NAME OF STUDENT: Euzebio Bartholomew Mtavangu STUDENT NO: ICU 77711 COURSE PROGRAM: Doctor of Theology TYPE OF ASSIGNMENT: Part 2 Project: The Old Testament Survey (original) (raw)
STUDY OF OLD TESTAMENT AS THE BASIS FOR UNDERSTANDING NEW TESTAMENT SUBMITTED
The relation between the two Testaments continues to be an important field of scholarly exploration, and the present paper is intended as a contribution to a greater elucidation of their multifaceted interdependence. The discussion is often focused on uncovering OT motifs and themes that find further use and development in the NT or the analysis of OT allusions and quotations to be found in the NT. These areas of scholarly effort, however, by no means exhaust the interconnections between the Testaments. My aim is to explore whether there is a necessity of suing Old Testament in understanding New Testament. Every reader of the New Testament must use Old Testament as a basis for understanding New Testament is aware of the frequency of Old Testament quotation in the New Testament writings. There are, in fact, somewhere between two and three hundred actual quotations of the Old Testament in the New Testament which depicts the importance of understanding the relationship between the two. The New Testament writers were thoroughly immersed in the Holy Scriptures which had been handed down to them by their forefathers. They lived and breathed the content of these writings, particularly the recital of God’s saving activity in behalf of Israel and the covenant promises concerning the future of God’s people. When they were confronted with the ministry of Jesus―its proclamation by word and deed of the presence of the Kingdom―they were, as we would say, “programmed” to understand it as the consummation of God’s saving activity and the fulfillment of the covenant promises. Thus, when they came to narrate the story of Christ in the gospels and the meaning of that story in the epistles, these writers continually made use of the Old Testament to show that what had so recently taken place in their midst was in fact the goal of Old Testament anticipation. In perceiving the unity of the Bible thus evidenced, the Christian Church rightly affirms, following St. Augustine, that the New Testament lies hidden in the Old, and the Old becomes manifest in the New.
- New York , Chicago , Toronto :: Fleming H. Revell Company + the New Alexandria Library of Texas , 1868
This comprehensive guide, written by Joseph Angus and revised by Samuel G. Green, offers a systematic exploration of biblical study. It addresses textual, historical, theological, and interpretative aspects of the Bible. The book is structured into eight chapters, each focusing on key dimensions of biblical scholarship, making it a valuable resource for both students and theologians. • New Testament Text and Manuscripts: Discusses the Hellenistic Greek dialect of the New Testament, delineates uncial and cursive manuscripts, and reviews ancient versions such as Syriac, Armenian, and Latin (including the Vulgate). It examines early quotations and textual variations, providing insights into the principles of textual criticism. • The Old and New Testament Text: Explores the methodology of textual criticism, addressing external and internal evidence, textual variations (accidental and intentional), and the application of critical canons, with examples such as the Johannine Comma. • Bible's Authority and Claims: Reviews the self-claims of Scripture, including its testimony to moral and theological truths. It categorizes evidence into external (miracles, prophecy) and internal (moral and spiritual harmony), emphasizing the Bible's enduring credibility. • Inspiration and Revelation: Examines the dual divine-human nature of Scripture, the progression of revelation, and its unsystematic yet universal character. The text highlights the unity and diversity of biblical revelation and its role as authoritative in religious life. • Bible Translation: Chronicles the history of biblical translations, from Latin versions to the Authorized (King James) and Revised Versions in English. It analyzes translation features, including italics, marginal notes, and textual subdivisions, while offering comparisons to original languages. • Interpretation of Scripture: Provides a detailed hermeneutical framework, emphasizing grammatical, contextual, and theological analysis. It delves into figurative language (e.g., allegory, type, parable) and interprets prophetic texts, Old Testament quotations in the New, and foreshadowings of the Gospel. • Scriptural Difficulties: Addresses anticipated challenges, including complex phrases, cultural allusions, and apparent contradictions, offering guidance for resolution. It places biblical difficulties within the broader context of divine revelation. This book integrates linguistic, historical, and theological dimensions, advocating a rigorous and informed approach to Scripture. Its detailed methodologies and practical insights make it a foundational text for understanding the Bible's construction, claims, and interpretation. The work remains a valuable academic and devotional resource, bridging historical critical scholarship and spiritual inquiry. TAGS- Bible, sacred scripture, textual criticism, hermeneutics, theology, divine inspiration, biblical authority, translation history, biblical ethics, prophecy, miracles, faith, revelation, ancient manuscripts, uncial manuscripts, cursive manuscripts, Textus Receptus, critical editions, Syriac, Coptic, Armenian, Vulgate, Old Latin, ecclesiastical texts, lectionaries, Gospels, Pauline epistles, apostles, New Testament, Old Testament, Hebrew Bible, Septuagint, Dead Sea Scrolls, codices, manuscript preservation, scriptural authenticity, textual variations, biblical canon, moral philosophy, divine revelation, doctrinal debates, spiritual truth, biblical history, biblical geography, biblical chronology, ancient Near East, ancient languages, Hellenistic Greek, biblical prophecy, typology, allegory, parables, scriptural interpretation, historical criticism, theological ethics, miracles in Scripture, prophecy fulfillment, biblical morality, church history, reformation theology, inspiration theory, translation methods, Authorized Version, Revised Version, Wycliffe Bible, Tyndale Bible, early English translations, translation comparison, linguistic analysis, grammar, historical texts, ecclesiastical history, Christian ethics, biblical exegesis, apostolic writings, ancient Christianity, biblical