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Developments in cardiovascular ultrasound. Part 3: Cardiac applications
Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, 1998
Echocardiography is still the principal, non-invasive method of investigation for the evaluation of cardiac disorders. Using Doppler ultrasound, indices such as coronary flow reserve and cardiac output can be determined. The severity of valvular stenosis can be determined by the area of the valve, either directly from 2D echo, from pressure halftime calculations, from continuity equations or from the proximal isovelocity surface area method. Alternatively, the severity of regurgitation can be estimated by colour or pulsed ultrasound detection of the back-projection of the high-velocity jet into the chamber. Myocardial wall abnormalites can be assessed using 2D ultrasound, M-mode or analysis from the radio-frequency ultrasound signal. Doppler tissue imaging can be used to quantify intra-myocardial wall velocities, and 3D reconstruction of cardiac images can provide visualisation of the complete cardiac anatomy from any orientation. The development of myocardial contrast agents and associated imaging techniques to enhance visualisation of these agents within the myocardium has aided qualitative assessment of myocardial perfusion abnormalites. However, quantitative myocardial perfusion has still to be realised.
Cardiac ultrasound: An Anatomical and Clinical Review
Translational Research in Anatomy, 2021
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
The basics of echocardiography
Journal of The Saudi Heart Association, 2010
Cardiac echocardiography is becoming an essential diagnostic tool for a variety of cardiac pathology. Acquiring the necessary knowledge will help non cardiac and the cardiac specialist to understand the echocardiography images and reports and in return will improve the care of the patients. The aim of these of publication is to address the basic knowledge of cardiac echocardiography and the recent advances of its applications.
Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2006
focused on the comprehensive evaluation of the cardiovascular patient and were the forum for presentation of the latest advances in ultrasound techniques that are essential to patient diagnosis and management. This highly successful 5-day conference, which attracted more than 3,000 attendees and a record number of faculty from all over the world, was chaired by Dr. William A. Zoghbi. Among the highlights of the conference was the Edler Lecture, named for the father of echocardiography, given by ASE president Dr. Bijoy Khandheria and entitled "Back to the Future." The lecture showcased the evolution of ultrasound techniques over the years and glimpsed into its future.
Focus cardiac ultrasound: the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging viewpoint
European heart journal cardiovascular Imaging, 2014
The concept of point-of-care, problem-oriented focus cardiac ultrasound examination (FoCUS) is increasingly applied in the settings of medical emergencies, including cardiac diseases. The European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) recognizes that cardiologists are not the only medical professionals dealing with cardiovascular emergencies. In reality, emergency cardiac diagnostics and treatment are also carried out by a wide range of specialists. For the benefit of the patients, the EACVI encourages any medical professional, sufficiently trained to obtain valuable information from FoCUS, to use it in emergency settings. These medical professionals need to have the necessary knowledge to understand the obtained information entirely, and to use it correctly, thoughtfully and with care. In this document, the EACVI underlines major differences between echocardiography and FoCUS, and underscores the need for specific education and training in order to fully utilize advantages and minimize drawbacks of this type of cardiac ultrasound examination in the critically ill patients.