PPNs is increasing and biological nematicides are becoming an important component of environmentally friendly management systems. Fungal and bacterial nematicides rank high among other biocontrol agents. In order to maximize their benefits, such bio-nematicides can be included in integrated nematode management (INM) programs, and ways that make them complimentary or superior to chemical nematode management methods were highlighted. This is especially important where bio-nematicides can act synergistically or additively with other agricultural inputs in integrated pest management programs. Consolidated use of bio-nematicides and other pesticides should be practiced on a wider basis. This is especially important, since there are many bio-nematicides which are or are likely to become widely available soon. Identification of research priorities for harnessing fungal and bacterial nematicides in sustainable agriculture as well as understanding of their ecology, biology, mode of action, and interaction with other agricultural inputs is still needed. Therefore, accessible fungal and bacterial nematicides with their comprehensive references and relevant information, i.e., the active ingredient, product name, type of formulation, producer, targeted nematode species and crop, and country of origin, are summarized herein.
Effect of Nematicide Application Rates and Frequencies on Control of Root-Knot Nematodes in Mobydick
I International Symposium on Ornamentals in Africa, 2015
Mobydick has important pest challenges, including root-knot nematodes, and being recently domesticated, its pest management is guided by borrowing practices applied in other crops. To enhance efficiency of available nematode management strategies, a survey was carried out to establish farmers' awareness of root-knot nematodes of mobydick and their management. Purposive and random sampling was used to select Murang'a, Nyeri and Meru counties and households, respectively. In an on-station experiment to determine the best nematicide application regime for management of nematodes, VYDATE10G ® was applied at variable regimes: two weeks pre-planting, at planting, and at 12 and 20 weeks after planting. Survey data subjected to correlation or analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results showed that 10% of the farmers in Meru propagated own planting materials compared to 50% in Murang'a and Nyeri Counties, while 50% source from neighbours. About 10% farmers sort seedlings; 1% treat the roots against nematodes before planting while only 2% considered soil health during nursery and field site selection one year rotation was common in all areas with maize (40%) or other crops (60%). Majority (96%) farmers applied nematicide at planting only while 4% applied at both planting and at flowering. There was correlation, r(21)=-0.506, p=0.014 between number of nematicide applications and nematode population in the soil samples and yield. Nematicide application regime in which combination was pre-plant, after 12 weeks and then 20 weeks outperformed other treatments. Compared to control, mean height and number of branches at flowering increased by 40% and time to flowering reduced by 20% while number of harvestable stems and their mean length increased by 25%. Overall, nematode population decreased by 72%. All the parameters differed significantly (p<0.05) compared to other treatments. Soil pre-treatment plus increased nematicide application frequencies were better for nematode reduction and increased yield. Results show that integration of chemicals with cultural practices such as crop rotations and antagonistic plants should be explored.
Optimizing biological control agents for controlling nematodes of tomato in Egypt
Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control
Tomato is a major vegetable crop in Egypt and worldwide. Yet, many plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs), especially Meloidogyne spp. and Rotylenchulus reniformis are a devastating threat to tomato cultivation in Egypt. This review addresses their biology, ecology, and economic importance from the standpoint of pest management. Soil treatment with synthetic nematicides has given some protection and enhanced tomato yields, but health hazards and environmental pollution are obstructing their intensive use. Moreover, some of such nematicides are being banned from the market. Therefore, safe biological control agents (BCAs) and their bioactive compounds should better be researched and developed to effectively replace hazardous nematicides. Abamectin, produced during the fermentation process of the actinomycete Streptomyces avermitilis, is recommended to manage PPNs of tomato in Egypt but further exploration should allocate where BCAs can reliably act with other agricultural inputs. Examples ...
A field study was set up at Kafre-Hakim village, Giza, Governorate, Egypt, to compare the protective value of applying environmental friendly compounds with a known chemical nematicide, oxamyl, for controlling the nematode Meloidogyne incognita infecting sunflower cv. Sakha 53 and their effects on crop production and oil contents. These compounds were 1) furfural,a natural nematicide, 2) amino green 11, commercial formula of amino acids, 3) NPK, an inorganic fertilizer. Data revealed that all the tested treatments resulted in variable significant decrease in root knot disease incidence associated with improvement in crop yield except the plants treated with furfural plus amino green 11 that showed a significant decrease in percentage of oil content. A significant decrease in shoot weight was observed by applying the combined treatment of furfural plus NPK. Moreover, oxamyl plus amino green 11 resulted in-12% reductions in shoot weight. From the present study it was concluded that be...
