210Po and 210Pb in soils and vegetables in Kucuk Menderes basin of Turkey (original) (raw)
Related papers
2013
In this study, a total of 144 bulk soil samples were collected in cultivated and uncultivated sites in different areas for evaluation of the activity concentrations of 210 Po and 210 Pb. Moreover, 4 core samples were collected from four distinct reference points in the Gediz Basin in Turkey and investigated organic matter content, 210 Po and 210 Pb concentrations depending on the depth. The activity concentrations of 210 Po and 210 Pb were measured by means of alpha spectrometry. While the activity concentrations of 210 Po and 210 Pb in cultivated sites are in the ranges of 12 ± 3-86 ± 4 Bq kg −1 dw and 17 ± 3-36 ± 3 Bq kg −1 dw, for uncultivated sites the ranges for 210 Po and 210 Pb are 10 ± 4-134 ± 21 Bq kg −1 dw and 23 ± 3-78 ± 5 Bq kg −1 dw, respectively. In general, it is observed that the mean 210 Po and 210 Pb activity concentrations in cultivated sites are lower than the uncultivated sites. The relationships between soil properties and the activity concentrations of the radionuclides indicate that 210 Po and 210 Pb adsorption to soil is strongly related to organic matter content of the soil.
210Po and 210Pb in the Terrestrial Environment
Abstract- The natural sources of 210Po and 210Pb in the terrestrial environment are from atmospheric deposition, soil and ground water. The uptake of radionuclides from soil to plant given as the soil transfer factor, varies widely between various types of crops with an average about 0.056±0.003. The atmospheric deposition of 210Pb and 210Po also affect the activity concentrations in leafy plants with a deposition transfer factor for 210Pb is in the order of 0.1-1 (m2.Bq-1) plants and for root fruits it is < 0.003, Corresponding values for 210Po are about a factor 3 higher. The activity concentration ratios between milk and various types of forage for 210Pb were estimated to 1.4±0.7 and for 210Po to 0.41±0.09. By a daily food intake of 16 kg dry matter per day the transfer coefficient Fm. for 210Pb was estimated to 0.01±0.008 d.l-1 and for 210Po 0.003 ± 0.0007 d.l-1. The high accumulation of 210Po in the food chain Lichens(Cladonia alpestris) - Reindeer was used as a model for qu...
A review of radio chemical analysis and estimation of 210Po in soil matrices
Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences, 2015
The naturally occurring radionuclide 210 Po, arising from the uraniumeradium decay series, provides a considerable contribution to the radiation exposure to humans. Polonium is analyzed for a variety of purposes, including for radiological impact assessment or as a tracer of environmental processes. Losses of polonium may occur at temperatures above 100 C, depending on conditions, requiring particular care in sample preparation and treatment. There has been little development regarding analysis of polonium in environmental samples since 1960 as radiochemical analysis of polonium is quite straight forward due to easy of source preparation through auto-deposition on to metal surfaces. In this paper a brief review of estimation of polonium in the soil samples have given emphasis.
Radioactivity in soils and various foodstuffs from the Gediz River Basin of Turkey
Radiation Measurements, 2007
The aim of this study is to determine the enhancement in natural radioactivity level of soils due to the usage of fertilizers, particularly phosphate fertilizers in agricultural lands of Gediz River basin, Western Turkey. In addition, the activity concentrations of naturally occurring radionuclides in some vegetables collected from the same lands were investigated in order to assess any contribution to the effective internal dose after ingestion.
Groundwater is in direct contact with the soil and rocks that dissolve many compounds and minerals including uranium and its daughter products. 210 Po is one of the decay products of 238 U series that cause internal radiation dose in humans when consumed in the form of water and food, including sea food. Therefore, activities of 210 Po have been studied in ground and surface water, and in food samples that are commonly used in Chamarajanagar region of Karnataka, India. The average 210 Po concentration in bore well water samples and surface water samples are 3.21 and 1.85 mBq L −1 , respectively. In raw rice and wheat, the average values of 210 Po are 96 and 41 mBq kg −1 , respectively. In millets and pulses, the average activity of 210 Po is 157 and 79 mBq kg −1 , respectively. Among food items, the highest activity of 1.3 kBq kg −1 is observed in marine crabs and the lowest activity of 2.6 mBq kg −1 is found in milk samples. The average ingestion dose due to 210 Po in ground and surface water are 2.8 and 1.62 μSv y −1 , respectively. The ingestion dose due to various food samples to the population is also calculated. Total ingestion dose due to 210 Po to pure vegetarian population and general population are 38.09 and 590.80 μSv y −1 , respectively. The concentration of 210 Po in water samples and food samples of this region are in a comparable range with the world and Indian average values and lies well below the recommended guideline level.
Activity concentration of 210Pb(210Po) in soils taken from cultivated lands
Radiation Measurements, 2005
In this study, 210 Pb( 210 Po) activity concentrations in surface soils taken from cultivated lands in the Buyuk Menderes Basin in Aegean Region, Turkey were determined. The 210 Pb( 210 Po) activity in soil varies from 0.013 to 0.135 Bq/g with a mean value of 0.041 Bq/g. Its distribution fitted close to normal curve. The mean annual effective dose equivalent was found to be 0.91 Sv/y. The data obtained were statistically evaluated to explain the 210 Pb( 210 Po) distribution in the cultivated lands. The effect of organic matter, clay, silt, sand contents and pH of the soil on the relative adsorption of the 210 Pb( 210 Po) on the surface soils was also studied.
