Prevalence of hospital-acquired infections in intensive care units in public hospitals in Tehran, Iran, in 2012-2014 (original) (raw)
Related papers
Analysis of Nosocomial Infections in Selected Teaching Hospitals, Qazvin, Iran
Health, 2014
Introduction: Hospital infections prolong patient hospitalization, necessitate additional treatment, increase mortality rate, raise hospital expenses, and even reduce the level of health in the society. The purpose of this research was to study hospital infections in selected hospitals of Qazvin. Methods and Materials: This was an analytic-cross-sectional study. The research population consisted of 25,628 hospitalized patients in the first eight months of 2012 in three selected hospitals of the Qazvin Province. The algorithm of reporting hospital infections, the National Program of Controlling Hospital Infections, and 223 patient files hospitalized due to hospital-acquired infections were used to collect information. The collected information was analyzed using the SPSS V. 17 software; the descriptive statistics was used to analyze the qualitative variables; and the descriptive statistics together with chi-square and t-test were employed for the quantitative variables. Results: The ICU units had the most cases of hospital infections. Respiratory pneumonia and urinary infections topped the list of hospital infections. The most invasive treatments carried out on patients with hospital infections were surgery, urinary catheter, and venous catheter, respectively. More than 50 percent of patients with hospital infections were hospitalized for 2 to 21 days. Results and Conclusions: Because of the high rate of hospital infections, especially in the ICU ward, authorities must give top priority in their plans to designing suitable educational programs to inform hospital staff and patients of hospital infections and to provide suitable resources for dealing with this problem.
Nosocomial Infection Rates During One Year in Naft Grand Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran
Jundishapur Journal of Health Sciences, 2015
Background: Nosocomial infections have increasingly resulted in death and the patients should bear high treatment costs. Members of the medical team could play an important role in prevention and control of nosocomial infections. Objectives: The purpose of this research was the evaluation of nosocomial infections in patients admitted to Naft grand hospital in Ahvaz, Iran, during 2013. Patients and Methods: This was a descriptive study, conducted prospectively during 12 months from March 2013 to March 2014 in Naft grand hospital in Ahvaz, Iran. All the patients who were hospitalized with no signs and symptoms of infection before the first 48 hours of hospitalization and presenting signs and symptoms of infection after 48 hours of hospitalization were included in this study. The patients' age, gender, site of infection, ward of hospitalization and type of nosocomial infection were collected. The results were analyzed by Excel and SPSS 16.0. Results: The results of the present study showed that the incidence of nosocomial infections was low (i.e., < 2%). The incidence rates of nosocomial infections were 36.78% in the intensive care unit (ICU), 46.55% in the internal medicine ward, 14.94% in the surgical medicine ward and 1.72% in the coronary care unit (CCU). Regarding the etiology of infection, Escherichia coli was found in 43.10%, coagulase-positive Staphylococci in 17.24%, coagulase-negative Staphylococci in 14.95% and Klebsiella in 10.34% of the cases. In our hospital, E. coli was the most frequent pathogen. Conclusions: In this study, nosocomial infections had a lower frequency in comparison with the national rates. According to researches, hospitals have been able to reduce nosocomial infections by establishing strategies and getting the risks under control.
Prevalence of Nosocomial Infection in Different Wards of Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad
Avicenna Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infection
Background: The CDC defines a nosocomial infection as a localized or systemic condition caused by an adverse reaction to the presence of an infectious agent(s) or its toxin(s). It is an infection that occurs between 48 to 72 hours after admission of patients in the hospital or as soon after the hospital discharge and on the admission time, patients don't have this infection. Objectives: This study aimed to characterize the prevalence of nosocomial infection in Ghaem hospital, Mashhad, Iran. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in all wards of the Ghaem hospital, Mashhad during the 1 year period (2013); the data were collected from the wards records and HIS system and analyzed by the SPSS software (version16). Results: In the present study, of total 35979 hospitalized patients in different wards of the Ghaem hospital was reported 1.1% of nosocomial infection. In the meantime, overall, the most prevalent organism was Acinetobacter baumannii with a prevalence of 37.2% and the minimum was linked to the Bacillus species with a prevalence 0.3%. The highest and lowest prevalence of the nosocomial infection was in the ICU and CCU with 49.9% and 0.3%, respectively. In general, among all wards of the mentioned hospital, the most frequent nosocomial infection was pneumonia (47.4%) and the lowest belonged to CSF (2.3%). Conclusions: In our study, the ICU ward was accounted for the highest rate of nosocomial infection, due to the critical importance of this ward. Preventive measures and survivelance system for reduction of nosocomial infections is needed.
