ANALYSIS ON OIL REMOVING MECHANISM FROM WATER (original) (raw)
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A Mini Review of Using Oleophilic Skimmers for Oil Spill Recovery
Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research & Developments, 2018
1. INTRODUCTION Always, oil spills are considered as the most threat and the most dangerous effects on the sea ecosystems, social economy, and environment. Up to now, oil spills have been known as originated from the maritime operation, oilrig drilling, natural incidents and other [1,2]. An oil spill incident of Deepwater Horizon occurred in 2010 that was considered as the biggest one in the history is an example [3]. The latest incident of oil spills regarding Iranian oil tanker, which sank off the Shanghai shore on 16 January 2018, carried around 1 million oil barrels. In another situation in the US, on 23 June 2018, there were thousands of crude oil gallons leaked into the river due to a train accident related to coming off the tracks [4]. Asmention oil spill incidents have been negatively and seriously affecting the human and animal life, as well as ecological systems and environment [5]. The spilled oil quantity and the affected area by oil spill incident need a well-prepared scheme/plan and a proper selection regarding the technique of oil spill cleanup to assure rapid and effective recovery. Reality showed that the response to the oil spill was relatively successful depending on the existence of effective recovery methods. To do this, besides the as-existed techniques, the selection of the most suitable equipment for the anticipated range of weather and sea (such as wave height, current speed) conditions, types of spilled oil, the possible effects on marine organisms are extremely necessary. Therefore, a great need for cleanup solutions based on effective cost, fast duration to minimize the impacts of oil spills is an extremely important task. There are many various methods for petroleum removal from oil spill incidents, being thermal-, physical-, chemical-, biological-and mechanical techniques [6]. Each method showed the advantages regarding the oil spill recovery capacity (OSRC), however, the selection of initial methods for oil recovery from big oil spills is very necessary [7]. Normally, the methods with high OSRC are used first because the higher the recovered oil spill volume is, the lower the negative effects are [8]. Mostly, physical-, chemical-, and biological techniques are usually applied to the treatment of oil spill incidents [3]. Meanwhile, thermal techniques are rarely used due to the huge emitted pollutant into the environment [9].
International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings, 2014
The expansion of offshore oil and gas and marine transport activities in the Arctic have raised the level of risk for an oil spill to occur in the Arctic region. Existing technologies for oil spill cleanup in ice-covered conditions are limited and there is a need for improved oil spill countermeasures for use under Arctic conditions. A recent field study has assessed a proposed oil spill response technique in ice-infested waters based on the application of fine minerals in a slurry with mixing by propeller-wash to promote the formation of oil-mineral aggregates (OMA). While it was verified in the experimental study that the dispersion was enhanced and mineral fine additions promoted habitat recovery by enhancing both the rate and extent of oil biodegradation, limited monitoring data provide little insights on the fate of dispersed oil after the response. To help understand the oil transport process following mineral treatment in icecovered conditions, mathematical modeling was used in this study to simulate the transport of OMA and calculate the mass balances of the spilled oil. To study the effects of ice and minerals on the fate and transport, the result was compared with scenarios without ice and without the addition of mineral fines. The results show general agreement between the modeling results and field observations, and further confirm the effectiveness and potential for using mineral treatment as a new oil spill counter-measure technology. This technique offers several operational advantages for use under Arctic conditions, including reduced number of personnel required for its application, lack of need for waste disposal sites, and cost effectiveness.
International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings, 2014
The mechanical recovery of oil in ice-infested water presents unique and difficult cleanup challenges. Ice can impede the movement of spilled oil making it less available for removal by the active components of oil recovery skimmers. Ice and slush that is recovered with oil can jam the skimmer, pump inlets and hoses and can provide an environment for enhanced emulsion formation. Low temperatures increase oil viscosity, further complicating processing and pumping of recovered product. In response to these challenges, the U.S. Department of the Interior's Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE) recognized the need for comprehensive programs of testing and research in the area of oil spill response in icy waters. BSEE has supported and sponsored a number of testing and research programs at the Ohmsett facility involving oil in cold water and ice. During the winter of 2013, BSEE sponsored an oil-in-ice spill test at Ohmsett titled Skimmer Tests in Drift Ice: Ice Month 2013 at Ohmsett. The tests involved ten commercially available skimmers that represented a range of skimmer types. Testing was done in the Ohmsett test basin using a controlled test area with fabricated ice. To the best extent possible, test variables such as water temperature, oil characteristics, oil slick thickness, ice coverage and size distribution, and skimmer operations were controlled. Performance determinations were made for oil recovery rate and oil recovery efficiency as per the general principles and guidelines of ASTM F2709. Tabulated results for the same are presented. At lower ice coverage (30% ice), there was no significant mechanical impediment for most skimmers. However, ice can interfere with the flow of oil to the skimmer periodically even in this coverage. At higher ice coverage (70% ice), there was significant impediment to skimming, with most skimmers having dramatically lower rates and efficiencies. It was also observed that with longer exposure to skimming under these conditions, operators became more proficient with regard to recovery performance. This indicates the importance of training and practice for effective skimming operations. controlled, repeatable and safe environment (www.ohmsett.com). The U.S. Department of the Interior's Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE) manages the facility as part of its mandated requirements by the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA, 1990). In accordance with OPA '90, agencies represented on the Interagency Coordinating Committee on Oil Pollution Research (ICCOPR) are to ensure the long-term use and operation of Ohmsett for oil pollution technology testing and evaluations. More information on ICCOPR can be found at www.iccopr.uscg.gov.
