Turn Taking in Discourse.docx (original) (raw)
Turn Taking Strategies in Kurdish Casual Conversation
The Journal of The University of Duhok, 2021
The current study investigates the essential strategies of turn taking of conversations from an analytical point of view. The data were collected from everyday conversations, namely face to face conversations, of some students of Duhok University to identify the basic structures of talk in interactions in Krmanji Kurdish. Stenstrom theory (1994) has been chosen for studying the strategies of turn taking of casual conversation in Kurdish. The current study analyses the Badini Kurdish students (4 participants) in conversations. The study concludes that conversations are not always produced in a typical way. Some actions happen in conversation when participants communicate about topics. Participants constantly try to switch turns and therefore change from their roles as listeners to speakers, topic initiators to topic followers. Also, interrupting each other to take turns, or waiting till the other interacts and finishes his/her talk. Moreover, Hearers could make some sounds or signs to indicate that they are listening to the speakers
2020
In this study, we propose a conversation-analytic annotation scheme for turn-taking behavior in multi-party conversations. The annotation scheme is motivated by a proposal of a proper model of turn-taking incorporating various ideas developed in the literature of conversation analysis. Our annotation consists of two sets of tags: the beginning and the ending type of the utterance. Focusing on the ending-type tags, in some cases combined with the beginning-type tags, we emphasize the importance of the distinction among four selection types: i) selecting other participant as next speaker, ii) not selecting next speaker but followed by a switch of the speakership, iii) not selecting next speaker and followed by a continuation of the speakership, and iv)being inside a multi-unit turn. Based on the annotation of Japanese multi-party conversations, we analyze how syntactic and prosodic features of utterances vary across the four selection types. The results show that the above four-way di...
Turns and discourse units in everyday conversation
Journal of Pragmatics, 1985
Sacks, Schegloff and Jefferson (1974) have described how conversationalists construct turns at speaking and how they allocate them in a systematic way. In this paper, we shall describe how certain larger projects are produced. These larger projects include stories, jokes, extended descriptions, pieces of advice, and so on, and are here called Discourse Units (DUs). We shall distinguish between Closed DUs and Open DUs. Closed DUs are activities larger than one turn-constructional unit and are accomplished by a Primary Speaker holding the floor through the course of their production. We formulate some restrictions which operate on Sacks et al's turn-taking model when a Closed DU is being produced. Whereas closed DUs are projected as DUs from the beginning of their production, open DUs are not. They develop as a DU by virtue of negotiation on the type of conversational unit underway. That is to say, whether or not the turn will be built into a larger project is more dependent upon recipient as is the case for Closed DUs. We try to show that the recipient design of turn construction not only operates through syntactical projection of a possible completion point, but also action-sensitive devices have to be taken into account.
Conversation Analysis: Turn taking marker in Catatan Najwa (Setia Pengacara Setya, Part 1)
Proceedings of the Eleventh Conference on Applied Linguistics (CONAPLIN 2018), 2019
Conversations are famous yet essential in people communication. There are a lot of things can be explored from the conversations since people brings cultures in communication. People also show theirs and others' identity in the conversations they have. Therefore, investigating conversation to capture what is involved inside becomes important. In line to the importance of investigating conversation, political news interview is also interesting to be investigated since it brings information to the public. It is also used by the politician to clarify the policies taken by the government. This study aimed to investigate the interactional pattern of the political news interview through outlining the turn taking organization. "Catatan Najwa" was chosen to be the materials for this research. The researchers particularly chose the episode of "Setia Pengacara Setya, Part 1" since the related issues became trending in certain period of time. The video of selected interview was taken from Youtube channel. The video was transcribed, explored and examined to capture the organization of turn taking. The result of the study indicated that the interview interaction was considered as high density since there are a lot of interruptions and overlaps. Although it was high density, the organization of turn taking can be considered as highly structured.
Turn sequence and classroom discourse
Classroom discourse is considered an important aspect of learning and teaching the new language. The turn sequence is one type of classroom discourse and it's considered as an important way to learn the skill of speaking the English Language, and one type of classroom discourse is the (IRF) pattern. IRF pattern is an abbreviation for (teacher initiation, students' response, and feedback or follow up by (teacher or student). This research focuses on discussing classroom discourse and the (IRF) pattern as an important way to discover the role of it in learning the English Language. It also focuses on the teacher's role, as the dominant power of discourse inside the classroom and how to use the (IRF) pattern to encourage students to participate in different activities inside their classes. Data were collected from a regular English Language Learning classroom, and then the data were transcribed and analyzed to show how the (IRF) pattern was used in the classroom. The results showed that the use of turn sequence and the IRF pattern was very useful to stimulate and encourage students and learners of English Language to participate by talking about different things inside the classroom either between their teacher and themselves or between the students but by the help of the teacher.
Sociolinguists, social theorists and conversation analysts shed light on scaffolding the performance of social activities and the learner's interaction within cultures and social groups. The researchers have examined the sequences of interactional events in the classroom discourse analysis during 1960s and 1970s . On the basis of these researches, turn-taking and its patterns are examined in the conversational analysis, on the grounds that it is critical to thinking in SLA classrooms (Rymes, 2008, p. 155). According to Hutchby and Wooffitt , the nature of turn-taking in talk-in-interaction is essential in discourse analysis in relation to teaching and learning practices. In this regard, this study examines how different turn-taking patterns enhance the interaction in L2 classroom. Data obtained from each teacher were recorded to analyze an hour of teacher's talk. At this stage, transcripts of the sound recordings of three teacher's talk and frequency results were compared. The data results showed the types of sequences developed from the questions between teacher and student interactions. The main results of the study substantiated the view that discoursal role of Feedback sequence in IRF (Initiation-Response-Feedback sequence) is to develop a dialogue between the teacher and the students. The third sequence of IRF reformulation provided students with Feedback to interact so that they could co-construct another sequence. In this reformulation, teacher provided a scaffold for the students' interaction to share their own experiences and to enhance students' critical thinking in L2 classrooms.
Computational Modeling of Turn-Taking Dynamics in Spoken Conversations
2017
The study of human interaction dynamics has been at the center for multiple research disciplines including computer and social sciences, conversational analysis and psychology, for over decades. Recent interest has been shown with the aim of designing computational models to improve human-machine interaction system as well as support humans in their decision-making process. Turn-taking is one of the key aspects of conversational dynamics in dyadic conversations and is an integral part of humanhuman, and human-machine interaction systems. It is used for discourse organization of a conversation by means of explicit phrasing, intonation, and pausing, and it involves intricate timing. In verbal (e.g., telephone) conversation, the turn transitions are facilitated by inter-and intra-speaker silences and overlaps. In early research of turn-taking in the speech community, the studies include durational aspects of turns, cues for turn yielding intention and lastly designing turn transition modeling for spoken dialog agents. Compared to the studies of turn transitions very few works have been done for classifying overlap discourse, especially the competitive act of overlaps and function of silences.