" A Study of Prevalence and Clinical Correlates of Nicotine Dependence Among Patients With Bipolar Disorder " (original) (raw)
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Objectives: An attempt was made to understand the nicotine dependence of smokers selected for an ongoing smoking cessation intervention programme in rural Kerala, India. Methods: Data were collected from resident males in the age group of 18 to 60 years from 4 randomly allocated community development blocks of rural Thiruvananthapuram district (2 intervention and 2 control groups). Trained accredited social health activist workers were utilised to collect data from all groups through face to face interview. Nicotine dependence among participants was assessed by means of the six-item Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) translated into the local language. The internal consistency of FTND was computed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Criterion validity (concurrent) was assessed by correlations of nicotine dependence scores with age at initiation of smoking and cumulative smoking volume in pack-years. Results: Among the 928 smokers identified, 474 subjects were in the intervention area (mean age =44.6 years, SD =9.66 years) and 454 in the control area (mean age= 44.5 years, SD =10.30 years). The overall FTND score among current daily smokers was 5.04 (SD: 5.05). FTND scores in the control and intervention areas were 4.75 (SD: 2.57) and 4.92 (SD: 2.51) respectively. The FTND scores increased with age and decreased with higher literacy and socioeconomic status. The average FTND score was high among smokers using both bidi and cigarettes (mean 6.10, SD 2.17). Internal consistency analysis yielded a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.70 in a subsample of 150 subjects, a moderate result. The association of the scale was strongest, with the number of pack-years smoked (rho = 0.677, p < 0.001). Conclusion: A moderate level of nicotine dependence was observed among smokers in the current study. Tobacco cessation strategies could be made more cost effective and productive if a baseline assessment of nicotine dependence is completed before any intervention.
Prevalence Of Nicotine Use and Dependence in Depression
2020
Introduction: Prevalence of tobacco use is universal and individuals suffering from mental disorders come with no exceptions. There is paucity of study looking into prevalence of tobacco use and nicotine dependence in patients with depression in low income countries like Nepal. Thus this study aimed at determining the prevalence of tobacco consumption, nicotine dependence and motivation to quit in patients with major depressive disorders. Material And Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done among inpatient and out patients with diagnosis of depression at department of psychiatry and mental health, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH). Data were collected using semi-structured Porforma and WHO STEPS Instrument for Nicotine Use. Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, Modified Fagerström Smokeless Tobacco, and Assessment of Motivation: Readiness to Quit Ladder was applied for nicotine users. Data were tabulated and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social S...
Eurasian Journal of Pulmonology, 2021
AIM: We aimed to determine the sociodemographic characteristics of those who applied to the smoking cessation outpatient clinic and to determine the factors affecting their smoking cessation success. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 97 people who applied to Başkent University Hospital Family Medicine Smoking Cessation Outpatient Clinic between May 2019 and May 2020 were included in the descriptive cross-sectional study. A questionnaire form including demographic characteristics and smoking history, the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were applied to the participants. A pulmonary function test was performed; carbon monoxide (CO) and carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels were measured of the participants. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 42.9 ± 11.9, and 56.7% (n = 55) were male. The average number of cigarettes smoked daily was 23.2 ± 10.6, and the duration was 23.2 ± 11.7 years. FTND scores of the participants were determined as 14.4% (n = 14) very low, 18.6% (n = 18) low, 22.7% (n = 22) medium, 21.6% (n = 21) high, and 22.7% (n = 22) very high. The mean of FTND score was 5.4 ± 2.5, and the mean of CO and COHb levels was 11.2 ± 7.0 and 2.4 ± 1.1, respectively (r = 0.345, P = 0.001; r = 0.342, P = 0.001). A positive correlation was found between the FTND and HDS scores of participants and observed that depression scores increased as the level of nicotine addiction increased (r = 0.303, P = 0.003). Finally, 54.6% (n = 53) of the applicants were a quitter. There was a significant relationship between smoking cessation success and the number of drug boxes used in pharmacotherapy (P = 0.005). CONCLUSION: In this study, the most critical factor affecting smoking cessation success is ensuring that pharmacotherapy is completed within the recommended treatment period.
