KURMACANIN BİR KAYNAĞI OLARAK “EDEBİ ATIFLAR” VE BİR ÖRNEK: TRISTRAM SHANDY BEYEFENDİ’NİN HAYATI VE GÖRÜŞLERİ (LITERARY CITATIONS AS A SOURCE OF FICTION AND ONE EXAMPLE: THE LIFE AND OPINIONS OF TRISTRAM SHANDY, GENTLEMAN) (original) (raw)

Novel is a fiction, that is to say not an exact replication of reality but fictitious and virtual. Novelist structures the reality aesthetically after forming it according to their own imagination and this “new reality” created is presented to reader’s taste. Emphasis on the fictitious nature of novel has come into prominence with post-modern literature. “Play” extent of this fiction becomes evident together with this emphasis. Another way of effectively setting the play is the intertextuality. The intertextuality, in general terms, is expressed as the association of the work of an author with another text or his own work. This association can be the aspects such as: person, theme, story line and fiction etc., taking an element from another text or using different literary genres (poem, letter, newspaper article) together. It can be seen that the intertextuality is put into practice by techniques such as parody, pastiche, collage, lampoonery, quotation, reference and allusion. Reference as one of the methods to employ intertextuality is directly referring to the name of a person or to a text. Main purpose of this article is the literary references that nurture/form the fiction. Literary reference here stands for the name of literary texts or the authors/poets of these texts that are included in the work of an author. For example, there could be more than one reason to use references in a text such as strengthening the context, breaking monotony, providing information, strengthening fiction, criticising and summarising. Reference/interaction system, which is considered as intertextuality today, was also quite common before the modern novel. In Laurence Sterne’s novel The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman references from François Rabelais’s Gargantua and Pantagruel and Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra’s Don Quixote de la Mancha become prominent. In this paper, the references in Laurence Sterne’s aforementioned novel are studied in order to determine their role in the fiction.