Hospital Acquired Infections (Hai): Control and Management
Journal of emerging technologies and innovative research, 2020
The prevalence of hospital acquired infections (HAI), commonly called as nosocomial infection in medical terms still exists in major well developed hospitals in many countries. The aim is to check for the level of hospital acquired infection and their level, steps taken to control and effective management of the same. Using standard protocol 100 staffs and 50 patients were taken for the study. Only intensive care units (ICU) patients were taken for study since the rate of infection is very high among these patients. Questionnaires were distributed to collect data and thorough observation was done throughout the hospital on what steps and procedures they are following for the prevention of hospital acquired infection. Study revealed that even though they strictly stick to the Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), the level of hospital acquired infection sometimes exceeds the benchmark.
Study of Frequency, Epidemiology of Nosocomial Infections in Healthcare Centres
Saudi journal of pathology and microbiology, 2023
Infections are frequent complications of hospitalization. Nosocomial infections or healthcare associated infections or hospital acquired infections are endogenous or exogenous infections which a patient acquires either during hospitalization or soon after discharge from the hospital. Hospitals and hospital-like settings tend to gather many sick under one roof and hence, serve as a reservoir of numerous infectious agents. These overcrowded healthcare settings with inability to maintain hygienic conditions are threat not only to the patients but also to the healthcare workers. Increasing population of immune-compromised patients including the aged-ones, unsafe medical care, surgical procedure, injections, transplants are some of the major causes of spread of nosocomial infections. Nosocomial infections have severe adverse effects. It leads to emotional stress, functional disability and even death in certain cases. Mortality caused by nosocomial infections in India is more than any other form of accidental death. It also prolongs the hospital stays and adds to the economic burden of managing the underlying disease. The active cooperation of the Healthcare workers for better implementation of the existing preventive and control measures along with the technical advances will contribute much to fight against the nosocomial infections.
Nosocomial infectious prevalence study in Al-Yarmouk hospital
Ahmed H. AL-Azawi, 2017
Nosocomial infections are those infections acquired as a result of treatment in a hospital or health care service providing center. These infections usually appear 48 hours or more after hospital admission or within 30 days after discharge. In this study, a total of 730 samples including (90 swabs from patient and 640 environmental swabs sample) were collected from AL-Yarmouk hospital Educational in Baghdad from the period between June and August 2016. By morphological and biochemical reactions, Acinetobacter boumanii, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus Vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia fiacria, Staph. aureus, Strep. Pneumonia, Strep. Pyogens and Fungus were isolated, identified and tested for their antibiotic sensitivities using agar disc diffusion assay against (Amikacin, Cefixime, Ceftriaxone, Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin, Clindamycin, Gentamycin, Imipenem, Tetracycline and Ticarcillin). The antimicrobial susceptibility was performed that all microorganisms were sensitive to Imipenem and resist to Ticarcillin. P. aeruginosa was more resistant to all used antibiotic except Ciprofloxacin, while E. coli was more Sensitive to all used antibiotic except Ticarcillin. The clinical specimens showed that P. aeruginosa was the commonest isolate (9 and 3 isolates in Ear and wound swabs respectively 12 (24.49 %) followed by E. coli (2 and 6 isolates in Ear and wound swabs respectively 8 (16.33 %) and Staph. aureus (3, 3 and 2 in Ear, Nasal and wound swabs respectively 8 (16.33 %) with significant differences (P ≤ 0.05). While the environment isolates showed that the general operation room was the highest contamination with microorganisms followed by Burn unit and urological operation room with significant differences (P ≤ 0.05). Staph. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa were the commonest isolate reached to 50 (26.74 %), 45 (24.06 %) and 32 (17.11 %) respectively.