Journal of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2013
distribution of root-knot nematodes infected and parasitized grapevine plantations in Alexandria and El-Behera governorates revealed the presence of three species, e.g. Meloidogyne arenaria, M. incognita and M. javanica. The root-knot nematode, M. incognita was the most common and presented in all the collected samples followed by M. javanica and M. arenaria. Pot experiment conducted for the evaluation of hot water treatments of grapevine seedlings naturally infected with M. incognita either alone or combined with any of the three nematicides, Furadan 10G, Rugby 60% and Vydate 24% showed that the combined treatment between hot water and any of the three tested nematicides significantly reduced number of nematode root galls and egg-masses formed on grapevine roots by 82.4-93.3%. Field experiment of soil solarization for naturally M. incognita infested soil followed by cultivation of healthy grapevine seedlings then treated with any of the three nematicides showed effective control of this pathogen. Nematicide applications for grapevine seedlings resulted in reducing nematode gall and egg masses formed on grapevine roots, reducing nematode populations and improving growth of grapevine seedlings compared to check treatment (shaded lines).
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology (Print), 2019
Lettuce and French bean production are severely infected by root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita which causes critical damage to economic plants. Therefore, the farmers have to use chemical nematicides with or without adding adjuvants to enhance the active ingredient delivery to the target nematode. A current study was conducted to assess the direct effect of three adjuvants namely Silwet L-77, Sylgard 309 and Agrimax 3H comparing with three formulations of oxamyl, fosthiazate and fenamiphos on root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. In vitro experiments, ovicidal effect of Silwet L-77, Sylgard 309 and Agrimax 3H on eggs hatching of root-knot nematode was close to the lowest efficient nematicide fenamiphos when the adjuvants were applied at double recommended rate but their effect does not rise to the level of oxamyl or fosthiazate. On the other hand, mortality percentages of second-stage juveniles resulted from Silwet L-77, Sylgard 309 and Agrimax 3H at the recommended rate were 37.33, 50.00 and 42.19 %, respectively. Whereas, double recommended rate of such materials induced mortality percentages reached 46.66, 47.83 and 48.66 %, respectively comparing with 90.83,74.33 and 45.83% resulted from the tested nematicides oxamyl, fosthiazate and fenamiphos, respectively. On the other hand, controlling the root-knot nematode infecting lettuce and French bean plants under greenhouse conditions revealed that adjuvants have weak or limited nematicidal effect with minor potency in reduction nematode development incomparable with the tested standard nematicides, and does not rise to the lowest effect of a tested nematicide fenamiphos. However, both tested plants showed no visual phytotoxicity symptoms.
Management of Tomato Parasitic Nematode through Organic Nematicides in Peshawar, Pakistan
Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2020
The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, is parasitic to the plants and greatly damages the root of many vegetables. The current in-Planta study was designed to explore the nematicidal properties of several botanicals (neem oil, garlic oil, castor oil, extracts of Tagetes patula and Datura inoxia at a standard dose of 2.0%) at District Peshawar, Pakistan. Tomato (cv. Riogrande) was grown in earthen pots for the growing seasons of 2014 to 2016. Pure culture of the root-knot nematodes were grown in laboratory and were applied at the rate of 50 infective juvenile and 200 eggs per root system through soil drench method. Neem oil and Datura inoxia gave the best results by having lower number (2.8 and 5.8, respectively) of galls. Adult females and egg masses were also reduced to 0.9 and 4.8, respectively, per root system. All the treatments differences were statistically significant (P≤ 0.05). Plant growth parameters were also upraised with application of medicinal herbs. This study...
Nematropica, 2002
The effectiveness of fosthiazate (Nemathorin® 10G) was evaluated on bananas against plant-parasitic nematodes and black weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus , in four field trials in Martinique. In the first trial, two rates of fosthiazate (2.0 and 3.0 g a.i./mat) were compared with aldicarb (Temik® 10G), applied at 2.0 g a.i./mat. In the three other studies, fosthiazate, at 1.5 and 2.0 g a.i./mat applied 3 times per year, was compared with alternate applications of 3 reference nematicides: cadusafos (3.0 g a.i./mat), aldicarb (2.0 g a.i./mat) and fenamifos (3.0 g a.i./mat). A non treated check was included in all 4 experiments. Trials 3 and 4 had high levels of weevil so a standard insecticide vs. banana weevil, fipronil (0.2 g a.i./mat), was applied on the check plots. The burrowing nematode, Radopholus similis , was the dominant nematode species, followed by the spiral nematode Helicotylenchus multicinctus in trials 1, 3 and 4 whereas root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. , dominated the nematofauna in trial 2 and were present at all sites. The lance nematode, Hoplolaimus seinhorsti , was only important on trial 2. Fosthiazate was as effective as the standard nematicides in trials 1 and 2 and significantly more effective in trials 3 and 4 against the burrowing nematode, R. similis. Few differences were observed in the control of H. multicinctus whereas both rates of fosthiazate significantly reduced infection by Meloidogyne spp. and H. seinhorsti. Fosthiazate was as effective against C. sordidus as fipronil. Fosthiazate treatments increased banana yields up to 35% compared to check plots by preventing toppling-over.