Different Periodicities of Some Haematological Parameters in Exercise-Loaded Athletic Horses and Sedentary Horses (original) (raw)
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Journal of Applied Biomedicine, 2005
Many physiological processes of domestic animals exhibit daily rhythmicity. The goal of the present study was to investigate, in horses, the existence of the daily rhythms of some haematological parameters: red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), haemoglobin (Hb), haematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and platelets (PLT). Blood samples from 6 Thoroughbred mares were collected at 4-hour intervals for 48 hours (starting at 08:00 hours on day 1 and finishing at 04:00 on day 2) via an intravenous cannula inserted into the jugular vein. ANOVA showed a highly significant effect of time on haemoglobin and on haematocrit, in all the horses, on either day, with p values < 0.05. Cosinor analysis identified the periodic parameters and their acrophases (expressed in hours) during the 2 days of monitoring. RBC, Hb, Hct and MCV showed nycthemeral variations included between 17.44 and 22.28, which could suggest the hypothetical influence of various exogenous factors.
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The aim of this work was to study the role of spleen contraction in the modification of circulating erythrocyte mean volume during treadmill exercise in the horse. Red blood cells count (RBC), haematocrit (Hct), haemoglobin (Hgb), mean cellular volume (MCV), mean cellular haemoglobin (MCH), mean cellular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and red cell distribution width (RDW) were evaluated in five Haflinger mares performing a submaximal incremental test on the treadmill. Blood was collected every minute during the trial without stopping the treadmill. Significant changes of all measured parameters, except for MCH, have been observed. Hct values increased significantly from the 2nd minute from the start of the test. MCV and MCHC values were significantly different from their basal values from the 6th minute of exercise, with MCV being increased and MCHC decreased, suggesting cellular swelling. Hct modifications during brief submaximal exercise have been shown to be mainly and directly related to mobilization of the pool of red blood cells stored in the spleen. However, the evidence in this study of different times of onset of changes between Hct and erythrocyte indices (MCV and MCHC) suggests that exercise-induced alterations in red cell indices are not related to spleen emptying.
Equine Veterinary Journal, 1983
The haematological response to racing,and to fast and slow training exercise was investigated in studies involving two populations of horses which differed widely in geographical location, climatic factors and management (Newmarket and Hong Kong). The well documented elevations in erythrocyte parameters were demonstrated and changing responses in leucocyte parameters, resulting in variations in the neutrophil to lymphocyte (N/L) ratio were described. It was shown that the immediate response to the anticipation or stress of exercise was a decrease in N/L ratio in association with an increase in lymphocyte numbers. The magnitude of the lymphocyte increases was similar in the two populations of horses producing a reversal of the N/L ratio (lymphocytes predominating) in the British but not the Hong Kong horses, owing to the higher resting ratio of the latter population. At 3 and 4 h after exercise, an increase in N/L ratio occurred in association with an increase in neutrophils and decrease in lymphocytes. AU parameters had returned to resting level by 6 h following exercise. Those and the many other factors associated with alterations in equine N/L ratios are discussed in terms of the need for care when interpreting the results of haematological examinations.
Comparative Clinical Pathology, 2008
Exercise induces changes in hydration and electrolytes status that might affect volumetric properties of erythrocytes. This research analyzes the modifications induced for different type of exercises on volumetric indices in horses in relation to plasma electrolytes, total plasma proteins, heart rate, and lactate. One hundred sixty-four healthy sport horses were studied, divided into six groups: A (16 racing Angloarabians), B (12 jumping Angloarabians), C (45 endurance horses), D (18 Andalusians), E (65 draft horses), and F (eight eventers). In groups A, C, E, and F, blood samples were taken before and after competition. The horses of groups B and D were subjected to an exercise test and blood samples were taken before and after the test. The parameters analyzed were: packed cell volume (PCV), mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell hemoglobin (MCH), mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), Na, K, Cl, heart rate, total plasma proteins, and plasma lactate concentrations. PCV increased in all the groups, MCV decreased in group D, MCH increased in groups D and F and decreased in group E, and MCHC increased with exercise in groups A and F. The only significant correlation between plasma electrolyte and volumetric indices was found between plasma Na concentrations and MCV. It is concluded that, although volumetric indices change with exercise in horses, their modifications are somewhat erratic and do not show a direct correlation with hydration, electrolyte status and exercise intensity, but red blood cell size is partially dependent on plasma Na concentration.
