A note on the population status and threats on two (original) (raw)
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The overpopulation: selected environmental and geographic aspects
Journal of Environmental Studies, 2024
Ecological damage is generally proportional to the population density. The demographic growth contributes to shortages of fresh water and food. Many countries experience water scarcity while agricultural production increases through overexploitation of water resources, deforestation and other environmental damage. Potential solutions would require adoption of new principles, in particular, that no population group on a national or international scale, neither ethnic nor confessional minorities, may obtain advantages because of a faster growth. Relevant demographic problems of the North Caucasus and the eastern Mediterranean are discussed here. Both the mountainous and arid territories are hardly suitable for self-sustaining existence of the dense population. Both regions receive financial support and, at the same time, are sources of emigration. The agriculture in conditions of insufficient water and energy supply is economically and ecologically unfavorable as fossil fuels are used for the water desalination, which is accompanied by greenhouse gas emissions. The energy for desalination could be supplied by nuclear power plants. The weightiest argument against nuclear facilities is that they are potential war targets.Durable peace and international cooperation are needed for this and other humanitarian projects.
Accelerated Human Population Growth at Protected Area Edges
Science, 2008
The following resources related to this article are available online at for critical discussions; three anonymous reviewers for critical comments; D. Boss for computing support; and NSF and the University of Arizona BI05 Institute for financial support.
2016
Located in the Hindu Kush mountain range, Chitral Gol has undergone different management paradigms of Natural Resource Management (NRM). No doubt Kashmir Markhor (Capra falconeri cashmiriensis) is of the flagship species of Chitral Gol National Park. The underlying objective of this report is to assess and document population dynamics and trends in Chitral Gol National Park and appraise status of current resources of CGNP for viability of sustainable harvesting to support conservation and community development. Due to shift in management in the past, the population of Markhor in Chitral Gol also fluctuated. Reports and research articles written by different authors also reveal the same. The core park area is surrounded by 12 custodian communities. The approximate population of these custodian communities is 30,000. For centuries these communities have been dependent on park resource for diverse needs to supplement their livelihoods. For the last 5 decades, since the merger of state into Pakistan as a district the population of Kashmir Markhor fluctuated significantly in the park area. During the state regime Chitral Gol was a designated hunting reserve for royal family of Chitral and the total population of Markhor in Chitral Gol in mid 1950s were about 2000+. Local communities and designated personnel of the royalty were responsible to ensure proper watch and ward system within the now park area. In 1971, subsequent upon merger of Chitral in to mainland Pakistan, Chitral Gol was declared a Wildlife Sanctuary. Later on, Chitral Gol was declared a National Park in 1984 according to the IUCN Management Category II of the Protected Areas to protect the populations of endangered Kashmir markhor and the snow leopard (Uncia uncia) and their habitats. However, when the state was merged with Pakistan and local customary laws of resource management were replaced with new Statutory laws, the long-standing ownership of local communities towards parks resources also diluted. Communities were reluctant to accept the declaration of Chitral Gol a national park. The communities were of the view that declaration of Chitral Gol a National Park may jeopardize their centuries old usage right over the resources of Chitral. The diluted ownership of local communities and their resistant to accept establishing national park resulted in increased illegal activities inside the park, leading to sharp decline in population of key wildlife species, especially Kashmir Markhor. At a point in late nineties, the population of Kashmir Markhor declined below 300 in entire park area. Sensing the severity of the situation a World Bank Funded Project titled "Protected Areas Management Project-Chitral Gol National Park" initiated in early 2000 in Chitral Gol. The primary objective of the project was to integrate local communities in Park Management and Conservation activities. Back in 2003, as part of this objective Community Based Watch and Ward system were introduced in the park to improve the watch and ward and park operation systems. Ever since, the active involvement of communities in park management activities, the population of Kashmir Markhor has shown an upward trend. This report tries to assess the improvement in population of Kashmir Markhor over a period of 10 years (2003 to 2014), after practical integration of local communities in park management activities. During this period the population of Kashimir Markhor has shown a healthy upward trend. Over this period the dynamics and composition of Markhor in CGNP has also changed. At present population ratio of female and male Markhors in CGNP is almost in equilibrium with each other. Male Markhor above the age of 7 are dominating the population composition of Markhor in CGNP and this situation provides and demands sustainable harvesting of aged Markhors in CGNP to replace them with more healthy genetic pool.
An invitation: The activities for explorations in population density and nutrition in this document are based on some ideas and protocols that we have been developing and evaluating over the past two years. Teachers at workshops have been enthusiastic about the investigations and so we offer this version for your experimentation. Please let us hear from you, how you would improve these materials.
Population Bomb Revisited Paul Ehrlich 20096
The Population Bomb has been both praised and vilified, but there has been no controversy over its significance in calling attention to the demographic element in the human predicament. Here we describe the book's origins and impacts, analyze its conclusions, and suggest that its basic message is even more important today than it was forty years ago.
Population Geography I: Surplus Populations
The subject of 'population' is undergoing a renaissance in geography; this is seen, for example, in the voluminous studies addressing 'marginalized' populations, including but not limited to refugees, internally displaced persons, and children. In short, scholarship has focused on those lives rendered 'wasted', 'precarious', or 'superfluous'. Population geographers have made substantial contributions; however, more can be done. In this and the next two progress reports, I suggest that population geographers reflect more deeply on the spatiality and survivability of vulnerable populations. More specifically, population geographers should consider the politics of fertility, mortality, and mobility from the standpoint of a layered demographic question: within any given place, who lives, who dies, and who decides? In this first report, I resituate the concept 'surplus population' within the broader domain of population geography. In subsequent reports, I consider more closely population geography's association with related subject areas (i.e. biopolitics and necropolitics). I maintain that, by addressing vulnerability and survivability, we join others in geography and allied fields who are writing about 'populations' not as biological, pre-given entities, but instead as political subjects at risk of premature death.
Summary of Population Issues Journal by Febbyana Wulandari Hamdani (2302113698)
Febbyana Wulandari Hamdani, 2024
Population issues is an issue that is still being discussed, especially in developing countries such as Indonesia. Population issues such as high population growth, urbanization, immigration, death, birth, and others that can cause various social problems. This summary is made to analyze journals that discuss the case of population issues, and find out their impact on a country.
Concerns about overpopulation are still prevalent in many public policy and scientific debates. In many instances, the population density ratio (people/km 2 ) is commonly used as a proxy variable for overpopulation, which results in the assertion that small islands and territories are overpopulated. This article takes as a case study a population density choropleth map, within the entry overpopulation of the cyber-encyclopedia Wikipedia, to analyze the use of population density as a proxy for overpopulation. From a theoretical perspective, a definition of overpopulation based on the objectionable concept of carrying capacity is fundamentally flawed. In addition, even on its own terms, the map's nation-state scale creates a methodological bias since population density is an area weighted formula that provides considerable weight to large scarcely populated national regions. The class intervals of population density are an arbitrary choice that misrepresents the intensity of population density since its cut-off points do not follow an exponential sequence. Both methodological choices consistently represent islands and small territories as extraordinarily dense and therefore overpopulated. This depiction reinforces the imagery of islands and small 1 Creative Commons licence: Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works Running Header Here: Times, 9 point font 2 territories as anomalous places of structural faults. Research claims based on population density as a proxy for overpopulation lack credibility, even according to their own logic.