Development and characterization of Ti-Nb-N coatings on stainless steel using reactive DC magnetron sputtering (original) (raw)
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Physics of the Solid State, 2005
Transmission and scanning electron microscopy, x-ray phase analysis, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic-force microscopy were used to study the structure and surface topography of Ti-B-N, Ti-Cr-B-(N), and Cr-B-(N) thin films. Physical, mechanical, and tribological characteristics of coatings were comparatively analyzed, including determination of the hardness, elastic modulus, elastic recovery, critical load, friction coefficient, and wear rate. It was shown that Ti-B-N and Ti-Cr-B-N coatings are superior to conventional TiN-and TiC -N-based coatings in terms of their physicomechanical and tribological properties. Ti-B-N and Ti-Cr-B-N coatings deposited under optimum conditions were characterized, accordingly, by a hardness of 31-34 and 40-47 GPa, an average elastic modulus of 378 and 506 GPa, a friction coefficient of 0.49-0.60 and 0.45-0.52, a dry-wear rate of (3.4-4.6) × 10-7 and (6.0-6.8) × 10-7 mm 3 N-1 m-1 , and a largest critical load of 50 and 22 N. Features in the determination of the physicomechanical properties of films during nanoindentation and their wear properties are discussed.
Application of TiN/TiO 2 coatings on stainless steel: composition and mechanical reliability
IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. , 2018
The paper reports on the effect of the substrate temperature (350 o C, 380 o C and 420 °C) during reactive magnetron sputtering of a TiN film on the phase composition, texture and mechanical properties of TiN/TiO 2 coatings on 304L stainless steel substrates. Pure Ti was used as a cathode source of Ti. The texture and unit cell parameters of both TiN and TiO 2 phases of the coating are discussed in relation with the tribological properties and adhesion of the coating. The scratch tests performed showed that the nitride deposited at 380 °C, having the highest unit cell parameter and a predominant (111) texture, possessed the lowest friction coefficient (μ), tangential force and brittleness. The anatase-type TiO 2 with predominant (101) pole density and increased c unit cell parameter showed the highest stability on the nitride deposited at 420 °C. The results indicated that the friction coefficient, tangential force and critical forces of fracture could be varied by controlling the coating deposition temperature.
Thin Solid Films, 2000
Stainless steel coatings were deposited at a low temperature on low-carbon steel and mono-crystalline silicon substrates by dc-magnetron sputtering in a reactive atmosphere of nitrogen at room temperature. The total mass flow of argon and nitrogen Ž . was kept constant 20 sccm for all depositions and the nitrogen mass flow varied between 0 and 10 sccm with increments of 1 sccm, while the argon mass flow was decreased by the same amount. The elemental composition of the coatings and their Ž . deposition rate were studied by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy RBS , by X-ray emission induced by charge particles Ž . Ž . PIXE , and by nuclear reaction analysis NRA . The nitrogen content was found to increase with increasing mass flow up to a Ž . saturation value of 40 at.%. A structural analysis by means of conversion electron Mossbauer spectroscopy CEMS and grazing Ž . incidence X-ray diffraction GXRD was also performed. The results indicated the presence of the so-called S-phase, probably due to nitrogen in solid solution at interstitial sites in the austenite lattice. The lattice expanded as the nitrogen mass flow increased. This phase is particularly interesting for industrial applications because it increased the resistance to wear without compromising the corrosion resistance of the steel. ᮊ
Characterization of nanostructured Ti-B-(N) coatings produced by direct current magnetron sputtering
Thin Solid Films, 2007
A series of Ti-B-(N) coatings prepared by dc magnetron sputtering using TiB 2 targets in Ar/N 2 gas mixtures has been chemically and structurally characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, electron energy-loss spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The influence of synthesis parameters such as applied heating power and nitrogen flow on the structure and chemical composition of the coatings has been studied. Independently of the experimental conditions employed during the synthesis, hexagonal TiB 2 is the main crystalline phase present in the coatings. The use of N 2 leads to the formation of an amorphous mixture of BN/TiN phases, as well as a diminution of the TiB 2 crystalline phase. The influence of the composition and structure of the coatings on their hardness is also discussed.
