Artificial sweeteners and their association with Diabetes: A review (original) (raw)
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Artificial sweeteners and their health effects
Sugar plays an important role in our daily life. Sucrose is extracted from Saccharumspp and Beta vulgaris and is highly metabolically active and results in weight gain and type II diabetes. Due to these side effects companies launch various synthetic sweetening agents that have very low calories but are highly sweeter than normal table sugar, known as alternative sweeteners, artificial sweeteners, non-caloric sugars. These low nutrition synthetic compounds are part of soda drinks, chocolates, cakes and other baked products. Acesulfame-K, aspartame, neotame, saccharin, stevia and sucralose have been approved by the FDA for use in foods and/or drinks. People are moving toward artificial sweetener without being aware of their harmful effect. Many long term and short term studies have been performed regarding the deleterious effects of these artificial sweetners on health. Frequent consumption of high-intensity sweetners may dampens physiological responses, metabolic activities. The aim of this study is to pin point these long term as well as short term harmful effects on human health.
Artificial Sweeteners: Efficacy, safety, and physiological effects in humans: Review
المجلة العربیة للعلوم الزراعیة
With the increased demand for better health among many individual, the turning to sweeteners has been rampant as most of them contain low calories. As such, many companies have turned to the production and purchase of artificial sweeteners due to their less usage, lowering the production cost, while also improving users' calories level of consumption. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration recognize various artificial sweeteners including acesulfame-K, aspartame, saccharin, and sucralose, among others, where it also defines the acceptable daily intake value (ADI). However, despite the immense use and benefits, there are many concerns, particularly the health concerns over increased use of artificial sweeteners, where some people perceive that they promote cancer, gastrointestinal issues, and brain damage, among other issues. Hence, this review discussed artificial sweeteners, types, and their metabolic and health effects, and their usage.
Role of Artificial Sweeteners in Development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM): A Review
A number of lifestyle factors are known to be important to the development of type 2 Diabetes mellitus (DM). These are physical inactivity, sedentary lifestyle, cigarette smoking, dietary habits and generous consumption of alcohol. Recently, it has been reported that 385 million people had diabetes and the number of people with type 2 DM is increasing in every year. Obesity has been found to contribute to approximately 55% of cases of type 2 DM. Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages has been increasingly associated with obesity and type 2 DM. Hence, many people have turned to high-intensity sugar substitute sweeteners like aspartame, sucralose and saccharin as a way to reduce the risk of these consequences. However, accumulating evidence suggests that frequent consumers of these sugar substitutes may also be at increased risk of excessive weight gain, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. A rise in the percent of the population who are obese coincides with an increase in the widespread use of noncaloric artificial sweeteners, such as aspartame (e.g., Diet Coke) and sucralose (e.g., Pepsi), in food products. This paper discusses these findings and considers the hypothesis that consuming sweet-tasting but noncaloric or reduced-calorie food and beverages interferes with learned responses that normally contribute to glucose and energy homeostasis. Because of this interference, frequent consumption of high-intensity sweeteners may have the counterintuitive effect of inducing metabolic derangements. This review is based on a search of articles published in PUBMED, Medline, the Cochrane Database of Systemic Reviews, and mainly focused on type 2 diabetes mellitus, current diagnosis, treatment and role artificial sweeteners in development of diabetes.
2004
investigating the potential metabolic effects, benefits and risk of intense sweetener use among individuals with diabetes, children and adolescents, and pregnant and lactating women was reviewed to draft evidence-based recommendations for their use by people with diabetes. Current evidence does not support an earlier belief, reported in the medical literature, that low-calorie sweeteners stimulate appetite or affect mechanisms that regulate hunger and satiety. Evidence indicates that daily consumption (up to ADI levels) of aspartame, sucralose, saccharin, cyclamate and D-tagatose has no significant effect on glycemic control or blood lipids in persons with diabetes. Current evidence indicates that intense sweeteners, used as an adjunct to multidisciplinary programs, may improve weight loss and weight control in obese persons. Consumption of intense sweeteners by older children and adolescents is unlikely to exceed ADI levels. Aspartame consumption below ADI levels has no effect on behaviour in children. In pregnancy, saccharin and cyclamate are not recommended, while other intense sweeteners have not been shown to be unsafe during this time. Intense sweeteners are most beneficial when they are used to replace energy-dense and nutrient-diluted foods including sucrose, and are least beneficial when used to displace nutrient-dense foods such as milk, fruits and fruit juices.
