Uncommon disorders and decay in near-isogenic lines of melon and reference cultivars (original) (raw)
Related papers
2007
Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is a perishable fruit that requires refrigeration to extend its shelf life. Postharvest behavior differs substantially among melon varieties due to genetic differences. In this work, we use a collection of near-isogenic lines (NILs) derived from a cross between the Spanish cultivar Piel de Sapo (PS) and an exotic Korean accession 'Shongwan Charmi' [SC (PI161375)], each of them with a single introgressed region from SC into the PS background, to detect and map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) involved in postharvest life traits, such as total losses, water-soaking, necrosis of the placental tissue, chilling injury (CI), decay, fruit over-ripening, flesh browning, hollow flesh disorder, and flavor loss during storage. Fruit were examined at harvest and after 35 days at 8 8C. Three QTLs induced desirable quality traits: flv4.1 reduced the loss of fruit flavor after refrigeration, tl8.1 reduced total losses, and fus8.4 reduced the susceptibility to fusarium rot (Fusarium Link). Another 11 QTLs produced a detrimental effect on other quality traits. The NIL population was useful for dissecting complex, difficult-to-measure pre-and postharvest disorder traits of different degrees of development and for investigating flavor loss during storage. Further studies with the QTLs described herein will shed light on the genetic control of melon shelf life and help breeders who are interested in this fruit quality trait. Cucumis melo is an annual diploid species that belongs to the Cucurbitaceae, one of the largest families in the world and important from a commercial point of view (Secretary of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food of Argentina, 2006). Most of the members of the family can be affected by several fruit disorders that negatively affect postharvest fruit quality and harm fruit shelf life (Blancard et al., 1995; Snowdon, 1991). The accessions with a good shelf life are mostly found within C. melo var. saccharinus Naud. and C. melo var. inodorus Naud. (Liu et al., 2004). According to these authors, the shelf life of melon fruit is correlated with flesh quality, abscission of the peduncle, development periods of plant and fruit, rapid yellowing of epidermis at maturity, the soluble solids content, and the color of the flesh and epidermis. Melon disorders such as water-soaking (du Chatenet et al., 2000; Serrano et al., 2002) and over-ripening are also important problems for the fresh melon fruit market. Melon over-ripening symptoms are due to fruit senescence, when fruit exhibit disintegrated and waterlogged flesh, particularly close to the seed cavity and the placenta, unusually yellow, very soft flesh, and, in severe stages, the fruit split open at the blossom end (Rose et al., 1998). Melon water-soaking is a calcium-related disorder and is affected by crop management, lack of soil aeration, extreme differences between day and night temperatures, average soil temperatures below 15°C, lack of calcium nutrition, and
Cultivar Differences in the Incidence of Fruit Rots in Breadfruit (Artocarpus Altilis)
Acta Horticulturae, 2014
Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) is well-recognised as having significant potential as a tropical food crop; however, short shelf life significantly constrains its availability for greater utilisation. In the Caribbean, fruit rots and other defects are among several preharvest factors that reduce fruit quality and marketability at harvest and may also contribute to poor postharvest quality. Breadfruit genetic diversity in the region is very limited; therefore, it is important to determine whether cultivar differences in susceptibility to fruit rots and defects exist. In this study the incidence of fruit rots and other fruit defects including cracking, immaturity or over-maturity, deformity or damage during harvesting was evaluated during the dry and wet season in 2005 and 2006 in 39 accessions in a breadfruit germplasm collection at the University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago. The accessions consisted of cultivars collected from the Caribbean and imported from the National Tropical Botanic Garden in Hawaii. Among the accessions the incidence of fruit rots on harvested fruit ranged from 0 to 84.1%. Differences among accessions were very highly significant (p<0.001) for the incidence of fruit rot, the percentage of the fruit surface affected with fruit rot, overmaturity and cracking. The differences among accessions on the percentage of unmarketable fruits were very highly significant (p=0.000). Unmarketable fruits accounted for 46.7% of all harvested fruit with fruit rots appearing on 63.4% and other fruit defects on 36.6% of unmarketable fruit. These results indicate serious losses of marketable yield, and potentially of postharvest quality, due to fruit rots and other defects which may be alleviated by cultivar selection, improved crop management and cultivar specific maturity indices.
