Investigation on Reverse Characteristics of Centrifugal Pump In Turbine Mode: A Comparative Study By An Experimentation And Simulation (original) (raw)
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Study of Centrifugal Pump Operating as Turbine in Small Hydropower Plants
2013
This paper presents the benefits that can be obtained by replacing the conventional hydraulic turbines with reversible pumps in a micro-hydropower plant. To support these arguments the experimental data were presented collected after upgrading of such a hydropower plant located on a local medium-sized river.
Global Journal of Science Frontier Research: A Physics and Space Science , 2021
For thousands of years human beings have used the power of flowing water for various activities. However, there are several other ways we can generate energy using the power of water. This paper tends to demonstrate by experiment that the best efficiency point of a centrifugal pump both in direct and reverse mode can be investigated and used to determine electricity generation in a micro-hydro scheme to power rural areas that might not be connected to the national grid. Investigations were done to test and measure the fuel rate of consumption of the centrifugal pump running in pump mode. The results demonstrated that the efficiency is indirectly proportional to the fuel level. The pressure and velocity head were also determined. The maximum velocity of flow was 3 ∙ 90 m s ⁄ at a pressure gauge of 39 pal. Investigations were also done by testing the centrifugal pump in the pump mode to determine its best efficiency point (BEP) which was71%. In the pump mode investigation, the measured parameters were flow rate (8 ∙ 17m3 s ⁄ ), speed (3589 rpm), power output (129 ∙ 91 Watts), power input (183 ∙ 02 Watts), and velocity flow (3 ∙ 90m s ⁄ ). The investigation shows that for the generation of electricity, the centrifugal pump can be used as an alternative to a turbine. Keywords: centrifugal pump, small hydropower (SHP), pump as turbine (PaT), pump efficiency.
IJERT-Investigation of Centrifugal Pump as Turbine : A Review Report
International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2014
https://www.ijert.org/investigation-of-centrifugal-pump-as-turbine-a-review-report https://www.ijert.org/research/investigation-of-centrifugal-pump-as-turbine-a-review-report-IJERTV3IS10645.pdf Pump as turbine (PAT) is the best technique for satisfying the energy demands and providing the electrical energy in isolated and rural areas. Commercial development through renewable energy segment generates more employment and that leads to communal development of the country. Due to the economic constraints the micro hydro left undeveloped. Still the running cost for micro hydro range are extremely low, the initial capital cost are high when compare with turbine cost. Currently, applications of pump as turbine have been involved in energy recovery systems such as water distribution systems, sewage systems, Reverse Osmosis systems, farm systems, irrigation systems, as pressure dropping valves and as small pump storage power stations. Since 1930, the main dispute was the selections of PAT for a micro hydro application. During the study, work done in the region of pump running as turbine in reverse operation has been clearly explained. In the current review, the chronological improvement of PAT is studied. The technical report of the centrifugal pump running in turbine mode characteristics is presented. Theoretical, numerical and experimental investigations established by several researchers on PAT are reviewed. The existing trends and potential range for more development and implementation of PAT are also discussed.
Complex., 2021
Using a pump in reverse mode as a hydraulic turbine remains an alternative for hydropower generation in meeting energy needs, especially for the provision of electricity to remote and rural settlements. The primary challenge with small hydroelectric systems is attributed to the high price of smaller size hydraulic turbines. A specific commercial pump model, with a flow rate of 12.5 m3/h, head 32 m, pressure side diameter of 50 mm, impeller out, and inlet diameters of 160 mm and 6 mm, respectively, was chosen for this research. This research aimed to investigate a pump’s flow characteristics as a turbine to help select a suitable pump to be used as a turbine for micro- or small hydropower construction. Numerical methodologies have been adopted to contribute to the thoughtful knowledge of pressure and velocity distribution in the pump turbine performance. In this study, the unsteady flow relations amongst the rotating impeller and stationary volute of the centrifugal pump made up four...
Reversing Centrifugal Pumps as Alternative to Conventional Turbines for Micro Hydropower: A Review
Environment and Water Resource Management / 837: Health Informatics / 838: Modelling and Simulation / 839: Power and Energy Systems, 2016
This paper presents the operation of centrifugal pumps as turbines for micro hydropower application. Block diagrams are used to present components required from intake chamber to hydropower plant and their electrical energy mechanism for micro hydropower system. A comparison of operational parameters of pump as turbine and conventional turbines is discussed. Also, the paper discusses three types of methods for selecting the centrifugal pump as turbine based on the head, flow rate, rotational speed and specific speed. Furthermore, the technique used to determine the flow rate characteristics are discussed as well as the technical guideline is tabulated to assist the application of centrifugal pump as turbine for micro hydropower scheme development.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS ON A CENTRIFUGAL PUMP OPERATING IN TURBINE MODE
Acknowledgments "I would like to thank my family for all the effort, patience and support during this educational process. It is important to thank the Hydraulic and Metrology laboratories of EAFIT University for the necessary equipment and support to complete the project, as well as classmate and friend Sebastian Sierra P., for helping me with reverse engineering process. I would like to express my gratitude to my advisor, Santiago Orrego for the support and patience in the accomplishment of diverse tasks in the project and all the guys from the Applied Mechanics Laboratory for being always kind and making the workplace a funny place to be." Abstract The project presents the study of a centrifugal pump operating in turbine mode as an alternative in micro power generation for isolated regions of Antioquia that are not connected to the national energy network. The use of engineering knowledge as well as powerful computational resources permit development of solutions for environmental problems like the present case where a great amount of people might benefit from natural resources. In the project, computational models were obtained by reverse engineering techniques in order to perform CFD simulations at several conditions for a centrifugal pump when operated in reverse behavior (Flow rate and total head at angular velocity of 1750[rpm]) . The objective was to find best operation values, able to generate electricity [1.5kW ], by means of maximum efficiency in reverse operation of the pump. The results were plotted and compared with experimental methods proposed by researchers worldwide.
