Desalination of Water Using Cellulose Paper Coated with Graphene Oxide Nanostructured Material (original) (raw)
Related papers
Iraqi Journal of Science
Polluted water has been considered a critical issue nowadays, threatening the environment and lives of living creatures. Because of technological and industrial advancements, as well as increased social activities of humans in various countries, pollution sources have multiplied. To reduce the impact of this problem, many techniques have been developed in order to reach zero discharge pollution. In the last decade, graphene oxide (GO) - a member of the graphene nanomaterials family, has been the focus of many research efforts in the water treatment sector because of its extraordinary properties. This review highlights the research efforts conducted to investigate GO as a novel adsorbent for water treatment applications and recent fulfilments in the last 3 years. The synthesis techniques, properties, and efficiency of this material in water treatment will be explained. All results confirm the future role of GO as an efficient absorbent to solve wastewater purification challenges...
2020
The presence of contaminants in the water is a problem that worries humanity since the consumption of water with inadequate concentrations of contaminants can cause serious problems to human health, and different technologies have been used to reduce or eliminate those contaminants in drinking water. Adsorption has been highlighted because of its low cost and simplicity removal process and, graphene oxide has been reported as excellent adsorbent because it has functional groups that offer stability, antifouling, and hydrophilicity, important to contaminants removal from water. The review of literature related to graphene oxide, water contaminants, and their impact on human health was the basis for the execution of the present work. A thorough analysis of each selected article and critical analysis were made to report the ability to remove contaminants and factors that can contribute J Nanotechnol Res 2020; 2 (4): 060-091 DOI: 10.26502/ jnr.2688-85210017 Journal of Nanotechnology Res...
Journal of Polymer Engineering, 2019
New formulations of cellulose acetate (CA) membrane with graphene (G)/graphene oxide (GO) are suggested and investigated in the present work. This study is intended to find a wide range of conditions for fabricating CA membranes in the presence of some additions of graphene (G), and graphene oxide (GO). The membrane is prepared by phase inversion process. Microscopic investigations for graphene (G), graphene oxide (GO), and prepared membrane were performed by high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical properties of prepared membranes are determined and evaluated. Permeation tests were performed using natural seawater and simulated seawater to check the prepared membrane performance. The results presented that the permeate flux of M25% CA membranes containing 0.01 wt.% G is the highest flux (57–74 l/m2 h) compared with the neat CA membrane, and the 0.01 wt.% GO-based membranes, while the GO-based membranes were comp...
Production of Graphene Membranes from Rice Husk Biomass Waste for Improved Desalination
Nanomaterials, 2024
Inexpensive and efficient desalination is becoming increasingly important due to dwindling freshwater resources in view of climate change and population increase. Improving desalination techniques of brackish water using graphene-based materials has the possibility to revolutionize freshwater production and treatment. At the same time, graphene matter can be cheaply massproduced from biowaste materials. In view of this, graphene material was obtained from a four-step production approach starting from rice husk (RH), including pre-carbonation, desilication, chemical activation, and exfoliation. The results showed that the produced samples contained a mixture of graphene layers and amorphous carbon. The activation ratio of 1:5 for carbonized RH and potassium hydroxide (KOH), respectively, provided higher graphene content than the 1:4 ratio of the same components, while the number of active layers remained unaffected. Further treatment with H2O2 did not affect the graphene content and exfoliation of the amorphous carbon. Preparation of the graphene material by the NIPS technique and vacuum filtration displayed different physicochemical characteristics of the obtained membranes. However, the membranes’ main desalination function might be related more to adsorption rather than size exclusion. In any case, the desalination properties of the different graphene material types were tested on 35 g/L saltwater samples containing NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, CaSO4, and MgSO4. The produced graphene materials efficiently reduced the salt content by up to 95%. Especially for the major constituent NaCl, the removal efficiency was high.
Effect of graphene oxide on desalination performance of cellulose acetate mixed matrix membrane
DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT
In this study, the effect of different amounts of graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles on the desalination performance of cellulose acetate (CA) reverse osmosis mixed matrix membranes has been investigated. To investigate the interactions between different parameters and optimize the membrane performances, response surface methodology (RSM) was applied. For a simultaneous enhancement of salt rejection and water flux performances, the analysis by central composite design (CCD) suggested the optimum values of 0.009 wt.% for GO content, 3500 ppm for feed salinity, and 18 bar for applied pressure as significant factors. The membrane, prepared and tested based on the optimal values, was found to have 11.12 l/m 2 •h permeation flux and 58.08% salt rejection which were in good agreement with the predicted values of 11.42 l/m 2 •h and 59.53%. It has been revealed that optimization using CCD in the range of the applied experimental parameters is a reliable method for prediction of the CA/GO membranes performance.
Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites for Water Purification - A Review
International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology, 2019
Recently, attention has been drawn towards nanostructured systems, such as nanocomposites, for usage in different fields due to increased concern for environmental sustainability. Various methods have been utilized to synthesize nanocomposites which suit different applications. Graphene /Graphene Oxide have excellent affinity to form composites with other materials. In recent years, some attempts have been made to combine Graphene with other semiconductors to enhance photocatalytic activity for water treatment. There are several visible-light-driven semiconductor photocatalysts such as CdS, TiO2, ZnO, SnO2, which show increased photocatalytic water splitting activity by combining with Graphene/Graphene Oxide. This review paper discusses the binary and ternary Graphene Oxide nanocomposites and its applications on the water decontamination.
Journal of Materials Science
In this paper, we present novel semi-permeable graphene-based membranes. Composite filters were designed and fabricated on polysulfone porous scaffolding using combinations of polycrystalline large-area High Strength Metallurgical Graphene (HSMG®), graphene oxide, hydrazine and an in-situ interfacial polymerized polyamide. The naturally occurring defects in HSMG® (which were tenths of a nanometer) were the clue in fabricating a filtering membrane. The performance of graphene membranes was evaluated in forward osmosis test. The prepared composites were proved to be semi-permeable membranes with great ions blocking efficiency (over 95%) and water flux only one order of magnitude lower than the commercial reverse osmosis membranes. The experiments’ results demonstrated that the solutions proposed in this work indicate that graphene-based membranes can be used in water treatment technology.
Water treatment by new-generation graphene materials: hope for bright future
Environmental science and pollution research international, 2018
Water is the most important and essential component of earth's ecosystem playing a vital role in the proper functioning of flora and fauna. But, our water resources are contaminating continuously. The whole world may be in great water scarcity after few decades. Graphene, a single-atom thick carbon nanosheet, and graphene nanomaterials have bright future in water treatment technologies due to their extraordinary properties. Only few papers describe the use of these materials in water treatment by adsorption, filtration, and photodegradation methods. This article presents a critical evaluation of the contribution of graphene nanomaterials in water treatment. Attempts have been made to discuss the future perspectives of these materials in water treatment. Besides, the efforts are made to discuss the nanotoxicity and hazards of graphene-based materials. The suggestions are given to explore the full potential of these materials along with precautions of nanotoxicity and its hazards....
Preparation of Graphene Oxide Sand Composites as Super Adsorbent for Water Purification Application
MATEC Web of Conferences
This paper describes a method to synthesize a graphene oxide sand composites (GSC) as filter media (absorbent) for water purification. Graphene oxides is synthesized from graphite using modification of Hummer's method. The graphene oxide sand composites is prepared through solution method at 100 °C. The graphene oxide is analyzed using XRD, FTIR to confirm its formation. The FTIR spectrum and XRD diffraction pattern confirmed that the graphene oxide synthesized by this method is able to convert graphite into graphene oxide. Performance tests were conducted using a column to purify contaminated water which was mimicked using dyes such as rhodamine B, methylene blue and methyl orange.The initial concentration for all dyes were set for 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 ppm. The color removal for methylene blue was 100% at all concentrations. However, for the rhodamine B and methyl orange, the color removal achieved 100% for the first three concentration 5, 10 and 25 ppm. The higher concentrati...
RSC Advances, 2022
Water bodies have become polluted with heavy metals and hazardous contaminants as a result of fast development. Many strategies have been devised by researchers in order to remove hazardous contaminants from the aquatic environment. Utilizing graphene oxide-based composite materials as efficient adsorbents for waste water treatment, desalination, separation, and purification is gaining attraction nowadays. Some of their defining properties are high mechanical strength, hydrophilicity, remarkable flexibility, ease of synthesis, atomic thickness, and compatibility with other materials. In water treatment, high separation performance and stable graphene-based laminar structures have been the main goals. Magnetic separation is among the methods which received a lot of attention from researchers since it has been shown to be quite effective at removing harmful pollutants from aqueous solution. Graphene oxide-modified nanocomposites have provided optimal performance in water purification. This review article focusses on the fabrication of GO, rGO and MGO nanocomposites as well as the primary characterization tools needed to assess the physiochemical and structural properties of graphene-based nanocomposites. It also discusses the approaches for exploiting graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene (rGO), and magnetic graphene oxide (MGO) to eliminate contaminants for longterm purification of water. The potential research hurdles for using fabricated MGOs as an adsorbent to remediate water contaminants like hazardous metals, radioactive metal ions, pigments, dyes, and agricultural pollutants are also highlighted.