Surface & Coatings Technology, 1995
Ti 1-x Al x N hard coatings are already successfully applied for cutting tool applications with extreme conditions. Special emphasis in this field is laid on high hardness, oxidation resistance and superior tribological properties. The aim of this work is to present a comprehensive study on the influence of the Al content on coating microstructure and related mechanical and tribological properties. A DC magnetron sputtering system was used to deposit coatings in an Ar+N 2 discharge at constant N 2 partial pressure and bias voltage onto high-speed steel substrates. Ti 1-xT Al xT targets with atomic ratios x T =0.5, 0.6, 0.67 and 0.75 were used. By X-ray diffraction and transmission microscopy the fcc single-phase coatings at low Al contents and dual-phase or hcp coatings at higher Al contents are investigated in detail. Hardness measurements showed high values of 33 GPa for x=0.54 in the coating, decreasing with increasing Al to values of 19 GPa at x=0.76. Friction coefficients against stainless steel balls were high at room temperature with values around 1.5, but decreased significantly at higher temperatures to 0.88 at 700 8C. The wear performance was better for dual-phase and hcp coatings with high Al contents compared to fcc coatings. This investigation shows clearly the relations between target and coating composition, where the resulting structure specifies their mechanical and tribological properties. D
Thin Solid Films, 2004
Stainless steel coatings were deposited on low carbon steel and on monocrystalline silicon substrates by DC-magnetron sputtering in a reactive atmosphere containing argon and nitrogen. As the deposition process should be applied for industrial applications on in line and continuous processing, the substrates were grounded and not heated during the deposition. The nitrided stainless steel coatings were studied from the structural point of view. The preferential orientation (111) and/or (200) of the layers associated with the column-like morphology, underlined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), is related to the thermal history of the coating growth. Interstitial nitrogen atoms are homogenously distributed in the fcc array of austenitic steel.
Coatings, 2018
This paper presents a study of the tribological properties of stainless steel coatings with varying Ag contents, deposited via magnetron sputtering. The growth of the coatings was done in Ar and Ar + N 2 atmospheres in order to change the crystalline phase in the coating. The analysis of the chemical composition was performed using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and the structural analysis was performed via X-ray diffraction (XRD). The adhesive wear resistance and the friction coefficient were evaluated using the ball-on-disk test with a ball of alumina. The coatings' adhesion was measured with a scratch tester and the mechanical properties were evaluated with a nanoindenter. The morphology of the films and the wear track were characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). By means of XRD, phases corresponding to the body-centred cubic (BCC) structure were found for the coatings deposited in an inert atmosphere and face-centred cubic (FCC) for those deposited in a reactive atmosphere. A more compact morphology was observed in coatings with a higher silver content. The values of the hardness increased with an increase in the silver content and the presence of nitrogen in the coatings. In the wear traces, mainly mechanisms of oxidative and adhesive wear and plastic deformation were found. The coefficient of friction decreased with an increase of silver in the coatings, whereas the wear rate decreased.
Mechanical properties, bonding characteristics, and oxidation behaviors of Nb–Si–N coatings
Surface and Coatings Technology, 2018
Nb-SiN coatings with Si contents of 0-30 at.% were fabricated through reactive direct current magnetron cosputtering. The processing parameters were various sputtering powers, substrate holder rotation speeds, and nitrogen flow ratio (N 2 /(N 2 + Ar)). Three phase regions, namely face-centered cubic (f.c.c.) NaCl structure, X-ray amorphous, and nanocrystalline phases, were identified and related to the chemical compositions of the coatings.
Wear studies of (Ti–Al)N coatings deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering
Wear, 2005
Titanium-aluminium nitride coatings were deposited on stainless steel substrates by reactive dc magnetron sputtering using a composite target. Coatings were prepared by varying nitrogen flow ratio systematically. Wear studies of (Ti-Al)N coatings were studied methodically for all the coated samples. Wear tests were performed on Plint make reciprocating wear tester with ball-on-plate configuration (model TE-70).