culture, biblical symbolism, messianic prophecy, Gospel harmony, synoptic Gospels, intertestamental period, biblical archaeology, faith and reason, spiritual harmony, biblical doctrines, covenant theology, grace, law, divine justice, biblical covenant, eschatology, Christology, early church writings, patristic texts, liturgical texts, creeds, confessions, ecclesiology, the Bible and history, the Bible and culture, Bible and ethics, ancient religions, Middle Eastern history, biblical allusions, figurative language, scriptural difficulties, historical contradictions, scriptural harmonization, secular history, scriptural typology, Old Testament theology, New Testament theology, Christ-centered hermeneutics, historical theology, systematic theology, moral theology, exegetical theology, Bible and science, scriptural canons, early Christian writings, spiritual evidence, internal evidence, external evidence, hermeneutical rules, prophetic language, figurative speech, Bible symbolism, biblical metaphors, Psalms, Proverbs, wisdom literature, Mosaic law, prophetic writings, interlinear Bibles, Bible commentaries, scholarly exegesis, critical apparatus, textual emendation, ancient writing systems, Bible glossaries, biblical concordances, Bible dictionaries, Strong’s Concordance, lexicons, Bible atlases, biblical maps, Bible chronology charts, biblical timelines, biblical criticism history, history of the Bible, manuscript traditions, ecclesiastical witnesses, patristic citations, apostolic fathers, biblical ethics comparison, ethics and Scripture, divine law, human ethics, moral systems, ethical comparisons, religious truth, spiritual truth, cultural influence of the Bible, biblical inspiration, reformers’ theology, biblical illumination, sola scriptura, Bible authority, biblical unity, progressive revelation, New Testament quotations of the Old Testament, biblical foreshadowing, typological analysis, symbolic interpretation, textual evidence, scriptural truth, biblical scholarship, critical editions of the Bible, modern translations, Bible translation challenges, scholarly apparatus, interfaith studies, biblical influence, ancient societies, historical evidence, Christian faith, scriptural claims, spiritual authority, faith traditions, moral influence of the Bible, ethical teachings, religious systems, ancient ethics, inspired writing, Bible for all ages, Bible and culture, language shifts in translations, universal truths, transcultural Scripture, Bible and philosophy, philosophical theology, ancient theology, textual synthesis, biblical literacy, biblical education, exegetical principles, Bible study methods, theological study tools, divine-human authorship, covenant promises, prophetic typology, scriptural coherence, Bible and literature, sacred writing, divine mystery, and spiritual enlightenment study, Old Testament narrative, New Testament theology, religious philosophy, early church writings, biblical manuscripts, Bible commentary, Christian traditions, theological analysis, sacred literature, historical Jesus studies, biblical archaeology, apostolic doctrine, canonical scriptures, gospel writings, textual criticism, Christian hermeneutics, biblical canon, scripture interpretation, divine revelation, Christian doctrine study, scripture teachings, ancient religious texts, Old Testament law, ancient Israelite history, Bible prophecy, New Testament epistles, translation theory, Bible symbolism, Christian ethics in scripture, religious texts, faith-based scholarship, sacred teachings, scripture narratives, Pauline letters, Christian liturgy, Jewish religious texts, ancient biblical manuscripts, Hebrew scriptures, 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living principles, faith-centered learning, Bible tradition, scriptural commentary, church teachings on the Bible, holy scripture insights, prophecy interpretation, biblical research, sacred narrati...
Introduction to the Old Testament
TGC Commentary, 2021
The Old Testament was Jesus’s only Bible, and it now stands as the initial 75% of Christian Scripture. The early church fathers designated it a Testament (= Latin testamentum, “covenant”) because they rightly viewed the whole as covenantal revelation. They believed all of it was the word of God (2 Tim 3:16–17; 2 Pet 1:20–21), which he spoke in history to guide his elected relationship with his people. The Old Testament overviews five major covenants, which shape the narrative plotline: Adamic-Noahic, Abrahamic, Mosaic (old), Davidic, new. The church fathers called the whole the Old Testament because so much of its content concerns the Mosaic old covenant, which the new covenant in Christ supersedes (Jer 31:31–34; Luke 22:20; 2 Cor 3:6, 14). This brief introduction to the Old Testament overviews the following areas: 1. Date and Diversity of the Old Testament 2. The Canon of the Old Testament 3. The Ordering of the Old Testament 4. The Books of the Old Testament: (a) The Law; (b) the Prophets; (c) the Writings 5. The Message and Function of the Old Testament in the Biblical Canon It ends by overviewing resources related to the Old Testament's text, canon, reliability, and message and interpretation.
In the School of the Word. Biblical Interpretation from the New to the Old Testament
Translated by Kristin Towle. With an introduction by Kevin Zilverberg, 2021
Carlos Granados and Luis Sánchez-Navarro propose reading the Bible with Christian faith, not as one approach among many, but as a disposition demanded by the New Testament for proper interpretation of both the Old and the New. Even so, the authors’ faith never leads them to dismiss history or to discard the tools of the historical-critical method. On the contrary, these sciences allow the faithful reader to take a holistic approach to biblical truth. When the reader also takes full account of the ecclesial reality in which the Bible was formed and transmitted, and in which it must be read still today, he or she encounters the word proclaimed by the text. Indeed, the words of Holy Writ ultimately proclaim the Word (Logos), Jesus Christ, in whose Spirit they were written. The authors’ years of shared prayer, study, conversation, and ministry have led to this coauthored book, comprised of thirteen individually authored essays, which bears witness to that ongoing unity that they live as confreres. Not surprisingly, Granados and Sánchez-Navarro frequently reference the same theologians, especially Brevard Childs, Paul Beauchamp, SJ, and Pope Benedict XVI.