Characterization Methods for Nanoparticles (original) (raw)

Nanoparticles exhibit unique physicochemical properties that differ significantly from bulk materials due to their small size. This paper discusses various methods for the synthesis and characterization of nanoparticles, including both top-down and bottom-up approaches, and emphasizes the importance of imaging techniques like scanning tunneling and atomic force microscopy. It highlights the two primary methods for characterization—microscopy and spectroscopy—and presents an overview of specific techniques, their principles, advantages, and limitations.