Extracellular matrix gene expression in the developing mouse aorta (original) (raw)
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Experimental Cell Research, 1996
presence of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) de-Developmental studies have demonstrated that the rived from the neural crest . Matrix pattern forvascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) present within mation within the aortic arch arteries occurs in a systhe elastic arteries are differentiated from two definitematic and predictable fashion to produce well-demartive origins, the neural crest and the mesoderm. Cells cated elastic laminae [1], highly ordered helices of from these distinct progenitors differ in their ability collagen [4], and fibril-associated proteoglycan . Mito determine long-range spatial order of the extracelcrosurgical removal of premigratory neural crest relular matrix, in proliferative responses, and in the exsults in the replacement of the normal VSM progenitor pression of critical proteins. The present study utilizes cells in the great vessels by surrogate cells from the collagen gel contraction assays and the analysis of inmesoderm, and the elastic extracellular matrix is contegrin receptor subunit expression to evaluate cellgenitally disordered .
Cell Adhesion & Migration, 2008
The NFκB family of transcription factors, particularly the activated p50/p65 heterodimer, is expressed in vascular cells during intimal thickening formation when hemodynamic conditions are altered. Here, we report that p50, p65, IκBα and IKKα display different spatial and temporal patterns of expression and distribution during both chicken embryo aortic wall remodeling and intimal thickening development. Additionally, we show that both p50 and p65 were located in the nucleus of some mesenchymal cells expressing α-smooth muscle actin which are present in the spontaneous intimal thickening observed at embryonic days 12-14 of development. We also demonstrated that both NFκB subunits are present in monolayers of primary embryonic aortic endothelial cells attached to fibronectin and stimulated with complete medium. This study demonstrates for the first time the presence of activated NFκB during the remodeling of the embryonic aortic wall and the formation of intimal thickening, providing evidence that suggest a possible role for this transcription factor in the EndoMT process.
Development and pathologies of the arterial wall
Arteries consist of an inner single layer of endothelial cells surrounded by layers of smooth muscle and an outer adventitia. The majority of vascular developmental studies focus on the construction of endothelial networks through the process of angiogenesis. Although many devastating vascular diseases involve abnormalities in components of the smooth muscle and adventitia (i.e., the vascular wall), the morphogenesis of these layers has received relatively less attention. Here, we briefly review key elements underlying endothelial layer formation and then focus on vascular wall development, specifically on smooth muscle cell origins and differentiation, pat-terning of the vascular wall, and the role of extracellular matrix and adventitial progenitor cells. Finally, we discuss select human diseases characterized by marked vascular wall abnormalities. we propose that continuing to apply approaches from developmental biology to the study of vascular disease will stimulate important advancements in elucidating disease mechanism and devising novel therapeutic strategies.
In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal, 1993
In the avian embryo, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in the aortic arch (elastic) arteries originate in the neural crest, whereas other VSMC develop from local mesoderm. These two lineages have been shown previously to be significantly different in the timing and expression of the smooth muscle phenotype and in their respective abilities to produce an orderly elastic matrix. Two differing kinds of VSMC also have been shown in mammals. In the experimental absence of neural crest (NC) in the avian embryo, the matrix is spatially disordered. The molecular basis of the difference between the normal NC-VSMC and the surrogate mesodermal (MDM)-VSMC has not previously been investigated. In this study the expression of vascular smooth muscle alpha-actin, tropoelastin, c-fos and c-jun were examined via immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, Northern blot, and/or transcription run-on assays. Control avian VSMC of NC origin were compared with experimental MDM-derived VSMC that populate the cardiac outflow after surgical ablation of the NC. The results show that, when they are grown under identical conditions in vitro or freshly removed from an embryonic vessel, surrogate MDM-VSMC express about 10 times more alpha-actin and tropoelastin than the normal NC-VSMC; and MDM-VSMC express up to 15 times more c-jun, whereas c-fos was not different. These results show profound heterogeneity in the regulation of VSMC-specific genes that is based in the embryonic lineage of the cells.
Matrix, 1992
Cultured neonatal rat aortic smooth muscle cells have been used to study the synthesis and accumulation of extracellular matrix components in many laboratories. These cells are capable of accumulating large amounts of insoluble elastin in the extracellular matrix and can be maintained in culture for long periods of time without subcultivation. This study examined the elastin and collagen contents of such cells in culture for 5, 21 and 43 weeks. The percent elastin and collagen observed in the 43-week cultures were strikingly similar to that seen in the intact neonatal rat aorta. It should be noted that the percent collagen varied significantly between 5 weeks and 43 weeks, whereas that for elastin remained relatively constant throughout the same time course. Histological examination demonstrated that the elastin fibers in the extracellular matrix of the cultures were arranged in a pattern similar to the elastic lamellae of the aortic tunica media. Data presented here suggest that these cells in culture mimic the donor tissue from which they were derived with respect to elastin and collagen content as well as elastic fiber arrangement, and possibly represent an organotypic culture of the medial layer of a blood vessel.