Dynamic traffic assignment: A review of the methodological advances for environmentally sustainable road transportation applications (original) (raw)
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Comparison of estimation of emissions based on static and dynamic traffic assignment
2013
For the estimation of air quality and noise nuisance often the output of static traffic assignment models is used. However, static traffic model have several limitations related to the realism of dealing with saturated traffic conditions, which are important for the estimation of emissions. Static traffic assignment models predict congestion on the wrong locations and can not deal with traffic flow phenomena like spillback. As a result also air quality or noise bottlenecks can be predicted on wrong locations, which may lead to erroneous policy decisions concerning new infrastructural measures or implementing mitigating measures on wrong locations. Dynamic traffic assignment models can take these traffic flow phenomena into account and are therefore more suitable to estimate emissions and can in the long term replace the use of static traffic assignment models for larger networks. To provide insights in the differences between estimates based on static and dynamic traffic assignment ...
Estimating Emissions from Static Traffic Models: Problems and Solutions
Journal of Advanced Transportation, 2020
In large urban areas, the estimation of vehicular traffic emissions is commonly based on the outputs of transport planning models, such as Static Traffic Assignment (STA) models. However, such models, being used in a strategic context, imply some important simplifications regarding the variation of traffic conditions, and their outputs are heavily aggregated in time. In addition, dynamic traffic flow phenomena, such as queue spillback, cannot be captured, leading to inaccurate modelling of congestion. As congestion is strongly correlated with increased emission rates, using STA may lead to unreliable emission estimations. The first objective of this paper is to identify the errors that STA models introduce into an emission estimation. Then, considering the type and the nature of the errors, our aim is to suggest potential solutions. According to our findings, the main errors are related to STA inability of accurately modelling the level and the location of congestion. For this reaso...
Sustainability, 2021
External costs that are associated with air pollution, climate change linked to greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), and noise are among the most important environmental externalities that are generated by road transport, which have been well monetized. This paper theoretically investigates the effects of different traffic conditions on the environmental external costs of urban roads where traffic flow is more complicated than un-interrupted traffic flows. A Monte Carlo method is used to theoretically simulate traffic speed in different traffic conditions. Subsequently, the emitted carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and noise were estimated in each of the theoretically simulated traffic conditions. Finally, the environmental external costs in each traffic condition were calculated taking the EU average costs values into account. The results showed that, when compared to free-flow condition, the total air pollu...
2018
The level of air pollution in urban areas, which is largely affected by road traffic, is an issue of high political relevance. Congestion is most prevalent in urban areas and a common and increasingly present phenomenon worldwide. The first four chapters of this study have investigated how and to what extent models, which are used to predict emissions on road links in urban road networks, include the effects of congestion on emissions. In order to make this assessment, traffic engineering literature and empirical studies have been examined and used as a basis to review (current) emission models that exist or have been used around the world. Congestion causes changes in driving patterns of individual vehicles in a traffic stream, and these changes are subsequently reflected in changes in congestion indicators and changes in emission levels. This consideration and a literature review has led to a proposed 'congestion typology' of emission models, which reflects the different w...
2017
Traffic management definition and assessment strategies rely on results from successive stages of modelling: from traffic to air pollution concentrations. The objective of this study was to improve this modelling process. Combining microscopic traffic modelling and 3 pollutant emission modellings was performed: two using aggregated traffic estimates (HBEFA, Copert) and the other using vehicle trajectory (Phem). The studied area is part of the Lyon urban area (6,2 km², 2091 road sections). Traffic and emissions were simulated for 16 scenario resulting from modifications of supply or demand (traffic calibration on the afternoon rush hour). Copert and HBEFA estimations show many similarities and differences with Phem. Ranking of scenarios on the basis of their variation to the reference was performed and analysed. Copert and HBEFA provide the same ranking. To focus on the analysis of two scenarios, difference of NOx emissions per link were maped (only the higher variations). The releva...