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Transstellar Journals, 2019
There is a huge development in the utilization of advanced materials for high performance applications. These materials settle a lot of mechanical issues and they present extensive test in machining because of poor machinability qualities. Machining is one of the essential and irreplaceable procedures in the production industry. Amid the machining procedure the heat produced in the cutting zone which is basic in choosing the work piece quality. Despite the fact that different cutting fluids are utilized to take away the heat in machining, their usage results in destroying nature and affecting the health of the workers. Oil impacts the cutting zone because of arrangement of film layer which decreases rubbing between the mating surfaces which results lowering temperature and improve the surface finish. In a few examinations it is accounted for that presentation of nano particles in cutting fluids prompted great execution in machining to diminish cutting forces, temperature and improved surface finish of the work piece along these lines improving efficiency and decreasing risks to health and preferred condition over traditional MQL process. The molybdenum disulfide [MoS 2 ] is broadly utilized as solid lubricant material, it's potential as a successful medium in MQL points of interest in processing activity yet to be investigated. Therefore the use of MoS 2 nano particles in machining activities as for surface finish, cutting forces, tool wear and temperature at the cutting zone are evaluated.
A Review on Minimum Quantity Lubrication for Machining Processes
Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2014
Presently, nanoparticles are mixed into lubricants to enhance the lubricating and cooling properties. Some research works are available on minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) machining performance of nanofluids suspended with MoS2, Al2O3 and xGnP nanoparticles. However, the deficiency has been found in applying of metal particles like copper (Cu) nanoparticles. In this research, nanofluids have been prepared by mixing four types of nanoparticle (Cu, Graphite, MoS2 and Al2O3) into natural-77 vegetable oil with two concentrations (1 % and 2 %). Taguchi's orthogonal array has used for experimental design. The machining performance of nanofluids are evaluated with regard to the reduction in cutting force and surface roughness during MQL milling of Ti-6Al-4V alloys. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) has carried out to investigate the relative influence of machining parameters. From the analysis, Cu and Graphite nanoparticles have shown higher effects for reducing cutting force and surface roughness. The results of ANOVA have shown that the type and concentration of nanoparticles influence the cutting force significantly. The confirmation tests have carried out and found that copper-nanofluid reduced cutting force and surface roughness by 8.84 % and 14.74 %, respectively. Graphite-nanofluid reduced cutting force and surface roughness by 5.51 % and 21.96 %, respectively.
Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2014
This paper studies the effect of minimum quantity lubricant of SiO 2 nanoparticle with surfactant, PEG on surface roughness during machining of mild steel. The application of conventional cutting fluid leads to techno-environmental issue such as environmental pollution. Nanolubricant consists of suspended nanoparticles in base fluid. Nanolubricant with surfactant creates stability of the particles in the base fluid. The results indicate the application of minimum quantity lubricant of nanolubricant with surfactant during machining process lead to minimum usage of cutting fluid and better surface finish.
Procedia Manufacturing, 2019
Increasing production quality and minimizing costs in machining process have become an important aspect for green machining. In order for this to be sustained, high concern towards human health and high environmental awareness has resulted to the minimization and elimination of cutting fluids. Therefore, this research project aims at investigating the feasibility of some selected nano-particles dispersed in water as the base fluids. This is deemed a promising solution due to cooling and lubricating attributes of nano-fluids. In this case Al2O3, TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles were individually dispersed in water and then used to determine the variation of temperature with machining time and also the surface morphology of chip formation observed from mild steel subjected to an end milling operation in a vertical milling machine. Two pass end milling operation was carried out on the work piece while monitoring temperature response at 30 seconds interval for each trial of experiment with K thermocouple. The mean temperature distribution result obtained were 65.977ºC, 37.542ºC, 36.868ºC and 36.5796ºC for dry, TiO2, SiO2 and Al2O3 water based nano-fluids. The results showed that Al2O3 water base nano-coolant performed better in all the 5g/L nanoparticle concentration, nano-fluids in terms of heat transfer because it had the least mean temperature when compared to dry machining. In conclusion, 5g/L concentration of nano-coolants were efficient in machining but can be improved further by optimization.
Molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) nanoparticles are known to possess exceptional tribological properties. This research evaluates the tribological behavior and performance of novel MoS2 nanoparticles based grinding fluids in minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) grinding of cast iron. Active MoS2 nanoparticles were added in low and high concentrations, to three commercially available base oils: 1) paraffin oil, 2) CANMIST oil and 3) soybean oil. To test value addition due to nanoparticles, their MQL grinding performances were compared with that of the pure base oils (without MoS2 nanoparticles) and with regular water based grinding fluid using flood cooling (wet) application. The results showed that lubricants with novel MoS2 nanoparticles significantly reduces the tangential grinding force and friction between the wear flats and the workpiece, increases G-ratio and improves the overall grinding performance in MQL applications.