2021
A total of 141 samples; wheat flour samples (66 samples) and cereal product samples (75 samples) such as barley, wheat, vetch, rye and oat collected from local residences, small markets and regional farmers in different districts of Ardahan City were analyzed using a gamma spectrometer with NaI (Tl) scintillation detector. It was observed that the activity concentrations of 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K in wheat flour samples used in the nourishment of living creatures varied between 9.22 ±1.71-38.32±5.74 Bq kg-1 , 10.53 ± 2.82-32.70±2.85 Bq kg-1 and 204.31±32.14-429.54±45.8 Bq kg-1 , respectively. Activity concentration values of 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K for cereal crops detected are compatible with similar studies conducted in the world. The estimated total annual effective dose, based on intake of 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K in cereal crops, ranged from 27.56 ± 5.43 (barley) µSvy-1 and 207.32 ± 44.8 (wheat flour) µSvy-1. These values show that the consumption dose rate resulting from the ingestion of cereal crops by the people of the study region is low and no harmful health effects are expected for living things.
Evaluation of natural radioactivity in a cultivated area around a fertilizer factory
J. Nucl. Radiat. Phys, 2008
Soil samples were collected from a cultivated area, where phosphate fertilizers produced by Abu-Zabal factory. Radioactivity concentration was measured using HPGe (high purity germanium detection system). Specific activity levels due to 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K were measured in 23 fertilized soil samples at different depth from zero to 25 cm with a step of 5 cm depth. The average activity concentration (Bqkg -1 ) in the collected soil samples were found to be in the ranged from 6.0 ± 1.2 to 87.5 ± 4.5 Bqkg -1 with an average value of 31.12 ± 2.22 Bq.kg -1 for 226 Ra, the 232 Th specific activities ranged from 3.8 ± 1.2 to 14.2 ± 3.3 Bqkg -1 with an average value of 10.96 ± 1.89 Bqkg -1 and the 40 K specific activities ranged from 71.8 ± 24 to 543.2 ± 26.5 Bqkg -1 with an average value of 264.1 ± 11.94 Bqkg -1 . The absorbed dose in air at the cultivated farm was found to be 31 nGyh -1 within the range (9.7-57.8) nGyh -1 while it is in the order of the world average level (57nGyh -1 ). The radium equivalent activity (Ra eq ), the external hazard index (H ex ) and the annual dose equivalent were also calculated and compared with the international recommended values and found to be within the international level.
Distribution studies of natural radionuclides in soil, statistical analysis of activity concentrations, and transfer factors (TFs) from soil to the vegetables grown in some selected farming communities within the Greater Accra Region in Ghana were carried out. The measurements were carried out through a gamma-ray spectrometry. The mean activity concentrations of 226 Ra, 228 Ra, and 40 K in the fertilized soils were 20.0 ± 3.9 Bq/kg, 39.0 ± 7.0 Bq/kg, and 143.6 ± 23.3 Bq/kg, respectively. For the nonfertilized soils, mean activity concentrations were found to be 12.07 ± 2.55 Bq/kg for 226 Ra, 27.1 ± 6.3 Bq/kg for 228 Ra, and 87.8 ± 18.5 Bq/kg for 40 K. These results were compared with reported ranges in the literature from other location in the world. The TF for 226 Ra, 228 Ra, and 40 K from fertilized soil to vegetables was evaluated. 226 Ra TF values from fertilized soil to vegetables were found to be higher in lettuce in Farm 6. The highest TF for 40 K and 228 Ra was found in cauliflower in Farm 4. 40 K TF was higher than those values reported in other studies. The activity concentration in fertilized and unfertilized soil exhibited slightly positively skewed, negatively skewed, leptokurtic, and platykurtic distribution in terms of skewness and kurtosis. The activity concentration of natural radionuclides in fertilized and unfertilized soil is statistically insignificant at 5% level of significance using independent t-test. Pearson's correlation coefficient exhibited a negative correlation between 226 Ra and 228 Ra in fertilized soil and 226 Ra and 228 Ra in vegetables but was statistically insignificant while 40 K in fertilized soil exhibited a positive correlation with 40 K in vegetables and was statistically significant at 5% level of significance with a coefficient of determination of 1%, 61%, and 10% for 226 Ra, 40 K, and 228 Ra, respectively.
Radiation and Environmental Biophysics, 2007
One of the three goals of the United Nations for sustainable food security is to ensure that all people have access to sufficient, nutritionally adequate, and safe food. Decades of tin mining in the Bitsichi area of the Jos Plateau, Nigeria, have left a legacy of polluted water supplies, impoverished agricultural land, and soil containing abnormally high levels of naturally occurring radioactive elements. In order to ascertain the radiological food safety of the population, different crops that constitute the major food nutritive requirements were collected directly across farmlands in the area. The activity concentrations of 226 Ra, 228 Th, and 40 K were determined in the food and soil samples using c-ray spectrometry. Additionally, in situ gamma dose rate measurements were performed on the farms using a pre-calibrated survey meter. The corresponding activity concentrations in the food crops ranged from below detection limit (BDL) to 684.5 Bq kg-1 for 40 K, from BDL to 83.5 Bq kg-1 for 226 Ra, and from BDL to 89.8 Bq kg-1 for 228 Th. Activity concentrations of these radionuclides were found to be lower in cereals than in tubers and vegetables. As for the soil samples, activity concentrations of these radionuclides varied from BDL to 166.4 Bq kg-1 , from 10.9 to 470.6 Bq kg-1 , and from 122.7 to 2,189.5 Bq kg-1 for 40 K, 226 Ra, and 228 Th, respectively. Average external gamma dose rates were found to vary across the farms from 0.50 ± 0.01 to 1.47 ± 0.04 lSv h-1. Due to past mining activities, the soil radioactivity in the area has been modified and the concentration level of the investigated natural radionuclides in the food crops has also been enhanced. However, the values obtained suggest that the dose from intake of these radionuclides by the food crops is low and that harmful health effects are not expected.