CONTROL OF EXHAUST EMISSIONS FROM AN SI ENGINE WITH METALLIC (COPPER) COATING, FUEL BLEND AND CATALYTIC CONVERTER (original) (raw)
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Experiments were conducted to evaluate and control the exhaust emissions from two stroke single cylinder, spark ignition (SI) engine, with alcohol blended gasoline (80% gasoline, 20% methanol, by volume) having copper coated engine [CCE, copper-(thickness, 300 μ) coated on inner surface of the cylinder head] provided with catalytic converter with sponge iron and manganese ore as as catalysts and compared with conventional SI engine (CE) with pure gasoline operation. The exhaust emissions of Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Unburnt Hydrocarbons (UBHC) were determined at different values of Brake Mean Effective Pressure (BMEP) with Netel Chromatograph CO/UBHC analyzer. Aldehyde levels were determined by Dinitrophenyl Hydrazine (DNPH) method. Copper coated combustion chamber with alcohol blended gasoline with catalytic converter using sponge iron catalyst with air injection significantly reduced the pollutants in comparison with CE with pure gasoline operation
Experiments were conducted for evaluating the performance parameters, control of pollution levels and combustion characteristics of a single cylinder, air-cooled, Bajaj make, 2.2 kW BP, 3000 rpm, two-stroke, catalytic coated (copper coated on the piston crown and on the inner surface of cylinder head), methyl alcohol-gasoline blend (80% gasoline, 20% methyl alcohol, by volume) operated SI engine with a compression ratio of 7.5:1, connected to an electrical swinging field dynamometer with resistive loading for. The engine performance parameters are brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific energy consumption (BSEC), exhaust gas temperature (EGT) and volumetric efficiency (VE), while, the engine exhaust emissions are carbon monoxide (CO), un-burnt hydro carbons (UBHC) and aldehydes (formaldehydes and acetaldehydes). The combustion characteristics are peak pressure (PP), time of occurrence of peak pressure (TOPP), maximum rate of pressure rise (MRPR), maximum heat release (MHR) and temperature of exhaust emissions at exhaust port opening (EPO). The performance parameters, exhaust emissions and combustion characteristics were determined at full load operation of the engine, while, BTE was determined at peak load operation. Alcohol-gasoline blend fueled copper coated combustion chamber considerably improved the performance, reduced the pollutants with sponge iron catalyst in the catalytic converter fitted to the exhaust pipe, and improved the combustion parameters over conventional engine with pure gasoline operation.
Experiments were conducted for evaluating the performance parameters, control of pollution levels and combustion characteristics of 4-stroke, variable speed, variable compression ratio, single cylinder, catalytic coated (copper coated on the piston crown and on the inner surface of cylinder head), alcohol-gasoline blend (80% gasoline, 10% methanol, 10% ethanol by volume) operated SI engine. Performance parameters (brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific energy consumption (BSEC), exhaust gas temperature (EGT) and volumetric efficiency(VE) and exhaust emissions (carbon monoxide (CO) and un-burnt hydro carbons (UBHC) were determined with different values of brake mean effective pressure of the engine, while Aldehydes and combustion characteristics {peak pressure(PP), time of occurrence of peak pressure(TOPP), maximum rate of pressure rise (MRPR) and maximum heat release(MHR)} were measured at full load operation of the engine. Copper coated combustion chamber with alcohol blended gasoline considerably improved the performance, reduced the pollutants with sponge iron catalyst and improved the combustion parameters.
This paper reports performance evaluation of two-stroke, single cylinder spark ignition (SI) engine with alcohol blended gasoline (Gasohol-80% gasoline and 20% ethanol; 80% gasoline and 20% methanol by volume) having copper coated engine [copper-(thickness, 300 μ) coated on piston crown and inner side of cylinder head] provided with catalytic converter with sponge iron as catalyst and compared with conventional SI engine with pure gasoline operation. Brake thermal efficiency increased with ethanol blended gasoline with both versions of the engine. Copper-coated engine showed improved performance when compared to conventional engine with both different test fuels. Catalytic converter with air injection significantly reduced pollutants with different test fuels on both configurations of the engine.
Experiments were conducted to control the exhaust emissions from two-stroke, single cylinder, spark ignition (SI) engine, with alcohol blended gasoline (80% gasoline, 10% methanol, 10% ethanol by volume) having copper coated combustion chamber [CCCC, copper-(thickness, 300 μ) coated on piston crown, inner side of cylinder head] provided with catalytic converter with sponge iron as catalyst and compared with conventional SI engine (CE) with pure gasoline operation. Aldehydes were measured by wet chemical method. Exhaust emissions of CO and UBHC were evaluated at different values of brake effective pressure, while aldehydes were measured at full load operation of the engine. A microprocessor-based analyzer was used for the measurement of CO/UBHC in the exhaust of the engine. Copper coated combustion chamber with alcohol blended gasoline considerably reduced pollutants in comparison with CE with pure gasoline operation. Catalytic converter with air injection significantly reduced pollu...
