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American Journal of Education
Empirical studies have concluded that rural students experience lower rates of college enrollment and degree completion compared to their nonrural peers, but this literature needs to be expanded and updated for a continually changing context. This article examines the rural-nonrural disparities in students' postsecondary trajectories, influences, and outcomes. By comparing results to past research using similar national data and an identical design, we are able to examine change over time. Results show narrowed gaps from the 1990s into the 2000s, but with rural students still facing persistent challenges and experiencing lower average rates of college enrollment and degree completion. In the aftermath of the 2016 election, there has been a significant national conversation about the relationship among rurality, college education, social class, and politics (e.g., Brown and Fisher 2017; Means 2018; Pappano 2017). Such dicussions have often noted that the educational pathways of rural students differ from those of their nonrural peers (e.g., Barcus and Brunn 2010; Pierson and Hanson 2015; Roscigno et al. 2006). On occassion, discussions of rurality have even taken care to note that variations in educational trajectories stem in part from differences in college-going opportunities in rural areas, which are often related to suppressed postsecondary attendance and completion (e.g., Byun et al. 2012; Koricich et al. 2018; Turley 2009). However, when educators, journalists, scholars, and others use educational research to inform conversations about the multiple and complicated influences of rurality on college going and degree attainment, they find a literature base that is limited in its ability to
Doing Things beside Domesday Book
Speculum
Domesday Book is the collective name attached to two different bodies of text. Colloquially known as "Great" and "Little" Domesday, they represent successive documentary phases of the inquest undertaken by agents of William the Conqueror in 1086. 1 The more famous (also known as "Exchequer Domesday") is a condensed edition of the inquest's results. The other is an earlier artifact, a "circuit survey" (in the parlance of Domesday historiography) comprising more detailed information gathered from the East Anglian shires of Norfolk, Suffolk, and Essex. 2 In the past decade or so, a growing body of scholarship has established that analogous surveys of England's other regions were also prepared, and eventually became the exemplars abbreviated and anthologized by Great Domesday's chief scribe. Thereafter, however, only the surveys contained in Little Domesday were preserved-perhaps to make up for these specific counties' absence from Great Domesday. 3 I gratefully acknowledge the detailed comments supplied by anonymous reviewers, the insights of colleagues and students at the Universities of Illinois and Stockholm, the help of the individuals and institutions named below, and the expertise of Speculum's editorial team. This article is dedicated to the memories of three influential teachers: Malcolm Parkes and Patrick Wormald, who sparked my interest in the textual history of Domesday Book a long time ago; and the late James Campbell, whose advice and warm support are keenly missed.
This article offers a systematic and comprehensive account of the activities and policies of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) in Mex-ico between 1973, the year in which the agency was founded, and 1980, the year when most of the documents related to the DEA's presence in Mexico were declassified. The essay draws on primary sources found in various archives in Mexico and the United States, including many recently declassified cables, letters, intelligence reports, and internal memorandums produced by DEA officials. The first research objective of this essay is to examine the extent of the DEA's operational leeway in Mexico. This essay's working hypothesis is that the DEA's operations in the country were heavily limited by both US foreign policy and Mexican internal political dynamics. On the one hand, the DEA had to struggle with a wide network of US actors and organizations involved in drug policy-including the State Department, the CIA, the Customs Service, and the White House-on the other hand, Mexican concerns about national sovereignty restricted the operating margin of the DEA. These two constraints gave rise to a fragmented US drug policy in which no single actor was ever able to impose itself fully, let alone develop an articulate drug policy for Mexico.
Comparative Education Review, 2019
In the latter half of the twentieth century, school textbooks globally embraced growing emphases on the experiences and rights of diverse marginalized groups. Textbook discussions of diversity earlier in the century, however, have seldom been studied. We use descriptive statistics and regression to examine diversity foci in 978 textbooks from 93 countries published between 1900 and 2013. Unlike previous research, which emphasizes linear growth in diversity-oriented curricula since World War II, our findings reveal a wavelike pattern. We document an early expansionist wave beginning in the 1920s, which was followed by stagnation and decline midcentury before rising again in recent decades. We situate the early expansion within global activities dedicated to diversity in the interwar years and the midcentury contraction within the aftermath of World War II and the geopolitical climate of the Cold War. We contribute to the literature by illuminating the historical ebb and flow of inclusionary educational orientations.
Object Lessons: Early Modernist Interiors at the Museum of Modern Art
West 86th, 2018
The Museum of Modern Art opened the Architecture Room in February 1933 as a dedicated exhibition space for its newly created Department of Architecture, headed by Philip Johnson. Its inaugural display consisted of two concurrent exhibitions whose juxtaposition threatened to undermine the vision of modernity that Johnson embraced: one showcased functionalist furniture by Le Corbusier, Pierre Jeanneret, and Charlotte Perriand, staged as an example of “modern interior architecture”; the other presented collotypes after the work of Mexican muralist Diego Rivera. Responding to MoMA’s engagement with Rivera’s work, the Architecture Room became the contested site of an entangled modernism where a serial logic in exhibition practice was used to contain the threat of muralism’s artisanal technique and revolutionary themes. The intersection of Mexican muralism and the International Style in Johnson’s domestic modern imaginary exemplifies the heterogeneity and hybridity of modern culture and offers the possibility of decolonizing the story of modernism.