Artificial Sweeteners and their Health Implications: A Review
Sugar is an inevitable part of our diet. Since ages, sweeteners have been used to enhance the flavour and appearance of food products. Sweeteners may be natural or synthetically produced. Those that are synthetic, as a whole, are referred to as artificial sweeteners. This review aims at highlighting the characteristics and health implications of artificial sweeteners. In this review, the physical and chemical characteristics of artificial sweeteners are highlighted. Also, the impact of artificial sweeteners on human health is discussed in detail. The data has been collected using standard search engines like PubMed, Google scholar and websites of publishing houses like Elsevier and springer. Results and Discussion: Today, due to high calorie content, natural sweeteners are getting replaced by artificial ones. The US Food and Drug Administration(USFDA) has approved utilization of five artificial sweeteners namely, saccharin, sucralose, aspartame, neotame and cyclamate. However, artificial sweeteners should be consumed carefully and in limited quantities. This is because the consumption of artificial sweeteners is controversial owing to their effects on health ranging from mild headache to dreadful cancer risks. Conclusion: Hence, long term study of these sweeteners for further safety evaluation on health risks is essential.
The Safety of Artificial Sweeteners and their Use in Pharmaceuticals
2019
Artificial sweeteners are sugar substitutes that add sweetness to foods and beverages without the extra calories found in sugar. These additives are used to help patients with diabetes avoid hyperglycemia and assist people in losing weight or avoiding weight gain by providing a replacement to higher calorie sugar-sweetened foods. Artificial sweeteners can be found in many sugar-free beverages, candies and gum, as well as pharmaceutical products. Although artificial sweeteners are often recommended over the sugar-sweetened alternatives in weight loss and diabetes prevention, the use of such products are not without risk. Studies have been conducted to assess artificial sweeteners involvement in contributing to cancer, genotoxicity and diabetes. To provide optimal health care to patients, it is imperative to know the implications involved with these risks. Pharmaceutical products formulated for oral and peroral administration have been sweetened by both artificial and natural sweetene...
The Association Between Artificial Sweeteners and Obesity
Current Gastroenterology Reports, 2017
Purpose of Review The purpose of this paper is to review the epidemiology of obesity and the evolution of artificial sweeteners; to examine the latest research on the effects of artificial sweeteners on the host microbiome, the gut-brain axis, glucose homeostasis, and energy consumption; and to discuss how all of these changes ultimately contribute to obesity. Recent Findings Although artificial sweeteners were developed as a sugar substitute to help reduce insulin resistance and obesity, data in both animal models and humans suggest that the effects of artificial sweeteners may contribute to metabolic syndrome and the obesity epidemic. Artificial sweeteners appear to change the host microbiome, lead to decreased satiety, and alter glucose homeostasis, and are associated with increased caloric consumption and weight gain. Summary Artificial sweeteners are marketed as a healthy alternative to sugar and as a tool for weight loss. Data however suggests that the intended effects do not correlate with what is seen in clinical practice. Future research should focus on the newer plant-based sweeteners, incorporate extended study durations to determine the long-term effects of artificial sweetener consumption, and focus on changes in the microbiome, as that seems to be one of the main driving forces behind nutrient absorption and glucose metabolism.
International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences An Analysis of Toxicity of Artificial Sweeteners
2024
Monosaccharides and disaccharides, natural sweeteners, have some nutritional value, but artificial sweeteners have few or absence of nutritional advantages. The influence of sugar on health is a subject of debate, especially in light of increasing apprehensions over diabetes and obesity. In the 21st century, a growing number of individuals opt for low-calorie, artificially sweetened items to control their weight and blood glucose levels due to increasing health awareness. Although widely used, artificial sweeteners are controversial because of their safety and effectiveness concerns. According to reports, these medications may have adverse effects such as headaches, weight gain, and organ malfunction, which raises concerns about their prolonged usage. Conversely, sweeteners derived from natural sources, such as stevia, are seen as being more secure. While the FDA has approved some artificial sweeteners, there is still ongoing dispute regarding their metabolic consequences. Hence, customers had to select between synthetic and organic sweeteners meticulously. The early published reviews of the "Artificial Sweeteners" were deficient in extensive long-term human investigations, mainly depended on animal research, neglected to analyze different types of sweeteners, and disregarded confounding factors such as food and lifestyle. This review aims to acquire information regarding the various types of available sweeteners, their composition, their impact on human health, and a thorough comparison between natural and artificial sweeteners. This review aims to assist readers in developing a healthy diet plan and making informed choices when using products that contain sweeteners.
Artificial sweeteners: regulation, technological implications in food production and health
Uningá Journal
Sweeteners provide a sweet taste to foods and are used to replace sucrose and reduce caloric value. Acesulfame potassium, aspartame, sodium cyclamate, saccharin, sucralose and neotame are the artificial sweeteners regulated in Brazil by the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA). The consumption of these additives has become controversial due to recent scientific evidence questioning their safety and outcomes regarding weight loss, dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota, insulin resistance, diabetes and cancer. Even today, little is known about the long-term consequences of their consumption. Therefore, this study aimed to carry out a review of artificial sweeteners regulated in Brazil, contextualizing their regulatory framework, the technological implications regarding their use and the effects on health. Considering the now controversial outcomes regarding the consumption of many artificial sweeteners, and the long period in which levels of acceptable daily intake have been i...