International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Research Technology, 2014
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance and control the exhaust emissions from two-stroke, single cylinder, spark ignition (SI) engine, with alcohol blended gasoline (80% gasoline, 10% methanol, 10% ethanol by volume) having copper coated combustion chamber [CCCC, copper-(thickness, 300 µ) coated on piston crown, inner side of cylinder head] provided with catalytic converter with sponge iron as catalyst and compared with conventional SI engine (CE) with pure gasoline operation. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance and control the exhaust emissions from two-stroke, single cylinder, spark ignition (SI) engine, with alcohol blended gasoline (80% gasoline, 10% methanol, 10% ethanol by volume) having copper coated combustion chamber [CCCC, copper-(thickness, 300 µ) coated on piston crown, inner side of cylinder head] provided with catalytic converter with sponge iron as catalyst and compared with conventional SI engine (CE) with pure gasoline operation. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance and control the exhaust emissions from two-stroke, single cylinder, spark ignition (SI) engine, with alcohol blended gasoline (80% gasoline, 10% methanol, 10% ethanol by volume) having copper coated combustion chamber [CCCC, copper-(thickness, 300 µ) coated on piston crown, inner side of cylinder head] provided with catalytic converter with sponge iron as catalyst and compared with conventional SI engine (CE) with pure gasoline operation. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance and control the exhaust emissions from two-stroke, single cylinder, spark ignition (SI) engine, with alcohol blended gasoline (80% gasoline, 10% methanol, 10% ethanol by volume) having copper coated combustion chamber [CCCC, copper-(thickness, 300 µ) coated on piston crown, inner side of cylinder head] provided with catalytic converter with sponge iron as catalyst and compared with conventional SI engine (CE) with pure gasoline operation. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance and control the exhaust emissions from two-stroke, single cylinder, spark ignition (SI) engine, with alcohol blended gasoline (80% gasoline, 10% methanol, 10% ethanol by volume) having copper coated combustion chamber [CCCC, copper-(thickness, 300 µ) coated on piston crown, inner side of cylinder head] provided with catalytic converter with sponge iron as catalyst and compared with conventional SI engine (CE) with pure gasoline operation. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance and control the exhaust emissions from two-stroke, single cylinder, spark ignition (SI) engine, with alcohol blended gasoline (80% gasoline, 10% methanol, 10% ethanol by volume) having copper coated combustion chamber [CCCC, copper-(thickness, 300 µ) coated on piston crown, inner side of cylinder head] provided with catalytic converter with sponge iron as catalyst and compared with conventional SI engine (CE) with pure gasoline operation.
The huge consumption of fossil fuels is directly affects the economy of our country as importing it from other countries so this may give scope for many researchers to find other alternatives to drag out the usage of petroleum. Thus, using bio-fuel as an alternative, the problem could be reduced. Also the transportation mainly depends on the fossil fuels particularly liquid fuels which are depleting at much faster rate than production. The transport vehicles also based on usage operated on 2-stroke and 4 –stroke engines. In present work both the test engines are considered for experimental study with approximately equal horse power and rated speed for comparative study, run with various blends of gasoline-ethanol and also evaluated using pure petrol fuel without any modification in a present engine. India is ranked second place in cultivating sugar cane, from which ethanol is produced and 99% purity ethanol is considered for the preparation of test fuels. Experiments were conducted using different blends of gasoline-ethanol such as E0 (Pure petrol), E20 (20% of ethanol in vol.based), E30 (30% of ethanol in vol.based), E40 (40% of ethanol in vol.based), and E50 (50% of ethanol in vol.based) and its effect on specific fuel consumption, break thermal efficiency and emissions with respect to the engine load taking pure petrol as datum. The results of experimental investigation were compared between 2-stroke and 4 –stroke engines. Results show that alternative fuel like ethanol blending with gasoline increases the thermal efficiency in 4-stroke engine, liberates less emission and also noticed the better combustion.
2012
This paper presents a review of the use of ethanol in SI engine, its performance and emission characteristics based on the works of different researchers and scientist available in the literature. The advantages of using ethanol as SI engine fuel include its greenness, renewability, higher availability and usability in near future, higher octane number, higher volumetric efficiency, higher compression ratio and biodegradability. Ethanol can be produced biologically from sugarcane, crop residues, cellulose, agricultural biomass, municipal waste etc. The experiment conducted by different researchers and their experimental results shows that brake specific fuel consumption, brake torque, indicated power, thermal efficiency increases or decreases depending upon the operating condition of the engine and ethanol percentage in the ethanol-gasoline blends. However, the compression ratio always increases due to enhancement of the octane number of the blend. On the other hand volumetric effic...
Propulsion and Power Research, 2013
In present study, the operational parameters for a two stroke gasoline engine such as delivery ratio, scavenging efficiency, trapping efficiency, etc. have been investigated experimentally when its fuel is blended with ethanol additives. Also the amounts of emitted pollutants (HC, CO, CO 2 and NO X) from this engine are measured in various engine velocity and loads. In experiments, ethanol is combined with gasoline in different percentages of 5%, 10% and 15%. The experiments have been done for 2500, 3000, 3500 and 4500 rpm. The results show that in most test cases, when alcoholic fuel is used, scavenging efficiency and delivery ratio increased due to rapid evaporation of ethanol, but fuel converging efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) decreased. The most outstanding result of using ethanol additive is significant reduction in pollutions emitted from engine and CO with 35% reduction has the most reduction percentage among other pollutants.
Comparative Analysis Of Combustion And Emission Of Ethanol And Gasoline On SI Engine
Iconic Research and Engineering Journals, 2019
The automobile plays an important role in the transportation system. With an increase in population and living standard, the transport vehicles as well as car population is increasing day by day and this leads to increase in pollution. Petroleum-based fossil fuels are the dominant energy source for transportation. Recently, ethanol is being increasingly used as a fuel additive and is emerging as an alternative to carbon-neutral transportation. This thesis reviews the serviceability of ethanol as a clean, cheap and renewable substitute fuel for spark ignition engines and discusses the comparative chemical and physical properties of ethanol and gasoline fuels. The differences in the properties of ethanol and gasoline fuels are sufficient to create a significant change during the combustion phase of engine operation and affect the performance of spark-ignition engines. Furthermore, the effects of ethanol, and its blends with gasoline fuel, engine performance parameters and emission characteristics have been highlighted.