Book Review, Merchants of War and Peace: British Knowledge of China in the Making of the Opium War by Song-Chuan Chen (original) (raw)

AI-generated Abstract

In "Merchants of War and Peace: British Knowledge of China in the Making of the Opium War", Song-Chuan Chen argues that the Opium War's origins lie primarily with the pro-war merchants in Canton rather than the opium trade or broader British imperial ambitions. The book highlights the complex dynamics of British attitudes towards China, illustrating how these merchants lobbied for war while anti-war voices managed to shape the narrative surrounding the conflict. It delves into issues such as the Canton system of trade, the evolution of linguistic perceptions regarding Europeans, and the strategic intelligence gathered by merchants that influenced military actions during the war.

Sign up to get access to over 50M papers

Sign up for access to the world's latest research

When the Barbarians Meet: The Clash of Two Great Civilizations in the Second Opium War

This investigation focuses on the relationship between the Chinese empire and the Western world, starting from Lord Macartney’s visit to China in 1793 and ending with the conclusion of the Second Opium War in 1860. The negotiations, battles, and remarks made during the Second Opium War from 1856 to 1860 are viewed in detail to determine how each side was changing its opinion of the other. The question driving the investigation stands as: How Did the Second Opium War Shape the Sino-Western Relationship? The sources used in this investigation included both primary and secondary sources acquired from Western and Chinese publications. Instead of focusing on the long-term effects of the Second Opium War, the study depicts the immediate shifts in opinions following the battles and the changes in the Chinese world order after the war. Additionally, the investigation describes interactions between the British and the Chinese prior to the Second Opium War, recounting events that increased tensions between the nations. Both viewing the other party as barbaric before the war, the Westerners and the Chinese came to acknowledge the strengths of the other nation and adopt foreign techniques that would promote economic and intellectual productivity. Additionally, the Second Opium War stands as one of the events that opened up China to the outside world, as the Chinese emperor had previously lacked a respect for foreign sovereigns. The Self-Strengthening Movement of the Chinese was largely focused to bolster foreign affairs, as the government set up schools to train students to be fluent in many languages.

China and the Opium Wars: Brewing the Perfect Cup of Humiliation

The year is 1840, and two superpowers are having an extremely heated debate on how best to brew the perfect cup of tea. On one side, China is arguing that such a marvel should be brewed in a controlled environment while Britain disagrees strongly by suggesting brewing it in a less controlled setting

Saving civilization from empire: Belligerency, pacifism and the two faces of civilization during the Second Opium War

Conventional accounts of international society's expansion have traditionally emphasized the role played by 'civilizing missions' in facilitating and legitimating European aggression and imperial expansion. Conversely, in this article, I demonstrate that the relationship between imperial violence and the rhetoric of 'civilizing missions' was far more contested and contingent than International Relations scholars have generally assumed. Using the parliamentary debate surrounding Britain's involvement in the Second Opium War as a case study, I reveal that civilizational rhetoric in the 1857 'China debate' was equally implicated in both anti-imperialist and imperialist agendas. Richard Cobden's victory in the debate over Palmerston's pro-war ministry further illustrates the political potency of appeals to civilization as a brake -however temporary -on Britain's imperial expansion. An appreciation of civilization's janusfaced character -as a rhetorical commonplace that at different times abetted and inhibited imperial aggression -is therefore critical if we are to comprehend the halting and arrhythmic pattern of international society's progressive expansion under British leadership in the mid-Victorian period.

Exchanges of Threats: The Opium Wars

China: Promise or Threat?, 2017

China: Promise or Threat? compares China and the West, demonstrating that China has a strong private realm of family life but acts unreliably in matters of government and the law, while the reverse is true in the West.

Loading...

Loading Preview

Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.