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A Case Study of Rhodian Wine Export in the Early Roman Empire
Skyllis, 2021
In 2010–2011, two ancient shipwrecks were discovered and documented by the E/V NAUTILUS expedition near Knidos at the western tip of the Datça peninsula in southwest Turkey. High-resolution imagery from both wreck sites permits a preliminary analysis of their cargoes. Knidos K was carrying three variants of Rhodian amphorae, while Knidos J, with its hull remains partially exposed, was carrying medium and large variants of the same amphora type. Kilns that manufactured these amphorae in the 1st and 2nd century AD are known in Rhodes, its Peraia, and in Caria. In spite of numerous discoveries of Roman Rhodian amphorae on land over the past four decades, however, shipwrecks with the same amphorae are rather rare. The type has been identified as singletons or in small groups on a few shipwrecks, and a few badly plundered sites appear to represent cargoes. Knidos J and K add important information regarding the local networks involved during the initial stages of distribution. The modest size of these ships would have allowed them to sail into and out of the many bays, harbors and makeshift ports that dot the coastlines of the Datça and Bozburun peninsulas. We speculate that they were loaded near their place of production and were destined for a large emporium such as Knidos or Rhodes to offload their consignment for transshipment elsewhere in the Empire but foundered in a heavily-trafficked maritime corridor known for occasional bad weather and navigational challenges.
A Case Study of Rhodian Wine Export in the Early Roman Empire The Knidos J and K Shipwrecks
Skyllis, 2021
In 2010-2011, two ancient shipwrecks were discovered and documented by the E/V NAUTILUS expedition near Knidos at the western tip of the Datça peninsula in southwest Turkey. High-resolution imagery from both wreck sites permits a preliminary analysis of their cargoes. Knidos K was carrying three variants of Rhodian amphorae, while Knidos J, with its hull remains partially exposed, was carrying medium and large variants of the same amphora type. Kilns that manufactured these amphorae in the 1 st and 2 nd century AD are known in Rhodes, its Peraia, and in Caria. In spite of numerous discoveries of Roman Rhodian amphorae on land over the past four decades, however, shipwrecks with the same amphorae are rather rare. The type has been identified as singletons or in small groups on a few shipwrecks, and a few badly plundered sites appear to represent cargoes. Knidos J and K add important information regarding the local networks involved during the initial stages of distribution. The modest size of these ships would have allowed them to sail into and out of the many bays, harbors and makeshift ports that dot the coastlines of the Datça and Bozburun peninsulas. We speculate that they were loaded near their place of production and were destined for a large emporium such as Knidos or Rhodes to offload their consignment for transshipment elsewhere in the Empire but foundered in a heavily-trafficked maritime corridor known for occasional bad weather and navigational challenges.
BRUN, GARNIER, OLCESE 2020. A. Making Wine in Western-Mediterranean. B. Production and the Trade of Amphorae: some new data from Italy, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Classical Archaeology - Panel 3.5 (Cologne-Bonn 22-26 May 2018), 2020
Archaeological and archaeometric studies carried out in the last few years as part of the “Immensa Aequora” Project (www.immensaaequora.org) focused on centres for producing wine amphorae and ceramics in the area of the Tyrrhenian Sea, particularly Latium and Campania. Parallel studies are in the process of reviewing the cargoes of some western-Mediterranean shipwrecks, dating to between the 3rd century B.C. and the 1st century A.D, which were transporting wine in amphorae from Tyrrhenian production centres. The present contribution promises to present a summary of these studies, with particular attention to production in Campania and some in Latium from the 3rd century B.C. to the 1st century A.D. The use of laboratory analyses (chemical and mineralogical) lets us establish some reference groups for the main production sites. Meanwhile, residue analysis, carried out for now on the Greco-Italic amphorae of some shipwrecks (3rd century B.C.) produced in the Gulf of Naples, has made it possible to confirm the presence of red wine on the interior of some types of amphorae.
Roman and Late Antique Wine Production in the Eastern Mediterranean
Archaeopress, 2020
This book is devoted to the viticulture of two settlements, Antiochia ad Cragum and Delos, using results stemming from surface survey and excavation to assess their potential integration within the now well-known agricultural boom of the 5th-7th centuries AD. Interdisciplinary and ethnographic data supplements the main archaeological catalogue and provides a rounded understanding of production and use. The publication of an excavated viticultural vat in Rough Cilicia for the first time, along with the first complete discussion of the viticultural industry on Delos in Late Antiquity, underscores the significance of this book. The combined catalogue, analysis and discussion reinforce the noteworthy position viticulture held in Late Antiquity as an agricultural endeavour, socio-cultural and economic factor engrained within eastern Mediterranean settlements.
Food and History, 2014
The purpose of this paper is to present both literary and archaeological evidence that concerns the consumption of Aegean wines in central Tyrrhenian Italy (Latium and Campania in particular) in the Roman age. An attempt has been made to outline the time frame in which the drinking of Greek beverages was practised by the Romans. Moreover, the qualities of these wines are described and the scale of the consumption of different varieties is estimated. It has been noticed that the literary evidence suggests that wines from Chios, Lesbos, and Thasos were very famous in Rome; however, amphoras from these islands are rarely attested in Roman Latium and Campania. Some explanations for this are proposed.
Microspatial relationships in the Laietanian wine trade: shipwrecks, amphora stamps and workshops
Lucien Rivet et Martine Sciallano (eds.), Vivre, produire et échanger, reflets méditerranéens: mélanges offerts à Bernard Liou (Montagnac): 359-369, 2002
The work of Corsi-Sciallano and Liou (1985) fostered the study of Tarraconense amphorae in the own production areas in Catalonia, which Pascual had leaded until that day. Since then, many important works have been published such as Miró (1988), Pascual (1991) or Revilla (1995) that contain an update about stamps, workshops and amphorae typologies based on new evidences from archaeological excavations and surveys. This documentation provides new ground for the study of relationships between shipwrecks, ports and production centres that it will be covered in this paper.
The Port-Vendres 4 Shipwreck Cargo: evidence of the Roman wine trade in the western Mediterranean
International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, 2015
The Port-Vendres 4 shipwreck is evidence of coastal export trade between Hispania Citerior and Narbonne in 40/30 BC. The cargo is made up of a particular assemblage of Roman wine amphoras (Pascual 1, Dressel 1B and Lamboglia 2) destined for Gallic markets. Archaeological and archaeometric analyses conducted on a selection of the amphoras allowed the provenance of the cargo to be identified as Hispania Citerior and the central-southern Tyrrhenian coast of Italy. Iluro and/or Baetulo are proposed as the ports of departure, enabling the reconstruction of the trade route and the historical and economic significance of this shipwreck.
Aegean wine importats to the city of Rome (1st century BC - 3rd century AD)
2018
This paper investigates the imports of Aegean wines to the city of Rome between the Late Republican and the Middle Imperial period (1st century BC-3rd century AD). Its main aim is to show the share of the Roman wine market that was supplied by the Aegean region, as well as investigating which areas of the Aegean were the main wine exporters