Servir le pape : le recrutement des collecteurs pontificaux dans le royaume de France et en Provence de la papauté d’Avignon à l’aube de la Renaissance (1316-1521) (original) (raw)

Abstract

"Serving the Pope : recruitment of pontifical collectors in the kingdom of France and in Provence from the papal court of Avignon to the dawn of the Renaissance (1316-1521) Between the 14th and 15th centuries the administration charged with the collection of taxes levied by the Pope was controlled by the Office of the Pontifical Collector. In the kingdom of France and in Provence, the fiscal levy was in operation between 1326 and 1348 and was accompanied by a certain number of long term innovations. The collector comes to the fore as the main official responsible for the collection of tax, while the administrative areas drawn up for its collection (collectories) are demarcated. Despite the troubles brought about by the Great Schism, the Councils of Constance and of Basil and the Pragmatic Sanction of Bruges, the position only enters into decline at the beginning of the 16th century. Although certain methods of nomination and of shared control progressively become the norm, a certain level of specialization is to be noted between the collectors themselves – the ordinary collectors, the permanent agents authorized to collect all taxes and the temporary specialized collectors who were created for the levy of a single tax. These local structures were part and parcel of the formation of the modern Pontifical State and its new territorial network. In order to obtain such objectives, the papacy reveals itself to be particularly attentive as regarding the question of recruitment. It selects agents who are efficient, experienced and with a good grounding in law. Many of them were canons, ecclesiastical dignitaries and also bishops and abbots. During the period of the Avignon Papacy, these men often had the same origins as the popes themselves or benefited from the support of a cardinal. Their careers could be varied. The majority were still collecting tax once they had left their posts, some died while still in office, while a small elite were promoted to a new position in the council. Five major types of recruitment can be distinguished.

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