Úrovně spravedlnosti: Liberalismus, kosmopolitismus a lidská práva (Levels of Justice: Liberalism, Cosmopolitanism, and Human Rights) (original) (raw)
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This paper questions the social rights concept by analyzing comperatively the texts of both “The Universal Decleration of Human Rights” (UDHR) and “International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights” (ICESCR) and the concept of liberalism. It is evident that the international legal basis of social rights should be analyzed carefully in order to understand the reasons and core concepts of the current transition of the social rights which have begun to be acknowledged as free market economy issues, such as privatization of social security system, health services and education. The purpose of this paper is to argue that on drafting of both UDHR and ICESCR might have been affected implicitly by the idea of liberalism. Hence, as looking through the texts of both ICESCR and UDHR, with a critical view, it is possible to argue that there are a number of clues enough to claim that the core ideas of social rights are eventually based on liberal ideas, such as individualism, reciprocity principle, social contract concept and right to seek own happiness.
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The twentieth century saw the rise of internationalism among various liberal nation-states. By the end of twentieth century, there was hope among liberal intellectuals that the end of the Cold War would usher in the “end of history.” However, the twenty-first century has seen a resurgence of isolationist and relativist doctrines in the sphere of international politics that threatens to impede the influence of liberal doctrine, institutions, and most importantly, international law. This paper assesses the development of Western liberalism and the “idea of progress” through the following: conflict; liberalism’s implied epiphenomenalism over and against historical circumstances that led to the rise of liberal democracies; how various Hegelians have utilized Hegel to understand the liberal vision; and why the expansion of liberalism as a global and universal political philosophy has slowed.
Syllabus "Philsophy of Human Rights"
This course investigates basic philosophical questions regarding human rights, such as their status between morality and law, their scope and the problem of relativism, the concept of human dignity, their relation to democracy, whether national or cosmopolitan, and the debate over the justifiability and feasibility of socio-economic rights as human rights."
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This article presents four models of global distributive justice: Globalism, Statism, Internationalism and Transnationalism. All of these models share the liberal-egalitarian premise that all human beings possess equal moral worth. Globalism defends the global validity of egalitarian principles of distributive justice. Statism denies this and holds that a threshold level of sufficiency is all that global distributive justice requires. Internationalism argues for distinct sets of principles of distributive justice that should regulate interactions among societies. Finally, Transnationalism claims that there is a plurality of contexts of distributive justice within and beyond the state, and that each of these contexts gives rise to separate principles of distributive justice.