"Virtue as Mediator: Informing Health Care Issues through Virtue Ethics and Scripture." Journal of Ethics & Medicine 32, no. 2 (2016): 95-103. (original) (raw)

VIRTUE ETHICS AND PRACTICAL GUIDANCE

For just as there is no need for medical discussion, unless it pertains to human health, similarly there is no need for a philosopher to hold or teach logical argument, unless it pertains to the human soul. Musonius Rufus 1

Considering virtue: public health and clinical ethics

As bioethicists increasingly turn their attention to the profession of public health, many candidate frameworks have been proposed, often with an eye toward articulating the values and foundational concepts that distinguish this practice from curative clinical medicine. First, I will argue that while these suggestions for a distinct ethics of public health are promising, they arise from problems within contemporary bioethics that must be taken into account. Without such cognizance of the impetus for public health ethics, we risk developing a set of ethical resources meant exclusively for public health professionals, thereby neglecting implications for curative medical ethics and the practice of bioethics more broadly. Second, I will present reasons for thinking some of the critiques of dominant contemporary bioethics can be met by a virtue ethics approach. I present a virtue ethics response to criticisms that concern (1) increased rigor in bioethics discourse; (2) the ability of normative theory to accommodate context; and (3) explicit attention to the nature of ethical conflict. I conclude that a virtue ethics approach is a viable avenue for further inquiry, one that leads us away from developing ethics of public health in a vacuum and has the potential for overcoming certain pitfalls of contemporary bioethics discourse.

Virtue in Medical Practice: An Exploratory Study

HEC Forum, 2016

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Epidemiology and virtue ethics

1998

In 1995, two news articles reporting on issues in the practice of epidemiology appeared in the journal, Science. 1-2 In the Erst, readers learned that an epidemiologist had successfully sued several university faculties for theft of intellectual property, namely, her dissertation research findings. In the second article, prominent epidemiologists discussed the 'limits' of epidemiology, emphasizing the many uncertainties that constrain epidemiologists' ability to make inferences and from them public health recommendations. On the surface, these articles appear vastly different, yet just beneath the surface lies an important similarity: both contain ethical problems for practising epidemiologists. In the first article, the problem is serious scientific misconduct. In the second, the ethical concern is that of making recommendations for public health interventions given uncertain scientific knowledge. The purpose of this paper is to show how partial solutions to these very different ethical problems can be found in the same ancient yet recently revived moral theory, called the theory of virtue.

Virtue Ethics and an Ethics of Care

This paper compares and contrasts an ethics of care with virtue ethics. It is argued that, properly understood, an ethics of care is part of virtue ethics so the two views are not distinct.

Measuring 'Virtue' in Medicine

Virtue-approaches to medical ethics are becoming ever more influential. Virtue theorists advocate redefining right or good action in medicine in terms of the character of the doctor performing the action (rather than adherence to rules or principles). In medical education, too, calls are growing to reconceive medical education as a form of character formation (rather than instruction in rules or principles). Empirical studies of doctors' ethics from a virtue-perspective, however, are few and far between. In this respect, theoretical and empirical study of medical ethics are out of alignment. In this paper, we survey the empirical study of medical ethics and find that most studies of doctors' ethics are rules- or principles-based and not virtue-based. We outline the challenges that exist for studying medical ethics empirically from a virtue-based perspective and canvas the runners and riders in the effort to find virtue-based assessments of medical ethics.

Combatting the Crisis Virtue Ethics as Foundation for a Universal Medical Professionalism in the 21ST Century

Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2020

By submitting this thesis electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification.

Recent Work in Applied Virtue Ethics

The paper reviews the history of applied ethics and applied virtue ethics in particular, before advancing to methodological issues and to a broad survey of recent work in applied areas of environmental virtue ethics, virtue jurisprudence, aretaic medical ethics, professional ethics, educational theory, civic virtue and deliberative democracy, and philosophy of love and sex. The paper concludes with reflections on the vibrancy of contemporary work in applied virtue ethics, along with discussion of prospects and challenges.