2011
Background: Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are critical and mostly preventable complications that occur in hospitalized patients and lead to major health and economic burdens. Most of the information on HAI risk factors and the recommended preventive measures is based on data acquired from only a few countries. The aim of this point prevalence HAI study conducted in Shiraz, Iran, was to study the local epidemiology of HAIs and the major risk factors for acquiring HAIs in a Middle-Eastern region. Methods: The study employed four identical point prevalence surveys in eight university hospitals, each consisting of 60-700 beds. The study was conducted during all four season of 2008-2009. All of the patients admitted for ≥48 h were studied, although the patients admitted to emergency wards were excluded. A standardized data collection form that included name, age, gender, presence or absence of HAI, administration of any antibiotics, insertion of a central line, use of an endotracheal tube, mechanical ventilation, and use of an urinary catheter was completed for each patient. The HAI definitions used in this study were based on the US National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance (NNIS) guidelines. Results: Data from 3450 patients were prospectively collected and analyzed. The overall HAI prevalence was 9.4%. The most common HAIs were blood stream infections (2.5%), surgical site infections (2.4%), urinary tract infections (1.4%), and pneumonia (1.3%). A logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratio OR for males rather than females acquiring infections was 1.56 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21-2.02). Other HAI risk factors included using a central intravascular catheter, adjusted OR of 3.86 (95% CI 2.38-6.26), and using an urinary catheter, adjusted OR risk factor. For all HAIs, the OR of acquiring infection was 3.24 (95% CI 2. 34-4.47) in the patients with hospital stays longer than eight days. A high discrepancy between HAIs and antibiotic use was observed. Antibiotics were administered to 71% of the patients, but only 9.4% of the patients also had at least one documented infection. Conclusion: This point prevalence study showed that HAIs are frequent in Shiraz university hospitals, and that the proportion of patients receiving antibiotics is high. The results imply that more primary prevention efforts are necessary to address HAIs associated with using indwelling devices and to prevent surgical site infections.
Avicenna Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infection
Background The nosocomial infections are infections that arise during 48 to 72 hours following the patients' referral to the hospital, shortly after hospital discharge (3 days of discharge), or 30 days after an operation (considering the issue that the patients haven't had these infections in admission time) (1). Nosocomial infections are also referred to as hospital-acquired/associated infections, by CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) based on infection site; they are divided into 13 types with 50 infection sites, each one of which has a special criterion (2). One out of 10 patients referring to the hospital is affect by nosocomial infections and annually 5000 related deaths are occurred which impose over a billion pounds per year; a patient with nosocomial infections stay 2.5-times longer in hospital and imposes £3000 additional cost compared to uninfected patients (3). The incidence of nosocomial infections varies across the world. According to the WHO reports, 14 countries have 8.7% of hospitalized patients encountered with nosocomial infections (4). Aged patients, persons with immunodeficiency or underlying diseases, individuals under treatment with
PLACENTUM: Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan dan Aplikasinya
Background: Nosocomial infection is a complication that most often occurs in hospitals and other health services. Infection is a most widely acquired hospital effect that can affect 5 to 10% of all hospitalized patients in developed countries and in low-background countries being a major burden. Objectives: This study aims to determine the epidemiological determinants of nosocomial infections in inpatients at the General Hospital of the Haji Adam Malik Center, Medan in 2019.Method: Determination of the sample size in the case and control using unpaired categorical analitical formula obtained a total sampel of 90 patients with ratio of 1:1. Data analysis using chi-square test analysis. Result: The results showed that the dominant type of infection was urinary tract infection (35.6%), the most widely used type of invasive procedure was catheters (35.6%), the most common type of germs was conditional pathogens (84.4%), and the most common type of invasive procedure was catheter treatme...