Perfective tenses and epistemic modality in Northern Akhvakh (original) (raw)
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From resultatives to evidentials: Multiple uses of the Perfect in Nakh-Daghestanian languages
Journal of Pragmatics, 2001
The present study is devoted to the categories expressing the meaning of indirect evidence and, in addition, resultative and anterior meanings. In what follows, I discuss semantic characteristics and distribution of the verbal forms in three Nakh-Daghestanian languages -Archi (Lezgic), Bagvalal (Andic), and Dargwa (Dargwa) -that are traditionally labeled as Perfects. The overview of the domain of the study, material, and terminology is given in Section 1. Section 2 concerns characteristics of the Perfect in Bagvalal and Dargwa with special attention paid to the problem of how its different meanings/uses can be identified. Section 3 explores the range of meanings and distribution of incArect evidence forms in Archi; these forms exhibit many similarities with corresponding forms in areally and genetically unrelated languages. Data from Nakh-Daghestanian languages show that Perfects in these languages originate from the same lexical source, resemble each other in signaling that the speaker's statement is based on indirect evidence, either inferred or reported, but differ as to the additional uses they have. For this reason the rest of the study (section 4) is devoted to the discussion of a general problem of a possible range of uses of categories like these.
Studies in Language 42:4 (923-966), 2018
2,500 years ago Pāṇini identified the Sanskrit perfect form as expressing a non-witnessed, and therefore, evidential meaning. Across languages, the perfect is still attested as one of the central verb forms acquiring meanings of information source. This paper investigates the development of the perfect meaning into evidential meanings from two vantage points: firstly, cross-linguistically, and, secondly, in the North-Tungusic language Even. The perfect meaning typically evolves into the evidential meaning of inference, a development which has been documented in two of the three main dialects of Even by Malchukov (2000). Inference is accompanied by a mirative interpretation in first-person contexts; the current study shows that this interpretation extends to second person. As is cross-linguistically common, in Even inference has evolved to a non-witnessed meaning. By losing its perfect “nature”, this use has crossed over to the domain of discourse to signal a narrative genre by functioning as a narrative tense.
Tense, aspect and modality in Khalkha Mongolian
1997
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The tense-aspect system of Khorchin Mongolian
P. Suihkonen & L. Whaley (eds.) Typology of Languages of Europe and Northern and Central Asia. Amsterdam: Benjamins., 2014
Khorchin, a Mongolian dialect spoken in eastern Inner Mongolia, has a tense-aspect system slightly simpler than Middle Mongol and considerably simpler than Central Mongolian dialects (Khalkha, Chakhar). While it can express the time stability of ongoing events with many nuances, present habitual and generic events are not distinguished. The existence of a present perfect category is doubtful, but in any case it doesn't extend to the past as participlecopula-combinations are impossible. Evidentiality was lost in the central verbal system, but a non-obligatory quotative/hearsay marker exists. This article is an attempt to fit these phenomena into a coherent system of tense, aspect and related notions and to explore some of its diachronic implications.
2007
Eastman, Carol M.; And Others On Tense and Aspects of Aspect in Haida: Hydaburg Dialect. Lektos: interdisciplinary Working Papers in Language Sciences, Special Issue. Louisville Univ., Ky. Interdisciplinary Program in Linguistics. Aug 75 23p.; Paper presented at the International Conference on Salisham Languages (10th, August 14-16, 1975) University of Louisville, Interdisciplinary Program in Linguistics, Room 214 Humanities, Louisville, Kentucky 40208