Advancing Oil Spill Response in Ice-Covered Waters: an R&D Agenda
2000
The paper presents the results from a two- year project to identify areas where further research and development will improve the ability of responders to deal with an accidental oil spill into a marine environment (fresh or salt water) in the presence of ice. The subject of oil spills in ice is of concern to corporations, local residents, and government
Possible Oil Spills Disposal for Environmental Water-Body Protection
Oil Spills [Working Title]
The possibilities of the oil spill cleanup from the water environment are presented. Mechanical methods of oil recovery are described—the oil containment booms, oil skimmers, and use of sorbents. The sorption capacity of various sorbents is compared based on laboratory tests according to the ASTM F726 methodology. The results of the determination of residual oil pollution of water after the cleaning process are presented. The properties of the absorption sock during the sorption of crude oil and the oil/water mixture were also presented.
Ambio, 2017
Renewed political and commercial interest in the resources of the Arctic, the reduction in the extent and thickness of sea ice, and the recent failings that led to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, have prompted industry and its regulatory agencies, governments, local communities and NGOs to look at all aspects of Arctic oil spill countermeasures with fresh eyes. This paper provides an overview of present oil spill response capabilities and technologies for ice-covered waters, as well as under potential future conditions driven by a changing climate. Though not an exhaustive review, we provide the key research results for oil spill response from knowledge accumulated over many decades, including significant review papers that have been prepared as well as results from recent laboratory tests, field programmes and modelling work. The three main areas covered by the review are as follows: oil weathering and modelling; oil detection and monitoring; and oil spill response techniques.
SPE 165593-MS Oil Spill Response Equipment and Techniques for Waxy Oils in Brazil
Oil spill response, waxy oil, oil spill response techniques, oil spill response equipment Waxy and high API oil presents some singularities in its behavior during a spill. This type of oil may show favorable properties in a spill such as low possibility of sinking and low emulsification tendency. On the other hand, due to the high pour point, it assumes a gel consistency during a spill in areas which environment temperature is near or below pour point. Its high viscosity, high interfacial tension and low evaporation rate present a strong influence on spill behavior, resulting in processes such as: recovery difficulties, once the oil may not flow towards skimmers or down inclined surfaces in skimmers, low spreading and resistance to dispersion, making the oil persistent on sea. Due to this behavior, traditional response equipment usually considered in emergency response plans shows skimming and pumping limited efficiency when used in waxy oils and might not be ideally suitable. Specific machinery for collection and recovery of this type of oil may be required.
Innovations in Oil Spill Clean-up Techniques
As the world population continues to grow, so do the production, refining, and distribution of crude oil or petroleum. During the course of processing and transporting oil and oil based products across different regions of a country, continent, or the world, a phenomenon known as oil spill arises. Oil spill pollutes the environment-mostly land and aquatic habitats with contaminants capable of harming man, crops, and animals. In order to clean up oil spills, a number of conventional methods are employed. These methods are often considered inefficient. In this paper, we reviewed a number of innovative approaches applicable for use in effectively and efficiently cleaning up oil spills. These techniques are either currently part of ongoing researches or are suitable for small scale applications.
Techniques of Oil Spill Response in the sea
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics, 2014
The techniques of combating any kind of oil spill in a marine environment have been studied. It was established that the mechanical method of response using oil booms and skimmers is the best method as this removes the oil completely from the marine environment. However, this method cannot be applied for all oil spills. Other methods applicable are by the methods of biodegradation, chemical dispersants and in-situ burning. This paper explains clearly under what conditions we may apply any of these methods. This is usually done taking into consideration the oil type, the concentration of the oil slick on the surface of the water, the environmental and weather conditions. Apart from the mechanical method, the other three methods have their negative impact on the environment. The negative effects ranges from the destruction of the marine environment, to destruction of marine life and in fact destruction and pollution of the atmosphere. Consequently, the negative effects of the combating technique or techniques have to be carefully evaluated before usage.