Now a day's turning process is a widely used metal removal process in manufacturing industry that involves generation of high cutting forces and temperature. Lubrication becomes critical to minimize the effect of these forces and temperature on cutting tool and work piece. For this specific study investigation carried out to increase the surface finish of the work piece machined on lathe with addition of nano particles were synthesized by solution combustion process and size was found to be 28 nm from X-Ray Diffraction [XRD]. A thin layer of Al 2 O 3 nano particles on steel can be obtained by various means i.e., liquid and solid process of particle deposition under various machining process. While turning of mild steel rod, three parameters are varied i.e., spindle speed, feed rate and depth of cut. During machining Al 2 O 3 nano particles are sprayed over it. This will lead to form a thin layer over the surface that will change in properties like surface roughness and hardness. Observed better surface roughness for coated material compared to that of base material. Coating thickness also observed at various conditions during machining process.
Fluids, 2021
Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) has gained significant attention in various research fields and industrial applications for its advantages of being environmentally friendly and suitable for sustainable production. The effectiveness of MQL is increasing significantly by using nano cutting fluid, which can be produced by suspending nanoparticles in the based cutting fluid. This study aims to investigate the effects of MoS2 nanoparticle concentration, cutting speed, and feed rate on MQL hard turning of 90CrSi steel in terms of surface roughness and surface microstructure. The Box–Behnken experimental design was used to analyze the influence of input parameters and their interaction effects as well as to find the optimal set of variables. The obtained results prove the improvement of the machinability of carbide tools due to higher cooling and lubricating performance created by MoS2 nanofluid MQL, which contributes to improve the surface quality and reduce the manufacturing cost. The...
Tribological aspects of nano-particle fluid based cooling and lubrication in milling process
Journal of physics, 2023
The introduction of different additives into the cooling and lubrication systems in the metal cutting process, contributed to improving the machining process sustainability. Different types of additives can help to reduce friction, reduce wear of contact surfaces, improve heat dissipation from the cutting zone, etc. With the development of nanotechnology, great focus has been placed on the investigation and using of nano-particles, nano-additives and nanofluids in industry. In this paper, the effects of using the nano-particle based cooling and lubrication fluid are investigated. There are performed comparison effects of standard cooling and lubrication fluids versus nanofluids based cooling and lubrication on cutting process performance. Molybdenum disulphide particles are used as nano-particles, which dispersed in a standard cooling and lubrication fluid. As workpiece was used alloyed tool steel. Milling process performance indicators was analysed based on Taguchi experimental plan, for different cooling and lubrication condition and process parameters. Cutting forces component in three perpendicular axes, and machined surface parameters were measured. Experimental analysis has shown that the use of nano-particles, which mixed in a standard cooling and lubrication fluid, significantly contributes to the reduction of cutting forces, friction coefficients, more efficient cutting and generation of machined surfaces.
2014
Hardened steel AISI 4140 material is commonly used to produce automotive parts such as shafts, gears and bearings. Machining this material significantly increases the temperature in the cutting zone and is critical in deciding workpiece quality. Though cutting fluids are widely employed to dissipate the heat in machining, they threaten the ecology and health of workers. Hence, there arises a need to identify ecofriendly and user-friendly alternatives to conventional cutting fluids. Modern tribology has facilitated the use of a nano-lubrication system. For this purpose, a novel uses of nano-lubricants in minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) system were studied. In the present work, a mist of SiO 2 nano-lubrication was used and applied by air pressure in turning of hardened steel AISI4140. In this research work, the optimum SiO 2 nano-lubrication parameters to achieve correct lubrication conditions for the lowest tool wear and best surface quality were investigated. These parameters include nano-lubricant concentration, nozzle angle and air carrier pressure. The Taguchi optimization method is used with standard orthogonal array L 16 (4)3. This research is investigating on the new and novel uses of SiO 2 nano-lubricant by conducting analysis on tool wear and surface roughness using fuzzy logic and response analysis to determine which process parameters are statistically significant. Besides, these analyses were conducted in order to prove the effectiveness of nano-lubricant. Finally, confirmation tests were carried out to investigate optimization improvements.
Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 2012
An investigation on minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) grinding was carried out with the scope of documenting the process efficiency of oil-based nanolubricants. The nanolubricants were composed of MoS 2 nanoparticles (<100 nm) over coated with organic agents, dispersed in two different base oils-mineral oil (paraffin) and vegetable oil (soybean). Surface grinding tests were carried out on cast iron and EN 24 steel under different lubrication conditions-MQL using nanolubricants (varying compositional chemistry and concentration of nanoparticles), pure base oils (without nanoparticles) and base oils containing MoS 2 microparticles (3-5 m), and flood grinding using water-based coolant. Specific energy, friction coefficient in grinding and G-ratio were used as measurands for determining the process efficiency. Results show that MQL grinding with nanolubricants increases the process efficiency by reducing energy consumption, frictional losses at the wheel-workpiece interface and tool wear. The process efficiency is also found to increase with increasing nanoparticle concentration. Soybean and paraffin based-nanolubricant performed best for steel and cast iron, respectively, showing a possible functional relationship between the compositional chemistry of nanolubricant and the workpiece material, which will be the goal of future work.