Prevalence of Usage Nicotine and its Dependence among Patients with Depression
Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences
Background: Smoking is common and people with mental disorders are no exception. Few studies have looked at the pervasiveness of usage of tobacco and dependence of nicotine in depressed patients in undeveloped states such as Pakistan. Therefore, in this study, the aim was to determine the prevalence of tobacco use, addiction of nicotine and the inspiration to quit smoking in major depressive disorder affected patients. Study Design: A cross-sectional descriptive study. Place and Duration: In the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, LGH Lahore, Pakistan and Psychiatry Alfalah diagnostic centre, Azhar Medical Plaza Timergara for the duration of six months from August 2021 to January 2022. Methods: The study was held amongst patients with diagnosis of depression form the Department of Psychiatry (outpatient and inpatient). A semi-structured form was used to collect data using and for nicotine use; WHO STEPS tool was used. The Nicotine Dependence was assessed by Fagerstrom ...
Assessment of Nicotine Dependence in a Large Cohort of Smokers - Social and Medical Aspects
2013
Chronic smoking is a disease associated with long-time daily consumption of tobacco products and is synonymous with nicotine dependence. Nicotine is the major determinant of tobacco addiction, causing psychoactive pharmacological effects, which together with the genetic, social and environmental factors, learned or conditioned, are the substrate of smoking status. We conducted a retrospective study on a cohort of 535 smokers presenting to the Smoking Cessation Counseling Medical Office of the Iasi Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital between January 2009-December 2012 aimed at studying the psychosocial and medical parameters associated with the vulnerability to nicotine addiction. The analyzed psychosocial factors were age, sex, marital status, absence or presence of other smokers in home and motivation to quit smoking. The measurable parameters of tobacco dependence were the number of previous attempts to quit smoking, the amount of cigarettes smoked (pack years), the carbon monoxide b...
Prevalence and correlates of tobacco use and nicotine dependence among psychiatric patients in India
Addictive Behaviors, 2005
Tobacco use among psychiatric patients in developing countries has not been well-investigated. To address this issue, we screened consecutive admissions to a major psychiatric hospital in southern India, and assessed the prevalence and correlates of tobacco use and nicotine dependence. Patients (n = 988) provided information about their use of tobacco products, and participated in an interview that included the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence as well as measures of other substance use. Three hundred and fifty-one patients (36%) reported current tobacco use, with 227 (65% of all users) reporting moderate to severe nicotine dependence. Current tobacco use as well as nicotine dependence were associated with male gender, a diagnosis of bipolar disorder, and risk of other substance use problems. The cultural context of these findings, and the implications for tobacco control among psychiatric patients, are discussed.
2019
People with mental illness are twice as likely to smoke, so there is a need to establish clarity regarding association of smoking and mental illness. Further, studies on effectiveness of nicotine replacement therapy yielded conflicting results. Hence, we studied the prevalence and severity of nicotine dependence suffering from schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and offered nicotine replacements to study it's effectiveness in the follow up. AIM 1) To assess prevalence and severity of nicotine dependence in patients suffering with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder 2) To study the effectiveness of nicotine replacements METHODOLOGY We recruited consecutive inpatients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and measured severity of illness using BPRS/YMRS/HDRS as suitable at baseline, 4 th and 12 th week. Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence was used to assess severity of smoking at baseline, 4 th and 12 th week. Nicotine replacements were given to those who were willing. RESULTS The percentage of smokers among patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder were 44.2 % (n=19) and 34.0% (n=16) respectively. The severity of nicotine dependence fell in the mild to moderate category. At 4 th week, 17.6 % of those who were diagnosed with schizophrenia and 58.3 % of those with bipolar disorder were abstinent. While at the 12 th week, 26.7 % of schizophrenia and 63.7 % of bipolar disorder patients were abstinent(X²(1)=3.534,p=0.059). 53.8% of those who continued nicotine replacement therapy at 4 th week were abstinent [X²(1)=3.589,p=0.058] and 88.9% at 12 th week [X²(1)=10.77,p=0.01]. The number of smokes showed a statistical significant reduction at 4 th and 12 th week when compared to baseline (Z=-3.519,p=0.00;Z=-2.498,p=0.013). CONCLUSION The prevalence of smoking among male schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder patients is higher than that of the general population. Greater number of patients with bipolar affective disorder had remained abstinent from smoking at 4 th and 12 th week. More number of patients who continued nicotine gum at 4 th and 12 th weeks remained abstinent from smoking.