Neurological rehabilitation (original) (raw)
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Rehabilitation for the neurologic patient
The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice, 2005
A properly designed rehabilitation program should be an important component of the treatment plan of animals with neurologic disease. Such a program should be designed in conjunction with appropriate treatment of the underlying problem and after special consideration of the origin of the neurologic problem, the severity of the signs, the cause of the signs, their anticipated progression, and the needs of the owner and the pet. This article describes the pathophysiology of injury and recovery in the central and peripheral nervous systems, assessment of the neurologic patient, data on the prognosis and expected course of recovery for a variety of different diseases, and rehabilitation exercises appropriate for neurologic patients.
Principles of neurological rehabilitation
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 2003
his article reviews the basic principles that underlie the subspeciality of neurological rehabilitation. Neurological rehabilitation is in many ways different from the other branches of neurology. Rehabilitation is a process of education of the disabled person with the ultimate aim of assisting that individual to cope with family, friends, work, and leisure as independently as possible. It is a process that centrally involves the disabled person in making plans and setting goals that are important and relevant to their own particular circumstances. In other words it is a process that is not done to the disabled person but a process that is done by the disabled person themselves, but with the guidance, support, and help of a wide range of professionals. Rehabilitation has to go beyond the rather narrow confines of physical disease and needs to deal with the psychological consequences of disability as well as the social milieu in which the disabled person has to function. Thus, a key factor that differentiates rehabilitation from much of neurology is that it is not a process that can be carried out by neurologists alone, but necessarily requires an active partnership with a whole range of health and social service professionals. The key characteristics of the rehabilitation process are summarised in box 1.
Neurological rehabilitation: a science struggling to come of age
Physiotherapy Research International, 2002
Over the last few decades, there have been considerable improvements in the outcome of stroke patients both as regards mortality and disability. At least some of these improvements can be attributed to better organization of services and improved rehabilitation. Many patients, however, remain severely disabled and we will need to develop new strategies in which the focus will be on reversing impairments rather than simply helping patients to adapt to unaltered impairments. For this to happen, neurological rehabilitation research will have to develop therapies that have a clearly defined rationale and are rooted in neurosciences, are clinically described, are addressed to a well-characterized target population and are evaluated using appropriate outcome measures. Few studies at present meet all these criteria. The recent revolution in our understanding of the nervous system as being soft-wired, of the potential for recovery through reorganization and of the central role of afferent information associated with normal activity is ground for optimism and indicates the direction in which future therapies should be sought. The paper considers some approaches to providing appropriate afferent information, including inputs such as that from electrotherapy, novel approaches to assisted activity and constraint-induced therapy. We are on the verge of a revolution in neurological rehabilitation. If we exploit the new understanding of the nervous system arising from basic neurosciences in developing and evaluating therapies we should be able to build on the achievements of the last few decades so that fewer of our patients have to carry the burden of severe disability.
Physical therapy, 2017
One in five Americans experiences disability that affects their daily function because of impairments in mobility, cognitive function, sensory impairment, or communication impairment. The need for rehabilitation strategies to optimize function and reduce disability is a clear priority for research to address this public health challenge. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) recently published a Research Plan on Rehabilitation that provides a set of priorities to guide the field over the next 5 years. The plan was developed with input from multiple Institutes and Centers within the NIH, the National Advisory Board for Medical Rehabilitation Research, and the public. This article provides an overview of the need for this research plan, an outline of its development, and a listing of six priority areas for research. The NIH is committed to working with all stakeholder communities engaged in rehabilitation research to track progress made on these priorities and to work to advance the...
Congress book neurorehabilitation and neural repair
2015
Dear colleague, We are proud to announce the International Congress on Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair organised by the Dutch and Belgian Societies for Neurorehabilitation that will bridge the gap between neuroscience and practice. This 2-day meeting is focused on the most recent advances in neurorehabilitation research that are ripe for translation, providing opportunities to share knowledge, experience, and most recent developments in applying evidence-based practice. The scientifi c programme includes the most distinguished invited speakers in the fi eld of neuroplasticity and neurorehabilitation, and is dedicated to the management of most common problems such as gait and balance control, spasticity, cognitive impairments, including diffi culties in implementation of evidence in the fi eld of stroke, Parkinson's disease, MS and neuromuscular disorders. All these topics are engaged in 8 invited key note lectures, focused symposia, oral presentations and by your smashing posters that will be presented at both days. This multidisciplinary conference is important for all professionals dedicated to neurorehabilitation such as rehabilitation physicians, neurologists, physical and occupational therapists, nurses, psychologists, movement scientists, bioengineers as well as those who are more involved in the management of neurorehabilitation. On behalf of the Congress Committees, we wish you a warm welcome at the International Congress on Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair in Maastricht.
Neurorehabilitation: Five new things
Neurology: Clinical Practice, 2013
Neurologists have a new toolbox of options for neurorehabilitation of disabling brain disorders such as stroke and traumatic brain injury. An emerging intellectual paradigm for neurologic recovery that includes neural regeneration, repair, and dynamic reorganization of functional neural systems, as well as increasing awareness of behavioral principles that may support best return to function and freedom, brought forward treatments based on experience-dependent learning, neurophysiologic stimulation, and a combination of these concepts. In this article, we summarize five rehabilitative approaches to watch: constraint therapy for motor and language recovery, synergy of motor-language rehabilitation, prism adaptation training and other virtual feedback approaches, and noninvasive magnetic and electrical brain stimulation. N eurorehabilitation interventions have exploded since the year 2000, in parallel with a shift in the paradigm of neurologic care. In the mid-20th century, we turned away from the assumption that the effect of a brain injury such as a stroke on function, activity, and participation is permanent and became increasingly aware of the brain's regenerative potential, as well as dynamic brain reorganization, months and even many years later. Neurorehabilitation scientists pushed for translational research to define the permissive conditions under which optimal brain change and recovery occurs, 1 apparently requiring controlled, intensive stimulation of impaired brain networks. 2 Here, we summarize 5 treatments to rehabilitate motor and cognitive recovery based on behavioral or noninvasive physiologic stimulation (using magnetic fields or electricity). They have been explored primarily in stroke rehabilitation but are also potentially useful after brain trauma and in other neurologic conditions (e.g., spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis).
From contemporary rehabilitation to restorative neurology
Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery, 2012
Recent years have witnessed significant advances in the treatment of neurological injuries such as stroke, traumatic brain injuries (TBI), and spinal cord injuries (SCI). The current approach includes acute intervention to curb the primary insult, prevention of secondary complications and early rehabilitation to optimize residual function to ultimately enhance quality of life and independence. While this is effective in providing a degree of independence to many patients, we believe that further functional gains are possible for many patients who have plateaued followed a contemporary rehabilitation program. Complementary methods are available today that are not widely used, but have demonstrated great promise in augmenting function and quality of life in patients who cannot benefit further from currently available treatment options.