The Veterinary Journal, 2008
The goal of this study was to investigate the influence of physical activity on the daily rhythm of platelet aggregation and body temperature in horses. Blood samples from 12 Thoroughbred horses, six sedentary animals and six athletes (studied both before and after a period of inactivity) were collected at 4 h intervals for 48 h via an intravenous cannula inserted into the jugular vein. Body temperature was recorded every 4 h for 48 h with a rectal probe. Platelet aggregation was measured with an aggregometer. Collagen was used to test the aggregation of the plasma samples. Statistical analysis of the data was performed by one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and by single cosinor method. Cosinor analysis identified the periodic parameters and their acrophases (expressed in hours) during the 2 days of monitoring. On each single day, there was a highly significant effect of time in all the horses, with P values <0.05. Temperature rhythms were unaffected by exercise. Platelet aggregation in exercising horses differed from the sedentary horses, and this difference disappeared after a 2-week period of rest. The results could be interpreted as indicating that physical exercise has an influence on the daily rhythm of platelet aggregation in horses.
Circadian variation of blood clotting time and circulating vitamin K in the athletic horse
Comparative Clinical Pathology, 2005
In equine sport medicine, blood clotting and fibrinolysis variations are well investigated, given the practical implications of several pathophysiological conditions affecting the athlete horse such as exerciseinduced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) and other bleeding disorders whose etiology and pathogenesis mechanisms are not yet clearly understood. The purpose of the present investigation was to gain evidence of a daily rhythm of several blood clotting indices such as prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), plasma fibrinogen concentration and serum vitamin K concentration in the athletic horses. Blood samples from five thoroughbred mares were collected at 4-h intervals for 48 h (starting at 08:00 h on day 1 and finishing at 4:00 on day 2 via an intravenous catheter inserted into the jugular vein. Prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time and plasma fibrinogen concentration were assessed by means of a Seac Clot 2 coagulometer (SEAC, Italy), while serum vitamin K concentration was measured by HPLC. Data analysis was conducted by one-way repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) and by the single cosinor method. ANOVA showed a significant influence of time on all parameters investigated, in all horses, on either day. Cosinor analysis defined the periodic parameters and their acrophases (expressed in hours) during the 2 days of monitoring. PT showed a nocturnal acrophase, whereas serum vitamin K concentration acrophase occurred during the evening. The results of this study reflect the physiological peculiarities of the horse that is subjected to a number of exogenous (environmental, nutritional, physical) and endogenous stimuli capable of entraining the circadian rhythm specifically and thus producing time-dependent variations not always comparable with those observed in humans or laboratory animals.
Hematological parameters in endurance horses pre and post 120 km race
Revista de Ciências Agroveterinárias
The endurance discipline has the shortest history in Bulgaria compared with other disciplines of equestrian sports. Endurance competitions are held over distances from 40 km to 160 km. The present study focused on the effect of exercise on horses over a distance of 120 km. Changes in the following hematological parameters were investigated: Leukocytes (WBC, g/l); Erythrocytes (RBC, T/l); Platelets (PLT, g/l); Hemoglobin (Hb, g/l); Hematocrit (HCT,%); Mean corpuscular volume (MCV, fl); Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH, pg); Mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC, g/l), Leukogram (Eos; Bas; Neu; Lym; Mon,%) as well as some electrolytes and hormone concentration. The study aimed to establish the changes in these indicators' values before and after the competition. Analysis of the haemogram showed a significant increase in the mean values of 4 of the indicators under study. No significant differences were established in MCV, MCH and MCHC. A decrease was found in the number of Ly...
Physiological and hemato-chemical evaluation of thoroughbred race horses after exercise
2014
Exercise physiology is the most useful information that make the race horse such a super athlete and good managed. This study was carried out on twenty one thoroughbred race horses in order to evaluate physical fitness and performance through physical ( Heart rate, Respiratory rate, Body temperature and capillary refilling time ) , hematological ( RBCs, PCV, Hb, total and Differential leucocytic count) and hematochemical evaluation ( TP, Albumin, AST, ALT,CK,LDH, Lactic acid, Glucose, Cholestrol,Na, K, Cl and Urea , Creatinine, Ca, P and Mg ). Physical examination and Blood samples were collected before and at 5, 15 and60 min. after 1600 meter exercised. The results showed significant increase in all physiological , hematological and hematochemical parameters 5 min after exercise that returned to basal levels after 60 min. rest. The results can be useful index about horse performance, the effect of exercise on horse metabolism and helpful in management protocols of athletic horses.