Variable speed operation of centrifugal pumps running as turbines. Experimental investigation
Renewable Energy, 2019
Pumps running as turbines are pointed out as a cost-effective solution for energy recovery in pressurised water supply systems. However, these hydraulic machines feature low efficiency under variable discharge operation due to the lack of an inlet flow control component. Variable speed operation is an approach for controlling the discharge at the pump as turbine inlet aiming at increasing the operational efficiency. This research work presents the experimental investigation for measuring the variable speed characteristic curves of pumps running as turbines, focusing on the turbine and on the extended operation modes. Three single-stage end-suction closed-impeller centrifugal pumps with different unit specific speed values are tested. Turbine mode test results show that the discharge-specific energy operating range is broadened with increasing efficiency if the machines are operated with variable speed. Extended operation results show that these hydraulic machines do not feature the instability region near the runaway conditions, the so-called the "s-curve". Outcomes of this experimental investigation provide the required insights for establishing the design technical specifications of micro hydropower plants with variable speed pumps running as turbines, aiming at maximizing the energy recovered in pressurised water supply systems.
Performance of a Centrifugal Pump as a Pico Hydro Scale Turbine
Advances in Applied Sciences
Utilization of the potential energy of water scale piko hydro is still very small, one of the challenges is that water turbines are not sold freely on the market, to get it must be ordered in advance to certain shops or workshops so that the price of turbines becomes expensive. The purpose of this experimental research is to analyze the performance of alternative fluid engines that can function as water turbines, namely pumps as turbines (PAT). Tests were carried out on three sizes of centrifugal pumps, namely 1 inch, 1.5 inches and 2 inches. using the same test equipment. The test results found that centrifugal pumps can be used as a good alternative as a water turbine. The larger pump size results in a lower head, power and efficiency. The results of testing at constant rotation and head, PAT 1 inch superior to PAT 1.5 inches, and PAT 2 inches. The maximum power and efficiency of 1 inch PAT is 235 W and 38% occur at a constant head of 15 m, 4.1 L/s discharge and 850 rpm rotation. This data inspired the researchers to create head and discharge standards suitable for each PAT size. Furthermore, many centrifugal pumps are sold in the market, it is necessary to do further research to get the right recommendations about the type, brand and size of the ideal pump used as a pico hydro scale water turbine in accordance with the potential for water and head discharge in the community.
2015
The research on ̳pumps as turbines‘ at this critical phase of developing decentralized small hydro systems is appropriate for many reasons. The conventional turbine technologies like pelton and cross flow turbines that have been implemented in the micro hydro sector have to be custom-made and are therefore more expensive. They also need expert design and precise manufacturing skills for a good performance. This often becomes a bottleneck especially for smaller projects below 20 KWs of installed capacity. An alternative approach of using well-known ̳pump as turbine‘ technology can be contemplated and popularized. Pumps are readily available all over the world in every shape and size, mainly due to the ever-increasing demand for pumping application [7]. This research presents CFD based prediction of performance analysis of PAT for Dabis Hydro site which is located in West Shewa zone of Ethiopia, at 8°52'38.97" N latitude and 37°47'04.95" E longitude. According to sec...
Performance Analysis of Centrifugal Pump Operating as Turbine for Identified Micro/Pico
2016
— The research on ‗pumps as turbines ‘ at this critical phase of developing decentralized small hydro systems is appropriate for many reasons. The conventional turbine technologies like pelton and cross flow turbines that have been implemented in the micro hydro sector have to be custom-made and are therefore more expensive. They also need expert design and precise manufacturing skills for a good performance. This often becomes a bottleneck especially for smaller projects below 20 KWs of installed capacity. An alternative approach of using well-known ‗pump as turbine ‘ technology can be contemplated and popularized. Pumps are readily available all over the world in every shape and size, mainly due to the ever-increasing demand for pumping application [7]. This research presents CFD based prediction of performance analysis of PAT for Dabis Hydro site which is located in West Shewa zone of Ethiopia, at 8°52'38.97 " N latitude and 37°47'04.95 " E longitude. Accordin...