"Brigida Baldinotti and Her Two Epistles in Quattrocento Florentine Manuscripts"
Speculum, 2012
"Quattrocento Florentines copied a wide variety of vernacular texts into the many hundreds of popular manuscript anthologies known as zibaldoni. These collections contain works of the Church Fathers, Cicero and Seneca, in volgare, as well as treatises, poems, stories, speeches, and a large number of epistles. Until now there has been no attention paid to two letters, which were very frequently copied; these are the "Epistle to the Women Religious of the Hospital of Sta. Maria Nuova of Florence" and the "Epistle sent by Donna Brigida to a Daughter of the Bardi." Both were authored by a woman, Brigida Baldinotti of Pistoia. This paper explores the archival sources for her life and analyzes the content of the writings of this little-known Quattrocento female literary figure, in the process reassessing women's literacy and their participation in literary culture in Renaissance Florence."
The Library Quarterly
This article extends prior work investigating public youth librarians' efforts to incorporate digital media technologies into youth programming. We conducted interviews and focus groups with 92 youth-serving library staff working in public libraries across the United States. Using connected learning as a theoretical framework, our analysis revealed various ways that technology is used in youth-focused library programming, providing youth with opportunities to collaborate with peers and adults, to pursue their interests, and to exercise creativity through production-centered activities. Our analysis also revealed specific challenges facing public youth librarians in their efforts to leverage digital and networked technologies to create equitable, inclusive learning environments. This article contributes new empirical evidence demonstrating the specific roles that librarians can play in creating rich, technology-enabled environments for diverse youth patrons and the resources and supports librarians need to succeed in their efforts. P ublic libraries have long been sites of learning, inviting patrons from all backgrounds to explore their curiosities and interests. Increasingly, these explorations are supported by digital and networked technologies, which offer unprecedented opportunities for people to access, create, and share information. Well-resourced libraries in affluent neighborhoods are typically the best positioned to offer rich, technology-enabled learning experiences (Braun et al. 2014). Exceptions exist, such as the YOUmedia model developed by the Chicago Public Library and the Digital Youth Network (Larson et al. 2013), but there is a considerable way to go before libraries nationwide are able to incorporate digital and networked technologies effectively into youth programming. We would like to thank all the youth-serving public librarians and staff who participated in our study. Many thanks also to our public library partners and project advisory board members for their feedback and assistance throughout this study. This work was supported by the Institute of Museum and Library Services (grant RE-06-15-0074-15).
American Journal of Sociology, 2010
Beginning in 1938, some American business groups campaigned to repeal the Sixteenth Amendment and limit the federal taxation of income and wealth. Although their proposed upward-redistributive policy would benefit few voters, it won the support of 31 state legislatures. To explain this outcome, this article offers a theory of strategic policy crafting by advocacy groups. Such groups may succeed even in otherwise unfavorable institutional environments if they craft their proposals to fit the salient policy context. Archival evidence and event history analysis support this hypothesis. Public opinion also helps explain legislative support for upward-redistributive policy.
Abortion and the Environment: China’s One-Child Policy in Mo Yan’s Frog and Ma Jian’s The Dark Road
Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 2019
Abortion and the Environment: China's One-Child Policy in Mo Yan's Frog and Ma Jian's The Dark Road T he imminent threat to human survival posed by pollution and climate change has not yet altered the stories we tell ourselves about family size, some of which have attained the power of myth. While having a single child is an increasingly common phenomenon, onliness persistently figures in literary works as a lack or a misfortune rather than as a contribution to the health of the planet. Despite its ecological roots, China's one-child policy has failed to change that story in the West and has instead confirmed the already pervasive idea that one child is not enough. Imaginative Chinese works of witness to this policy are rare, but the two widely read and wellreceived novels that address it directly, Mo Yan's Frog (published in 2009 and translated into English in 2015) and Ma Jian's The Dark Road (published in 2012 and translated in 2013), have condemned it. Rejecting the state exercise of biopower, these novels eloquently focus on the horrors of coerced late-term abortion and defend the right of Chinese women to have more than one child. Mo's 2012 Nobel Prize in Literature, Ma's dissident exile in London, and the prestige of their English-language publisher, Penguin, have made these two works the most accessible and high-profile critiques of China's one-child policy in global literature. In this essay, I read these two novels, together with nonfictional writings by their authors, in relation to the discursive strategies of the American New Right, which in the late 1970s manipulated evangelical voters into agreement with Catholics on the question of abortion (Balmer 2016). As Susan Greenhalgh has observed, this "new, tight-knit coalition of conservative Republicans and right-to-life advocates, many with strong anti-communist sentiments," has turned to China for rhetorical ammunition and "made China's population policy their cause célèbre in a public crusade against abortion" (2010, 5). American antichoice activists have attacked Planned Parenthood at home and sought to limit the provision of family planning abroad. Their defense of pregnant Chinese women and aborted "missing girls" against pro-choice American feminists and the UN Population Fund This article has benefited from the insights of numerous rigorous readers and critics. Special thanks to my husband and son, Alan and Daniel Friedman, my research assistant Martin Lockerd, and my English department colleagues and friends who generously workshopped it.
Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 2016
This article describes the discovery and mapping of a large, previously unknown monumental structure at Petra, Jordan, using Google Earth, WorldView-1 and WorldView-2, and drones. Petra represents one of the most well-known and surveyed archaeological parks in the world; yet significant structures within range of its central city remain to be discovered. This article discusses the significance of the new discovery in relationship to Petra and its cultural landscape as well as the potential of WorldView-1,-2, and-3 satellite sensors for other archaeological projects in similar geographic areas.