Advances in horticultural science, 2020
The variability affecting the main agronomic traits of 10 snake melon genotypes (Cucumis melo var. flexuosus L.) (three F1 hybrids, six breeding lines and the widely grown and consumed traditional cultivar Mornagui), grown under greenhouse conditions during 2014 and 2015 seasons, was examined and compared. Their resistance to powdery mildew was also checked. The main productiondriving agronomic traits varied significantly (P<0.05) depending on the genotype. The major skin colour determined visually was different among the considered genotypes. The hybrids (H5 and H12) and the breeding lines (L1, L2, L5, L6 and L9) had dark green skin. The fruits of the hybrid H7 were dark and light green and the breeding line L4 has intense and dark green fruits whereas cv. Mornagui was characterized by medium light green fruits. Regarding fruit shape, the hybrids H7 and H5 produced straight fruits whereas the hybrid H12 and the breeding lines; L2, L4, L5, and L9 and the cv. Mornagui had elongate fruits. However both breeding lines L1 and L6 were characterized by straight elongate fruits. The F1 hybrid H5 was the most productive (3.6 Kg/plant and ≈ 21 fruits/plant for total yield and number of fruit/plant respectively). These findings are useful for further breeding programs aiming to develop new pow dery mildew resistant snake melon cultivars with satisfying agronomic traits.
Symptoms and Sensitivity to Chilling Injury of Cantaloupe Melons during Postharvest
Chilean journal of agricultural research, 2009
The nature and development of specific symptoms of chilling injury (CI) and the variation in sensitivity to the disorder of different cultivars of cantaloupe melons (Cucumis melo L. subsp. melo var. cantalupensis Naudin) was assessed during two seasons. Twenty-three cultivars of the Eastern Shipper (2), Western Shipper (13) and Galia (8) types were grown in a semiarid environment in Curacaví (33º27' S, 70º38' W), Chile, using common cultural practices. Fruits were harvested at the half-slip stage, except Galia (3/5 color), graded ,washed, and stored for 18 days at 0 ºC, with an additional 3 days at 20 ºC. Symptoms of CI appeared with varying intensity in almost all cultivars and were generally similar. Symptoms developed progressively: surface discoloration progressed from light pink to brownish to black, followed by large sunken areas, and eventually, discrete indentations and net whitening. Surface decay was not present in most fruits and should be considered a consequence rather than a symptom of CI. Cultivars had different sensitivities to the disorder; some cultivars were severely injured (Athena, Colima and Revigal) whereas others developed almost no symptoms of CI (Hy-Mark, Gal 96, and Voyager I). The response variability to chilling showed the need for precise temperature recommendations for these cultivars, and signaled a potential for future long-term transport or storage of some cultivars.
Genetic Background of Quality and Cell Wall Changes in Fresh-Cut Melons
VI International Postharvest Symposium, 2010
Fresh-cut melon is a growing and convenient segment of melon products. Melon cultivars were not bred specifically for fresh-cut processing, and the genetic bases for fresh-cut quality are unknown. We examined the link between fresh-cut quality, cell wall changes, and genetics in three near-isogenic lines (NILs) of melon (Cucumis melo L.) and in a 'Piel de Sapo' (PS) cultivar during a 9-day storage period at 4°C. The three NILs differed in initial firmness and differences persisted throughout storage of fresh-cut melon. Juice efflux was negatively correlated with flesh firmness. The climacteric NIL SC3-5-1 was softer and had higher juice efflux than the remaining NILs of the parental line PS. Fresh-cut prepared from NILs SC7-2 and SC10-2 were firmer and generally released less juice than SC3-5-1 and PS. Chelator-soluble pectins of SC3-5-1 exhibited a marked molecular size downshift during a 6-day storage period in SC3-5-1, but no significant differences in molecular size distribution were observed in the other NILs. Apparently two different quantitative trait loci (QTL) with pleiotropic effect were affecting flesh firmness and juice efflux. One QTL located in the linkage group (LG) III increased pectin depolymerisation, which was probably associated with climacteric behavior. Another two QTLs in LG VII and X were associated with initial firmness levels.
Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy, 2014
Corky dry rot, caused by Fusarium semitectum, is the main postharvest disease of melons in Brazil. This study investigated the effects of wounding, humidity, temperature, and inoculum concentration on the severity of corky dry rot under controlled conditions. Cantaloupe and honeydew melon types were inoculated by spraying conidial suspensions of three F. semitectum isolates. In all experiments, the tested F. semitectum isolates did not differ in relation to disease severity, but, the cantaloupe melon showed higher levels of severity. No lesions appeared on fruits that lacked wounds, and increasing wound age reduced lesion severity. Melons that were inoculated with F. semitectum developed symptoms regardless of the presence or absence of a moist chamber at the post-inoculation stage, but the lesions were larger under moist chamber conditions. There were no symptoms at 10°C, but a temperature increase from 15 to 25°C resulted in a disease severity increase. The largest lesions were observed when both melon types were inoculated with a concentration of 10 6 conidia mL -1 , but even the lowest concentration (10 1 conidia mL -1 ) was sufficient for causing lesions. Injury reduction and/or the acceleration of melon healing, as well as environmental variable control and a reduction of inoculum sources, are essential to reducing corky dry rot severity.
Effect of Storage Temperature on Rind Pitting and Fruit Rot in Satsuma 'Okitsu
XII International Citrus Congress - International Society of Citriculture, 2015
Rind disorders on satsuma mandarin have caused serious crop losses in Uruguay. The causes of these disorders are not well understood and their incidence is erratic, showing high variability from year to year and among orchards. Satsuma fruit suffers chilling injury during cold storage, and rind pitting is a common symptom. The objective of this study was to analyze fruit response to different storage temperatures evaluating pitting development and the incidence of different drench treatments on fruit rot and pitting development. Satsuma 'Okitsu' fruits were harvested from two different farms, one with high pitting history (Q102) and the other with low pitting history (Q100). Fruits of each farm were drenched with five different treatments, leaving an untreated sample as control. Fruits from each orchard and drench treatment were kept at 3°C, 6°C or at room temperature, during 30 days. After being drenched the fruits were degreened, waxed and stored. Fruits stored at room temperature did not show pitting, whereas fruits stored at 3°C showed the greatest incidence of pitting. Fruits from the farm Q102 showed higher incidence of pitting than those from the farm Q100. Drench treatments did not affect pitting level but they affected rot incidence. Fruits stored at 3 and 6°C had less incidence of fruit decay than samples stored at room temperature. Four rind samples of fruits with pitting from Q102 and 8 rind samples of fruit without pitting from Q100 and Q102 were analyzed in order to determine their nutrient composition.
Biological and Abiotic Stress in Cucurbitaceae Crops [Working Title]
Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is an economically profitable crop in temperate and tropical regions. Melons vary in shape, size, and skin texture; they are classified under different varieties. Fruit cracking is a general problem of melon fruit grown worldwide. This physiological disorder intensively affects the production and marketable value of fruits. Studies revealed that fruit cracking causes a 70% loss in the economy of the melon fruit industry. The cracking becomes more visible when the fruits reach maturity; no single factor is known to prevent it effectively. The severity of fruit cracking depends on the nature of the variety, climate zone, where the variety is grown, fruit growing patterns, and cultural practices. It has also been linked to improper irrigation, environmental factors, and nutritional deficiencies, particularly boron, calcium, zinc, and potassium. Horticultural practices, such as spraying growth promoters, micronutrients, antitranspirant, and regular drip irrigatio...
Chilling injury susceptibility in an intra-specific peach [ Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] progeny
Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2010
Chilling injury (CI) is the collective term for various disorders that occur during prolonged cold storage and/or after subsequent ripening of stone fruit. Major symptoms of CI include mealiness, graininess, flesh browning, loss of flavor (off flavor), and red pigmentation (bleeding). These symptoms were evaluated over 2 years in an intra-specific progeny population derived from the cross of cultivars ‘Venus’ (freestone, melting and yellow-flesh nectarine) and ‘BigTop’ (clingstone, melting and yellow-flesh nectarine) after storage of fruit at 5 °C (CI inducing conditions) for 2 and 4 weeks. All the evaluated traits in the progeny showed continuous variation which is typical of quantitative or polygenic inheritance. Longer cold storage periods increased the incidence and severity of CI symptoms, except for bleeding and leatheriness, which were not affected by time of storage. CI symptoms showed high and significant heritability or genotype effect in the studied population, with no significant effect of harvesting year. Browning, mealiness and graininess were significantly correlated and were the main CI symptoms observed in this population. Mealiness and graininess were negatively correlated with stone adhesion which reflects the higher susceptibility to CI disorders of freestone fruit. A genetic linkage map of linkage group 4 (LG4) was constructed with SSR and candidate genes (CGs). Significant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for mealiness, graininess, leatheriness and bleeding were found in this linkage group, validating QTLs for CI symptoms previously reported in this linkage group from an unrelated progeny population. In addition, QTLs controlling other agronomic and fruit quality traits were also localized in this linkage group.